preparing a workforce for the next arizona economy mckinsey & company november 17, 2011...
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Preparing a Workforce for the Next Arizona Economy
McKinsey & Company
November 17, 2011
CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARYAny use of this material without specific permission of McKinsey & Company is strictly prohibited
McKinsey & Company 2 |
The US has lost 3 to 5 times as many jobs as those lost in any other post-war recession
8.8
2.8
1.8
2001-20101981-821990-91
3X5X
Millions of jobs lost from peak prior to recession
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
McKinsey & Company 3 |
The US is a long way from recovering the lost jobsMillions of jobs
-6.7
2.1
-8.8
2007-2010 2010-2011 Net jobs lost
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
McKinsey & Company 4 |
1 Total employment equals the number all employed workers in the economy, including full-time, part-time, and self-employed 2 Net employment change as a share of total employment in the base year (e.g., 1990 for 1990s)
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
34.6
24.5
14.5
4.2
Young people without a high school diploma
Young high school graduates
Young college graduates
College graduates
Unemployment rates vary by degree level Percent
McKinsey & Company 5 |
In the long term, the cost of unemployment is in the trillions of dollarsUSD billions
UI pay-outs
Lost output due to unemployment
Lost lifetime income for today’s unemployed
400
2,500
4,500
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
McKinsey & Company 6 |
A quarter of Americans surveyed “feel the American dream is not really alive today”
27
15
11
201120031986
Percent of surveyed
McKinsey & Company 8 |
The period between GDP recovery and employment recovery has been increasing
39
15
63
86676
20081
?
8
200119901981197319691960195719531948Year in which the recession began
“Jobless recoveries”
1 GDP returned to its pre-recession peak in December 2010
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
Gap between GDP returning to pre-recession peak and employment returning to pre-recession peakMonths
McKinsey & Company 9 |
68
49
25
In contrast to the past, firms today are more likely to lay off workers during a recession than suffer declines in productivity
1 Calculated from the onset of recession to trough of GDP. Calculations use real GDP estimate (2005 chained dollars) and total employment (full time and part time) for workers ages 16 and over.
SOURCE: US Bureau of Labor Statistics; US Bureau of Economic Analysis; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
Contribution to change in real GDP during recessionsCompounded quarterly growth rate,1 peak to trough (%)
100% =
Productivity loss
Employment loss
2007–09
-0.70
2
98
2001
-0.27
2
98
1990–91
-0.45
75
1981–82
-0.53
51
1973–75
-0.65
32
McKinsey & Company 10 |
The number of new businesses has declined dramatically in this recession
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
Change in number of private-sector establishments launched every year March 1993 to March 20101, thousands
1 Calculated using U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Business Employment Dynamics data set. The annual number indicates the number of businesses less than 1 year old that were in existence in March of that year.
03
609
02
612
01
631
2000
634
505
-23%
201009
548
08
627
07
656
06
667
05
633
04
603
The US would have 1.8 million more jobs had the 2007 rate of start-ups continued
McKinsey & Company 11 |
1 Calculated using U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment statistics data, which do not include farm, self-employed, or new entrants to the labor market
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
Low-skill occupations had the highest job losses in all sectors
Annual net employment change from 2007–20091
Thousands of jobs
>500,000 job loss
>100,000 job loss
10,000-100,000 job loss
1,000-10,000 job loss
Most significant source of occupational training
On-the-job training
Work experienc
eVocational
awardAssociate
degreeBachelor’s
degree
Bachelor’s plus work experienc
eGraduate degree
Manufacturing
Administrative & support services
Retail
Construction
Finance and insurance
Transportation and warehousing
Business services
Wholesale
Real estate
Accommodation & food services
Educational services
Government
Health care
Ind
us
try
<1,000 job change
1,000-10,000 job gain
>10,000 job gain
McKinsey & Company 12 |
The unemployment rate varies widely across the country
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
Unemployment rate, December 2010% unemployed
>10%
9–10%
8–9%
7–8%
6–7%
5–6%
<5%
McKinsey & Company 13 |
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Long-runaverage =18%
20092000199019801970119601950
Mobility in the United States has been declining since 1990
and is at a 50-year low
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
1 Data from 1970–1981 are interpolated due to data constraints.
Annual domestic migration rate, 1948–2009% of residents who have changed addresses during the past year
. . . but that figure has now dropped to 1 in 10
In the 1950s and 1960s, 1 in 5 Americans changed residences every year . . .
