preparing for connected & autonomous vehicles: so what… · preparing for connected &...
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PREPARING FOR CONNECTED & AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES: SO WHAT’S THE PLAN?
Akhil Chauhan, PE, PTOE, PTP, PMP | November 2016
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Video Clips Pending
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Agenda
1 – Defining Connected & Autonomous Vehicles
2 – Key CAV Considerations & Impacts
3 – Creating the Roadmap
4 – Q&A
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Connected v. Autonomous
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Connected Vehicle
Communicates with nearby
vehicles and infrastructure
Autonomous Vehicle
Operates in isolation from other
vehicles using internal sensors
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation
Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)
Vehicles communicating with each other
Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I)
Vehicles communicating with infrastructure
Vehicle to Everything Technology (V2X)
Vehicles communicating to all technologies
Connected Automated Vehicle
Leverages autonomous and connected
vehicle capabilities
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CAV Benefits
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Improves overall quality of life for our communities
Safety
• Human error accounts for 90% of motor vehicle accidents
• 33,000 fatalities; 2 million injuries = $300 billion human capital
• CAV could save approximately 1.3 million crashes, $202 billion annually
Environmental
• Cars use about 2 billion barrels of oil each year
• Automation reduces or eliminates inefficient human driving habits
• Fuel economy improvements of 50%+
• Lower vehicle carbon emissions by 90%+
• “Platooning” vehicles reduce air resistance, improves fuel efficiency
Mobility
• Average American spends 40 hours stuck in traffic per year
• Urban congestion costs $121 billion each year
• Enable elderly people with disabilities to easily commute or rideshare
Key CAV Considerations & Impacts
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Connected-Automated Vehicles
Benefits
• Safety improvements
• Reduced congestion
• Reduced emissions and use of
fossil fuels
• Reduced transportation costs for
gov’t and users
• Improved accessibility and mobility
• Improved quality of life
Connected Vehicles
Vehicle Automation
Internet of Things
Machine Learning
Big Data
Mobility on Demand
Smart City
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation 9
CAV & Smart Cities
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Cooperative ITS
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The Role of ITS
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Smaller Road Footprint
Vehicles may travel closer together
Roads can have narrower lanes
Traffic to be spread across more roads for efficiency
Costs of road maintenance may decline
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Consideration: Will usage of roads increase?
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CAV and Marking, Signal & Striping
Less need for dynamic message signs, traffic sensors,
closed circuit cameras or even conventional signage
New systems will communicate through dedicated short
range communications (DSRC) or cellular networks
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Consideration: What happens if network failures occur?
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Parking Structure & Lots
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Minimal need for parking structures and lots
Open up 5.7 billion square meters for land development
New wave of adaptive reuse of land
Lots to be built underground
Consideration: Will people want to own cars?
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No Driver Zones
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Re-planning road use for driverless-only routes
• Ongoing pilots in Tampa and NYC
Consideration: How will cities roll-out zones at the same time?
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Transit
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Authorities may save on long-term operating costs
Impact on ridership; increase vs decrease
• Improved first mile and last mile commuting
Shift in how Uber and Lyft could be used
Consideration: Will communities still use buses, rail?
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Consideration: Cyber security measures to be priority.
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Information Highway
Big data will sky-rocket
Improved data can help transportation planners
Models can be developed to reduce bottlenecks
and hazards
Need for more fiber and cell networks, 5G
Developing the Roadmap
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Proactive Planning is Imperative
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Why should DOTs care about this now?
