Prepared March 9, 2016for Audrey Elginon behalf of TacoReport ID: 00BAN_1434MARS0000F

Dr. Nicholas SattelmaierBanfield Pet Hospital #14341450 SPRING MEADOWS DR, HOLLAND, OH   43528Fax: (419) 866-3836

Canine Genetic Analysis™ – What to Expect

We’re excited to provide you this report about our findings ofTaco’s genetic heritage. You might confirm your suspicions orbe surprised. Either way, you’ll get a glimpse into your dog’sheritage and find information that will help you care for Taco ininsightful ways.

Dr. Sattelmaier also received a detailed report including diseasescreening results that may impact Taco’s health, as well as anindividualized Optimum Wellness Plan® map. This is designedto help provide the best quality of life working with Tacothrough Banfield Pet Hospital’s unique preventive care model.

This report includes:

Taco’s Geneology

Breed Characteristics

MDR1 Screening Results

Genetic Heritage

Optimum Wellness Plan: What’s Next?

Certification of Genetic Ancestry

3

Genealogy

Taco’s AncestryTaco is a Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Chow Chow, Golden Retriever Mix!

The Canine Genetic Analysis™ performs approximately seven million calculations using 11models to predict the most likely combination of pure breeds and mixed breeds in the last threeancestral generations. This chart presents the best statistical result of the analysis:

SiberianHusky

SiberianHusky

GoldenRetriever

(US Show)

MixedBreed

AlaskanMalamute

MixedBreed

ChowChow

MixedBreed

SiberianHusky Golden

Retriever MixAlaskan

Malamute MixChow

Chow Mix

Siberian Husky /Golden Retriever Mix

Alaskan Malamute/ Chow Chow Mix

Taco

4

Genealogy

A Note on Mixed BreedsA portion of Taco’s ancestry was predicted to be mixed beyond three generations. It is difficultto identify strong individual breed signals in this mixed portion, so we have listed the geneticbreed groups with the strongest statistical likelihood below. The genetic breed groups are listedby relative strength with the most likely at the top of the list.

The most common ancestral trait of this group is beingused for hunting. Some use acute powers of scent to followa trail while others demonstrate the gift of stamina asthey run down a quarry. Beyond these two common traits,however, generalizations about hounds are hard to comeby as the group is comprised of a very diverse lot of breeds.

Example Breeds:  Basset Hound, Beagle, Treeing WalkerCoonhound, Bloodhound

The herding group is a diverse category. These highlyintelligent breeds were developed to guard and control themovement of livestock.

Example Breeds: Australian Cattle Dog, Border Collie, GermanShepherd Dog, Great Pyrenees

Dogs of the Guard Group were bred to guard peopleand property. They are often quick to learn and theseintelligent, capable animals make solid companions.

Example Breeds:  Boston Terrier, Boxer, Great Dane, AmericanStaffordshire Terrier

This genetic group was bred for hard work in mountainousregions. Characterized by their thick coats and sturdy,larger builds they quickly became the invaluable workingcompanions of people in endurance activities such asdrafting and hauling.

Example Breeds:  Bernese Mountain Dog, Saint Bernard,Leonberger, Newfoundland

Det

ectio

n Th

resh

old

5

Breed Characteristics

Siberian HuskyHeight:

21 - 23 in

Weight (Show):

35 - 60 lb

Weight (Pet):

34 - 67 lb Sibe

rian

Hus

ky

Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The Siberian Husky is an ancient breed that has a long history of helping mankind. The breed is believedto have started with the Chukchi tribe of Siberia, though various other tribes are occasionally creditedwith its development. The Siberian Husky has been used for a number of purposes throughout history,including herding of reindeer, pulling sleds and keeping children warm. This breed was made famousin 1925 when they were used to deliver diphtheria serum after a city was stricken by an epidemic. Theywere also used for transporting various other medications to the ill. The Siberian Husky found its wayto America in 1909 and since that time the popularity of the breed has grown significantly. The SiberianHusky was not recognized by the American Kennel Club until 1930. Ironically, that is the same year inwhich the exportation of this breed was stopped by the Soviet government, who closed the borders ofSiberia to external trade.

The Siberian Husky breed standard permits any color, though the dog can be black, silver, or a variety oftans. These are generally shaded and mixed with white markings leading to varied wolfish markings onthe head and muzzle. Blue or amber eyes are possible.

Do you recognize any of these Siberian Husky traits in Taco?

Active, social, and usually friendly dogs; oftendo well with children and other dogs.

Siberian Huskies are energetic dogs andparticipate in dog sports such as sledding,skijoring (pulling a skier), and carting.