McKinsey & Company 15 |
1 Total employment, including self-employed and part-time workers2 New entrants include student inflows, net immigration inflows, return of discouraged workers, and exits of retirees
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
Full employment in 20201 160.4
Net new entrantsto workforce2 14.3
Replace lost jobs 7.1
EmploymentIn 20101 139.1
How many jobs does the US economy need to produce?
21 million
Employment needed to achieve 5% unemployment rate by 2020Millions
MCKINSEY CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY
McKinsey & Company 16 |
1 Total employment equals the number all employed workers in the economy, including full-time, part-time, and self-employed 2 Net employment change as a share of total employment in the base year (e.g., 1990 for 1990s)
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
1970s 20.6
1980s 19.5
2000-10 2.2
2000-07 9.2
1990s 18.1
1960s 12.9
1950s 6.9
Is it possible to produce 21 million jobs?
Increase in total employment2
Percent
12
20
26
20
15
7
2
3.5
4.2
3.2
3.2
3.4
2.4
1.7
Net employment change
Total employment1
Millions
Real GDP compound annual growth ratePercent
McKinsey & Company 17 |
▪Has automation and information technology permanently reduced the need for workers?
Has globalization permanently priced US workers out of the global labor market?
Does growth in non-traded sectors come at the expense of traded sectors?
McKinsey & Company 19 |
▪How must schools, colleges and universities change what and how they teach?
How must businesses change the way they recruit and train?
How should government change its priorities and the way it operates?
McKinsey & Company 21 |
Ensure more Americans acquire the skills that match employers needs
Bachelor’s degreeor higher
Associate degree
Some college, no degree
High school graduate
No high school diploma
Supply
168.9
56.5
19.6
29.1
44.1
19.5
Demand1
163.3
58.0
17.7
30.7
43.3
13.6
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics; McKinsey Global Institute analysis
Demand vs. supply – 2020 projectionsMillions
1 Labor demand from MGI high job-growth scenario
Difference
+5.9
+0.8
-1.6
1.9
-1.5
McKinsey & Company 22 |
Help US workers to win market share
5 5
77 9
1011
11
34
24
08
36
25
07
34
24
06
31
22
05
29
22
09
27
20
03
23
18
02
24
19
01
24
22
2
2000
26
26
0
04
Actual overseas visitors
Potential visitors lost
Number of overseas visitors in the US
Millions
SOURCE: WTTC
McKinsey & Company 23 |
Restore the new business growth engine
-7,000-6,000-5,000
-4,000-3,000-2,000-1,000
01,0002,0003,000
4,0005,000
09070503019997959391878583817977
SOURCE: BDS, Kauffman
1 Startups refer to new businesses, i.e. firms less than 1 year old
Entire economy
Entire economy without startups
Net job creation in US establishments
Thousands of employees
McKinsey & Company 24 |
Speed up processes
“The real threat to our industry is the slow, cumbersome, and out-of-date system that we use to manage our”
- Executive of Corporation
“It is much easier to site and build a factory in China than it is in the US. For a manufacturer, two year advantage in building a plant may be everything”
SOURCE: RFF “Reforming Permitting”; expert interviews
US has a lengthy and complicated set of regulatory/ permitting requirements
This lack of speed can act as a major competitive disadvantage
Other
A power plant built in Wisconsin required 46 environment approvals
EPA
US Army Corp of Engineers
FAA
FERC
Six state agencies
State historical society
City, country, and others
46 environ-mental reviews
McKinsey & Company 26 |
Why can't students, workers, and employers have as useful information as marketers and investors?
McKinsey & Company 27 |
Why shouldn't what you learn on the job be worth as much as what you learn in school?
McKinsey & Company 29 |
▪Incentives and support to innovate
Joint commitment to solving these issues
Prioritize a high skill, high share, high spark, and high speed economy
▪Make it easier to invest in the US