Present practice, on-going research and future potential for non-chemical pest

management in fruit production in China

Chinese-Danish networking on Systemic approaches to Pest Management without Pesticides

Yunhui Liu Long Zhang

China Agricultural University

Outline

• Factors affects pest outbreaks

• Common pest in apple plantation

• Non-chemical pest management in fruit

production in China

• On-going research and Future potential for non-

chemical pest management

Reproduction

adaptability↑

Resistance ↑

Natural enemies

↓

control↓ Host plant↑

climate↑

Apple orchard↓

Management strategies↓

Plant quarantine↓

Pests outbreak

Temperature

variety

Chemical pesticides

Generation

Insecticides, local natural enemies killed

cultivation

Lack of native natural enemies

Factors affects pest outbreaks

Common pest in fruit plantation Apple

黄蚜 Spiraea aphid

绵蚜 Eriosoma lanigerum

山楂叶螨 Tetranychus viennensis

zacher）

二斑叶螨 Tetranychus urticae

Koch

瘤蚜 Myzus malisutus

Common pest in fruit plantation Peach

桃一点叶蝉 Erythroneura sudra(Distant)

桃潜叶蛾 Clerkella Linnaeus lanigerum

桃蛀螟

Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenée

红颈天牛 Aromia bungii

Faldermann

桃小食心虫 Carposina sasakii Matsumura

Common pest in fruit plantation Pear

梨木虱 Psylla chinensis Yang et Li

苹果瘤蚜 Myzusmalisuctus Matsumura

苹果绵蚜 Eriosoma lanigerum

(van der Goot)

苹小卷叶蛾 Adoxophyes orana

Fisher von Röslerstamm

梨大食心虫Nephopteryx pirivorella Matsumura

Non-chemical pest management in fruit plantation

Resistance variety

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

Release artificial rearing natural enemy

Leaf roller(Adoxophyes orana )卷叶虫

Trichgramma dendrolimi赤眼蜂

Amblyseius cucumeris 胡瓜钝绥螨

Citrus red mite(Panonychus citri)柑橘全爪螨

Habitat manipulation for pest control

Habitat manipulation, is a series of environment manipulations to provide natural enemies with the necessary resources， such as supplementary and complementary food, microclimate modification and existence of refuge habitats , to improve their effectiveness in controlling pests ,or to mitigate the negative impact of agricultural practices (Landis et al. 2000).

Field scale: Practices such as no tillage and conservation tillage, cover cropping, crop residue conservation

Between field scale: Diversified planting, like intercropping, establishment of eco-infrustructure(herbaceous strips, hedgerows etc. )

Landscape scale: Planning and conservation of source habitat for

conservation, establishment of ecological corridor for natural enemy migration, crop planning and configuration at landscape level.

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

In South of China, billygoat-weed (Ageratum conyzoides) was planted in citrus orchard to provid spawing sites and pollen for Amblyseius cucumeris, which is the main predator of a common pests spider mite Tetranychus cinnbarinus of citrus.(Huang, 2008)

Some aromatic plants, Mentha haplocalyx (Briq.var. piperascens Malinvaud), Tagetes patula L., Ocimum basilicum L, were intercropping with pear to reducing pest number, increasing natural enemy number and regulating the relationship between the dominant pests and natural enemies in pear orchard. Song et al.,Scientia Agricultura Sinica 2010,43(17):3590-3601

• Insect pheromones

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

• Insect pathogenic microorganisms

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

NPV Bt Beauveria sp.

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

天然除虫菊 Natural pyrethrins

阿维菌素 Avermectins

• Biopesticide

Other physical methods

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

Sticky trap

Frequency insect killer lamp

Black light

Sugar and villiger mixture

Solar insect killer lamp

Other physical methods

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

Brushing lime and Copper sulphate mixture on trunks to kill the overwintering pests under bark

Bagging

Other physical methods

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

Attract pests to clump together according to their behavior characteristic

Pests, like Tetranychidae,aphids, coccid, oriental fruit moth, which are tend to overwinter in bark seam, ground and withered grass

Tetranychus cinnbarinus

Other physical methods

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

Manual treatment

Scraping trunks or branches, pick out or clear out affected parts

Other physical methods

• Improved irrigation, fertilization, • Deep ploughing • Seedling treatment and quarantine

Non-chemical pest management in fruit production

Cost and effect comparison of non-chemical control measures in fruit production

Techniques Cost Difficulty

for practice

Safety for environm

ent

Effects

1 cover cropping low easier excellent excellent

2 cutting infested breaches and roots low easier excellent excellent

3 Scraping trunk low medium good good

4 Brushing lime water on trunks low easier excellent good

5 Light trap low easier excellent good

6 Pheromone trap low easier excellent good

7 Release of natural enemies low excellent good

8 bagging high easier excellent good

9 spraying biopesticides medium medium good good

On-going research and Future potential for non-chemical pest management

Comparing with the western country, non-chemical pest management is less widely applied in agricultural production in China, the relevant researches are also drawback.

Biological pesticide occupied very small part of pesticide market, much less than that(20% ～ 60%)in developing country. According to the data in 2007, the land with biological control only accounted for 12 % of the total pest controlled land. Chen, Chinese Bulletin of Entomology 2010，47(4) :615 - 625

The percentage of the total ecological engineering for pest management papers published from each geographical region from 1973 to 2002.(Gurr, 2004)

Publications on the international biological pest control related

journal(2005-2008) Chen, Chinese Bulletin of Entomology 2010，47(4) :615 - 625

Journal China USA

BioControl 9 55

Biological Control

40 254

Pesticides if necessary

action time

conversation of natural enemies

forecasting

quarantine seeding treatment

cultivation cover cropping

Enhancement of biodiversity

Preventing dispersal

Control pests and conversation of natural

enemies

Establishment of technique system

Development and application of natural enemy, biopesticide

• Knowledge and technologies related to commercial and industrialized production of insect natural enemies, biopesticide

Future potential for non-chemical pest management

Habitat management

• Better understanding on the behavioral mechanisms of pest and

natural enemies and their interaction in the orchard.

• The effects of spatial arrangement of plants, habitats and landscape

context on the diversity, composition and distribution of both pests

and natural enemy, pest-natural enemy relationship at different

scales(field, between field and landscape)

• Plant species selection for natural enemy sustaining or pests control

Future potential for non-chemical pest management

Thanks for your attention!