Stubborn tendencies may be lessened by usingreward-based training involving small treats andfavorite toys.

May engage in digging; might chase wildlife.

6

Breed Characteristics

Alaskan MalamuteHeight:

23 - 28 in

Weight (Show):

68 - 92 lb

Weight (Pet):

61 - 105 lb Alas

kan

Mal

amut

e

Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The Alaskan Malamute is an ancient breed that was named after a native tribe in Alaska. The tribe beganbreeding Alaskan Malamutes around 1000 BC and the breed is one of the oldest Arctic sled dogs inexistence. During the period of 1909 through 1918, breeders experimented by breeding the AlaskanMalamute in crosses with other Arctic dogs. They hoped to produce an even stronger and more resilientbreed that would be better equipped to survive in the hostile environment of the Arctic. In 1926, an effortto protect the bloodline was initiated and the American Kennel Club recognized the Alaskan Malamute in1935.

The Alaskan Malamute comes in a wide range of wolf-like shading and markings. These include black,sable and shadings of sable to red. These are always seen with white markings which generally lead fromthe underbody up across the face and legs. White is the only acceptable solid color.

Do you recognize any of these Alaskan Malamute traits in Taco?

Enjoy dog sports such as carting, sledding,agility, tracking, rally and competitiveobedience; good companions for cross-countryskiing.

Reputation as a good family dog, but shouldbe closely supervised around children to avoidaccidental injury.

Respond to motivational tools such as treats andfavorite toys in reward-based obedience trainingwhich may be useful in reducing stubbornness.

Intelligent, hard-working, active, and usuallyfriendly dogs; can be stubborn.

7

Breed Characteristics

Chow ChowHeight:

18 - 22 in

Weight (Show):

40 - 65 lb

Weight (Pet):

42 - 69 lb Chow

Chow

Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

The Chow Chow is a venerable breed dating back at least two thousand years. Many believe that thebreed originated in China, but there is some evidence that indicates the Chow Chow actually migrated toChina from Mongolia and Manchuria. While no one can say for sure from which breeds the Chow Chowhas descended, it is believed that the breed has Tibetan mastiff and Samoyed in its bloodline. The ChowChow served a dual purpose in China. Some were used for hunting while others were used to guard thesacred temples from evil entities. The East Indian Company brought the Chow Chow to England in 1781and Queen Victoria received Chow Chows as a gift in 1865. During the 1880’s, the numbers of ChowChows imported increased drastically. The Chow Chow is one of the oldest known breeds, recognized bythe American Kennel Club in 1903.

The Chow Chow comes in either rough or smooth coat, with the rough having a more fluffy appearance.The coat may have lighter shading and be one of five colors; black, blue, cinnamon, cream, and red, whichvaries from a light golden to a deep mahogany. The Chow is famous for its blue mottled tongue, andsometimes has a black mask.

Do you recognize any of these Chow Chow traits in Taco?

Reputation as a loyal family dog. Reserved and wary with strangers.

Independent spirit, but responds toreward-based obedience training.

May require socialization to reduce defensiveaggressive tendencies. There have beenreported incidents of Chow Chows beingaggressive with other pets or people.

8

Breed Characteristics

Golden RetrieverHeight:

20 - 24 in

Weight (Show):

55 - 70 lb

Weight (Pet):

46 - 80 lb Gol

den

Retr

ieve

r

Ears: Muzzle: Tail:

Golden Retrievers are very popular dogs that can trace their lineage back to nineteenth century Scotland.They were bred as hunting dogs, used to locate and retrieve game from land and water. Initial efforts tobreed the Golden Retriever were conducted by Sir Dudley Majoribanks, Lord of Tweedmouth, who spenttwenty years secretly developing the breed. He began with a yellow dog from Brighton and an Englishretriever with a liver-colored curly coat called a Tweedwater Spaniel, now extinct. He later introducedLabrador Retrievers, Newfoundlands, Red Setters and Bloodhounds into the mix. The breed was acceptedby the Kennel Club of England in 1903 as the “Golden Flat Coat” and they were first shown in an Englishdog show in 1908. Golden Retrievers were introduced to the United States in the late 1890’s and the nameGolden Retriever was given to them in 1920. The American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1925.The DNA detected from this breed is most similar to DNA sampled from American Kennel Club registereddogs.

Golden Retrievers, like their name suggests are generally a rich golden color, which ranges from a lightgold to a darker reddish gold. The coat and tail is feathered with paler creams though the dog is neverwhite. The coat is dense enough to be textured though is neither short nor especially long.

Do you recognize any of these Golden Retriever traits in Taco?

Happy-go-lucky, calm, or easy-going dogs,although some can be energetic or nervous.

