present value discounted at 2.50%€¦ · 50 49.3937 102 99.5228 154 148.4178 206 196.1091 258...

Weeks Value Weeks Value Weeks Value Weeks Value Weeks Value Weeks Value

1 0.9995 53 52.3199 105 102.3769 157 151.2016 209 198.8244 261 245.2748

2 1.9986 54 53.2943 106 103.3274 158 152.1287 210 199.7286 262 246.1568

3 2.9971 55 54.2683 107 104.2774 159 153.0553 211 200.6324 263 247.0384

4 3.9952 56 55.2418 108 105.2269 160 153.9815 212 201.5358 264 247.9195

5 4.9928 57 56.2149 109 106.1760 161 154.9072 213 202.4388 265 248.8002

6 5.9899 58 57.1875 110 107.1246 162 155.8325 214 203.3413 266 249.6805

7 6.9866 59 58.1596 111 108.0728 163 156.7573 215 204.2433 267 250.5604

8 7.9828 60 59.1312 112 109.0206 164 157.6817 216 205.1450 268 251.4398

9 8.9785 61 60.1024 113 109.9678 165 158.6057 217 206.0462 269 252.3188

10 9.9737 62 61.0731 114 110.9146 166 159.5292 218 206.9470 270 253.1974

11 10.9684 63 62.0434 115 111.8610 167 160.4523 219 207.8473 271 254.0756

12 11.9627 64 63.0132 116 112.8069 168 161.3749 220 208.7472 272 254.9534

13 12.9565 65 63.9825 117 113.7524 169 162.2971 221 209.6467 273 255.8307

14 13.9498 66 64.9514 118 114.6974 170 163.2188 222 210.5458 274 256.7076

15 14.9426 67 65.9198 119 115.6420 171 164.1401 223 211.4444 275 257.5841

16 15.9350 68 66.8877 120 116.5861 172 165.0610 224 212.3426 276 258.4602

17 16.9269 69 67.8551 121 117.5297 173 165.9814 225 213.2403 277 259.3359

18 17.9183 70 68.8222 122 118.4729 174 166.9014 226 214.1377 278 260.2111

19 18.9092 71 69.7887 123 119.4157 175 167.8209 227 215.0346 279 261.0860

20 19.8997 72 70.7548 124 120.3579 176 168.7400 228 215.9310 280 261.9604

21 20.8897 73 71.7204 125 121.2998 177 169.6587 229 216.8271 281 262.8343

22 21.8792 74 72.6855 126 122.2412 178 170.5769 230 217.7227 282 263.7079

23 22.8682 75 73.6502 127 123.1821 179 171.4947 231 218.6179 283 264.5810

24 23.8568 76 74.6144 128 124.1226 180 172.4120 232 219.5126 284 265.4538

25 24.8448 77 75.5782 129 125.0626 181 173.3289 233 220.4070 285 266.3261

26 25.8325 78 76.5415 130 126.0022 182 174.2454 234 221.3009 286 267.1980

27 26.8196 79 77.5044 131 126.9414 183 175.1614 235 222.1943 287 268.0695

28 27.8063 80 78.4667 132 127.8801 184 176.0770 236 223.0874 288 268.9405

29 28.7925 81 79.4286 133 128.8183 185 176.9921 237 223.9800 289 269.8111

30 29.7782 82 80.3901 134 129.7561 186 177.9068 238 224.8722 290 270.6814

31 30.7634 83 81.3511 135 130.6934 187 178.8211 239 225.7639 291 271.5512

32 31.7482 84 82.3116 136 131.6303 188 179.7349 240 226.6553 292 272.4206

33 32.7325 85 83.2717 137 132.5668 189 180.6483 241 227.5462 293 273.2895

34 33.7164 86 84.2313 138 133.5027 190 181.5612 242 228.4366 294 274.1581

35 34.6997 87 85.1905 139 134.4383 191 182.4737 243 229.3267 295 275.0262

36 35.6826 88 86.1492 140 135.3734 192 183.3858 244 230.2163 296 275.8939

37 36.6650 89 87.1074 141 136.3080 193 184.2975 245 231.1055 297 276.7612

38 37.6470 90 88.0652 142 137.2422 194 185.2087 246 231.9943 298 277.6281

39 38.6285 91 89.0225 143 138.1760 195 186.1194 247 232.8826 299 278.4946

40 39.6095 92 89.9794 144 139.1093 196 187.0297 248 233.7705 300 279.3607

41 40.5900 93 90.9358 145 140.0421 197 187.9396 249 234.6580 301 280.2263

42 41.5701 94 91.8917 146 140.9746 198 188.8491 250 235.5451 302 281.0916

43 42.5497 95 92.8472 147 141.9065 199 189.7581 251 236.4317 303 281.9564

44 43.5288 96 93.8022 148 142.8380 200 190.6667 252 237.3180 304 282.8208

45 44.5075 97 94.7568 149 143.7691 201 191.5749 253 238.2037 305 283.6848

46 45.4857 98 95.7109 150 144.6997 202 192.4826 254 239.0891 306 284.5483

47 46.4634 99 96.6646 151 145.6299 203 193.3898 255 239.9741 307 285.4115

48 47.4406 100 97.6178 152 146.5596 204 194.2967 256 240.8586 308 286.2742

49 48.4174 101 98.5705 153 147.4889 205 195.2031 257 241.7427 309 287.1366

50 49.3937 102 99.5228 154 148.4178 206 196.1091 258 242.6263 310 287.9985

51 50.3696 103 100.4746 155 149.3462 207 197.0146 259 243.5096 311 288.8600

52 51.3450 104 101.4260 156 150.2741 208 197.9197 260 244.3924 312 289.7211

Present Worth TablePresent Value Discounted at 2.50%


Present Value Discounted at 2.50%

313 290.5818 365 334.7734 417 377.8771 469 419.9197 521 460.9273 573 500.9254