Put policies, regulations in
place to protect the
safety of our citizens
Balance current
infrastructure challenges with future
needs
Provide improved
mobility for our people
Determine economic
impact of CAV on cities
Stay up-to-date on
technology – don’t get left
behind
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Federal Automated Vehicles Policy
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Published by US DOT & NHTSA – September 2016
Accelerate adoption of AV, ensure safety:
Vehicle Performance Guidance for
Automated Vehicles
Safe pre-deployment design, development and testing of HAVs
prior to commercial sale or operation on public roads
Model State Policy
States retain traditional
responsibilities for vehicle licensing and registration, traffic laws and enforcement, insurance and
liability
NHTSA’s Current Regulatory Tools
NHTSA has the authority to identify safety defects, and can recall vehicles or equipment that
pose unreasonable safety risks
New Tools and Authorities
Potential tools for authorities to aid in
the safe and appropriately expeditious
deployment of new technologies
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Future Policies
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U.S. DOT establishing Advisory Committee on Automation in Transportation to help frame federal policy on AV deployment
• Committee is currently seeking 15 individuals to serve on the Committee to serve 2-year terms
Rule pending at the Office of Management and Budget on a
vehicle-to-vehicle communications standard
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Policy Guidance Legal Educate Finance Test Implement
MPOs X X
US DOT X X X X X X
AASHTO X X X
State DOTs X X X X X
OEMs and AM
Vendors X X X X X
State Gov’t
& Authorities X X X X X X X
ITE, ITS X X X X
Local Agency X X X X X X
Consultants X X X X X X
Academia X X X X
Insurance Firms X X X X
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Task 1: Identify Current Mobility Needs
Outline state & regional goals & objectives
Analyze safety, congestion, infrastructure issues
Consider impacts to the movement of goods and
services and “external” operations
Track personal mobility trends
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Task 2: Review Current ITS Infrastructure & Architecture
Establish state & regional ITS systems
Identify ITS framework for expansion and V2I/V2V
communications
Consider current programs in strategic plan and
architecture
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Task 3: Review CAV Initiatives
Consider Federal, state,
international, cooperative, legal,
insurance, private-sector
initiatives
Utilize the Connected Vehicle
Reference Implementation
Architecture (CVRIA) resource
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Enterprise View
$2 - $5M
$5 - $12M
$12 - $20M
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1. Depicts: • Relationships between organizations • Roles organizations play in delivery of
services within the connected vehicle environment
2. Addresses system life cycle
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Functional View
$2 - $5M
$5 - $12M
$12 - $20M
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1. Depicts: • Abstract functional objects (processes) • Flows of data between those processes
2. Identifies options for… • What functionality is in the CVE? • What are the interfaces between
logical objects? • What data flows over those objects? • Information Security, including
o Trust management o Privacy protection
o Anonymity protection o Information integrity assurance
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Physical View
$2 - $5M
$5 - $12M
$12 - $20M
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1. Depicts: • Physical objects that interact to deliver
services • Interfaces and flows of information
between those physical objects 2. Identifies options for…
• What devices are involved in delivering safety, mobility, environmental applications?
• What are the physical interfaces in each device?
• What functions do those interfaces support?
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Physical View
$2 - $5M
$5 - $12M
$12 - $20M
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• What functionality is allocated to
devices, and what is allocated to humans?
• What devices require information security safeguards and what are they?
• Operational security o Device physical security o Environmental protections for
devices o Contingency planning for failure o Maintenance o Security prior to disposal
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Communications View
$2 - $5M
$5 - $12M
$12 - $20M
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1. Depicts: • Layered communications
2. Identifies options for… • Identity and appropriateness of
protocols at all layers • How these protocols ensure or support:
o Anonymity preservation o Non-repudiation o Message integrity
• Status of protocols as standards or privately provided protocols and the implications of their use from an evolve-ability perspective
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Task 4: Localize CAV
Identify applicability of mobility, safety and
environmental factors
Prioritize needs and activities, develop CVRIA
configuration diagrams
Recognize low-risk activities, look into partnerships for
early engagement
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Task 5: Determine Funding
Identify traditional sources, e.g., Federal ATCMTD
Identify non-traditional sources, e.g., P3
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Task 6: Develop the Action Plan
Document system architecture using CVRIA-
based SET-IT software
Identify pilot programs, test beds
Identify policies, stakeholders and support
systems needed
Integrate with state transportation planning
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Are we ready?
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Questions/Discussion
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The future is not
something we enter.
The future is something
we create.
“ “
Thank you!
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AKHIL CHAUHAN, PE, PTOE, PTP, PMP
Vice President
Arcadis. Improving the quality of life.