Usually friendly and are generally good familydogs.

Enjoys sports such as hunting, tracking, agilityand retrieving items such as floating toys thatuse the breed’s swimming ability.

Quite food motivated, which may make it easierto teach the Golden Retriever to drop retrieveditems not intended for play.

9

How Traits Are Inherited

How Genetics Influence Breed Appearance and BehaviorThis report includes common behavioral and physical traits associated with each of the breedswe’ve detected in your dog’s DNA. But remember, the link between genes and their expressionin specific dogs is complex. It’s likely that your dog exhibits characteristics of each breed indifferent ways – some more subtle than others.

An Example of Breed Expression in an Individual DogWe found three primary breeds in our example dog, Frankie. While overall, Frankie isone-of-a-kind, certain aspects of Frankie’s behavior and appearance indicate the influence ofeach of these breeds.

Shetland Sheepdog Italian Greyhound Parson Russell Terrier

FeatheringThe longer hair on thelegs, tail and around theears, is due to dominantmodifier genes availablefrom the ShetlandSheepdog.

Black PigmentThis coloring in thenose, eye rims, lips andpads on the feet is dueto one copy of the blackgene variant, availablefrom all three ancestralbreeds.

White SpottingThis is due to a lack of pigment and isoften found in the extremities (feet,chest, face, etc.), but can also extendover more of the body. It can be due tomany genes including those found inthe three ancestral breeds here.

Brindle Coat ColorThe black and tan striping in Frankie’scoat is a dominant trait coming fromone copy of the brindle gene variant.This is available from the ItalianGreyhound, Parson Russell Terrier andShetland Sheepdog.

Short HairThis is due to one copyof the gene variant fromthe Italian Greyhound orthe Parson Russell Terrierthat is dominant over thelong coat gene from theShetland Sheepdog.

10

MDR1 Results

MDR1 Screening Results

Condition Gene Mode ofInheritance Test Results

Multi-Drug Sensitivity MDR1 Dominant Normal/Normal

Please be sure to share these results with your veterinarian at yourfirst opportunity. They may be critical to the health care of your dog.

Test Results AnalysisMDR1 Normal/Normal - These dogs have two copies of the normal MDR1 gene and do not have the MDR1mutation. They will not pass on the mutation to their offspring. These dogs are not at increased risk forexperiencing side effects from drugs that are pumped by P-glycoprotein.

About MDR1MDR1, or Multi-Drug Resistance-1 is a genetic mutation found in many of the herding breeds, somesighthound breeds and many mixed-breed dogs. The MDR1 gene is responsible for production ofP-glycoprotein, which is a transport pump that plays an important role in limiting drug absorption anddistribution (particularly to the brain), and in enhancing the excretion of many drugs used in dogs.

Some dogs, particularly herding breeds or mixed-breed dogs with herding breed ancestry have a mutationin the MDR1 gene that makes them defective in their ability to limit the absorption and distributionof many drugs. These dogs are also slower to eliminate drugs from the body that are transported byP-glycoprotein. As a result, dogs with the MDR1mutation may have severe adverse reactions to somecommon drugs, so it is important to test your dog and share your results with your veterinarian so they canprovide your dog with for the best possible care.

Origins of the TestThe discovery of the mutation of the multi-drug resistant gene (MDR1) and its effects on multi-drugsensitivity in dogs was made by Washington State University. It is a patent-protected diagnostic testoffered by Washington State University that has been licensed to Mars Veterinary for use in the Banfield®Canine Genetic Analysis™ tests.

In addition to the MDR1 genetic mutation screen, Taco was also tested for more than 90 other genetichealth conditions. We have reported all the genetic marker findings including these MDR1 results toyour veterinarian. If you have not already consulted with him or her, please be sure to schedule anappointment to find out more information regarding any potential health conditions and any additionalhealth screenings that may be recommended. A full list of results can also be found by logging into yourBanfield Client Account on Banfield.com.

11

Genetic Heritage

Genetic HeritageGenetic heritage can affect Taco’s appearance, behavior and health. We have provided some generalinformation about the breeds detected in Taco in this report. The full medical report, including additionalbreed-specific genetic information about Taco, is available from your veterinarian.

You should discuss any health related concerns with your veterinarian. The purpose of the Canine GeneticAnalysis™ is to identify the genetic ancestry of your dog and to provide information to your veterinarian tohelp craft a personalized care plan to help you provide the best quality of life for Taco.

How Canine Genetic Analysis™ WorksThe DNA extracted from Taco’s cells was examined for over 3000 markers that are used in the test. Theseresults were evaluated using a program designed to consider all possible pedigree trees from the lastthree generations, from a simple pedigree with a single breed (likely a pure bred) to a complex tree witheight different great-grandparent breeds allowed.

We use information from more than 200 breeds represented in our database to fill these potentialpedigrees. Each of the millions of pedigrees are scored on how well it matches Taco’s data. The pedigreewith the best score is shown on the ancestry chart.

Terms and ConditionsEach dog is unique and its physical and behavioral traits will be the result of multiple factors, includinggenetics, training, handling, and environment. Banfield® Pet Hospital’s proprietary Canine GeneticAnalysis™ provides insight into the behavioral traits in breeds that have been identified in your dog, thepredicted genetic adult weight range and breed-related risks of developing certain genetic diseases. Adog’s weight range can vary significantly depending on age, diet and exercise. Canine Genetic Analysis™is not intended to diagnose any disease, or predict behavior in any particular dog.

In the unlikely event that it is not possible to determine breed history, predicted adult weight range orbreed-related health risks, or if an error in the analysis occurs, liability by Banfield® Pet Hospital, orrelated companies and individuals is disclaimed and damages in any event are limited to the paymentactually received by Banfield for the individual specified analysis at issue.

Canine Genetic Analysis™ is designed and intended to be used solely to identify the genetic history ofyour dog’s recent ancestry and no other purpose is intended, authorized or permitted.

Many countries and provinces have breed-specific ordinances and laws that may require special handlingor prohibit the ownership of some dogs with a particular breed in their genetic background. The CanineGenetic Analysis™ is not intended to be used by regulatory or animal control officials to determinewhether a particular breed is legislated or banned in a particular community. Nor is the Canine GeneticAnalysis™ intended to be used in any judicial proceedings. Rather, it is intended to be used as a tool orresource in determining a dog’s genetic history. Neither Banfield® Pet Hospital nor any related company isresponsible for compliance or notification regarding these matters.

Banfield® Pet Hospital continues to study the complexities of the canine genome, with the goal ofcontinuing to add breeds and the ability to detect additional breed-related disease conditions to CanineGenetic Analysis™ in the future.

If you have any questions about the results, please contact the hospital support team or call888-K9-PET-TEST (1-888-597-3883).

12

Optimum Wellness Plan®: What’s Next?

Optimum Wellness Plan Recommendation for TacoYou and your veterinarian know your pet best. The Canine Genetic Analysis™ is important, but it is onlyone indicator your veterinarian will use in recommending the appropriate wellness plan level for nextyear. Talk to your veterinarian at your next comprehensive exam to discuss the Canine Genetic Analysis™recommendation of Active Prevention Plan for next year.

We know that the most common disease in dogs is dental disease. It affects 91% of dogs over the ageof three. Like humans, dental disease has been associated with changes in liver, kidney and cardiacfunctions. Based on Taco’s breed and age, we know that your pet would greatly benefit from a dentalcleaning BEFORE these problems develop. Twice-yearly comprehensive physical exams include bloodwork. Your Banfield veterinarian will be able to establish baselines for Taco so we can watch for problemsthat might appear with age. Talk to your veterinarian for more detail about what is included in the ActivePrevention Plan.

NutritionWeight and nutritional counseling are part of the comprehensive physical exam(s) included in everyOptimum Wellness Plan. This will be especially important as Taco matures. Based on test results, wepredict Taco’s ideal weight range to be:

Ideal Weight Range: 57 - 85 lbs

Dental CareThe plan recommended for Taco includes an annual dental cleaning. Professional teeth cleaning preventsserious infection, tooth loss, pain and may reduce the potential for heart and kidney disease. We alwaysthoroughly assess your dog’s health before administering anesthesia for any dental procedure.

VaccinationsWellness plans protect your pet against a wide variety of diseases and infections with routinelyrecommended vaccinations to meet your dog’s individual needs.

Parasite ControlParasite control options can be added to any Optimum Wellness Plan to make it easy and affordable toprotect your dog from fleas, heartworm and other parasites that can spread harmful diseases.

BehaviorWe work closely with you and your pet from the very beginning to help develop behavior training plans.

We hereby certify that

TACOis genetically com

posed of the following canine breeds:

Siberian Husky

Alaskan Malam

uteChow

ChowG

olden RetrieverM

ixed Breed

as determined by a Banfield Pet H

ospital Canine Genetic Analysis™

of over 3000 unique DN

A markers and a proprietary breed detection

algorithm exam

ining the last three generations of ancestry.

Signed:D

r. Cynthia Cole, DVM, PhD, D

ACVCPD

ate: March 9, 2016

Research & D

evelopment D

irectorM

ars Veterinary