314 291.4420 366 335.6124 418 378.6955 470 420.7180 522 461.7059 574 501.6849

315 292.3019 367 336.4511 419 379.5135 471 421.5159 523 462.4842 575 502.4440

316 293.1613 368 337.2894 420 380.3312 472 422.3134 524 463.2621 576 503.2027

317 294.0204 369 338.1273 421 381.1484 473 423.1105 525 464.0396 577 503.9611

318 294.8790 370 338.9648 422 381.9653 474 423.9073 526 464.8167 578 504.7191

319 295.7372 371 339.8019 423 382.7818 475 424.7037 527 465.5935 579 505.4768

320 296.5950 372 340.6385 424 383.5979 476 425.4996 528 466.3699 580 506.2340

321 297.4524 373 341.4748 425 384.4136 477 426.2953 529 467.1459 581 506.9910

322 298.3093 374 342.3107 426 385.2289 478 427.0905 530 467.9216 582 507.7475

323 299.1659 375 343.1462 427 386.0438 479 427.8853 531 468.6969 583 508.5037

324 300.0221 376 343.9813 428 386.8583 480 428.6798 532 469.4718 584 509.2596

325 300.8778 377 344.8159 429 387.6724 481 429.4739 533 470.2463 585 510.0150

326 301.7331 378 345.6502 430 388.4862 482 430.2676 534 471.0205 586 510.7701

327 302.5881 379 346.4841 431 389.2995 483 431.0609 535 471.7943 587 511.5249

328 303.4426 380 347.3176 432 390.1125 484 431.8539 536 472.5677 588 512.2793

329 304.2967 381 348.1506 433 390.9250 485 432.6464 537 473.3408 589 513.0333

330 305.1504 382 348.9833 434 391.7372 486 433.4386 538 474.1135 590 513.7870

331 306.0037 383 349.8156 435 392.5490 487 434.2304 539 474.8858 591 514.5403

332 306.8565 384 350.6475 436 393.3604 488 435.0219 540 475.6577 592 515.2932

333 307.7090 385 351.4790 437 394.1714 489 435.8129 541 476.4293 593 516.0458

334 308.5611 386 352.3101 438 394.9821 490 436.6036 542 477.2005 594 516.7980

335 309.4127 387 353.1407 439 395.7923 491 437.3939 543 477.9713 595 517.5499

336 310.2640 388 353.9710 440 396.6021 492 438.1838 544 478.7418 596 518.3014

337 311.1148 389 354.8009 441 397.4116 493 438.9733 545 479.5119 597 519.0525

338 311.9652 390 355.6304 442 398.2207 494 439.7625 546 480.2816 598 519.8033

339 312.8152 391 356.4595 443 399.0294 495 440.5513 547 481.0510 599 520.5537

340 313.6649 392 357.2882 444 399.8377 496 441.3397 548 481.8200 600 521.3038

341 314.5141 393 358.1165 445 400.6456 497 442.1277 549 482.5886 601 522.0535

342 315.3629 394 358.9444 446 401.4531 498 442.9153 550 483.3568 602 522.8028

343 316.2113 395 359.7719 447 402.2602 499 443.7026 551 484.1247 603 523.5518

344 317.0592 396 360.5990 448 403.0670 500 444.4895 552 484.8922 604 524.3004

345 317.9068 397 361.4257 449 403.8733 501 445.2760 553 485.6594 605 525.0487

346 318.7540 398 362.2521 450 404.6793 502 446.0621 554 486.4262 606 525.7966

347 319.6008 399 363.0780 451 405.4849 503 446.8479 555 487.1926 607 526.5441

348 320.4471 400 363.9035 452 406.2901 504 447.6333 556 487.9586 608 527.2913

349 321.2931 401 364.7286 453 407.0949 505 448.4183 557 488.7243 609 528.0382

350 322.1386 402 365.5534 454 407.8994 506 449.2029 558 489.4896 610 528.7846

351 322.9838 403 366.3777 455 408.7034 507 449.9871 559 490.2546 611 529.5307

352 323.8285 404 367.2017 456 409.5071 508 450.7710 560 491.0192 612 530.2765

353 324.6728 405 368.0252 457 410.3103 509 451.5545 561 491.7834 613 531.0219

354 325.5168 406 368.8484 458 411.1132 510 452.3376 562 492.5472 614 531.7669

355 326.3603 407 369.6711 459 411.9157 511 453.1204 563 493.3107 615 532.5116

356 327.2034 408 370.4935 460 412.7179 512 453.9028 564 494.0738 616 533.2560

357 328.0461 409 371.3155 461 413.5196 513 454.6848 565 494.8366 617 533.9999

358 328.8884 410 372.1370 462 414.3209 514 455.4664 566 495.5990 618 534.7435

359 329.7304 411 372.9582 463 415.1219 515 456.2476 567 496.3610 619 535.4868

360 330.5719 412 373.7790 464 415.9225 516 457.0285 568 497.1226 620 536.2297

361 331.4130 413 374.5994 465 416.7227 517 457.8090 569 497.8839 621 536.9723

362 332.2537 414 375.4194 466 417.5225 518 458.5892 570 498.6448 622 537.7144

363 333.0940 415 376.2390 467 418.3220 519 459.3689 571 499.4054 623 538.4563

364 333.9339 416 377.0582 468 419.1210 520 460.1483 572 500.1656 624 539.1978



625 539.9389 677 577.9919 729 615.1082 781 651.3108 833 686.6222 885 721.0643

626 540.6797 678 578.7145 730 615.8130 782 651.9982 834 687.2927 886 721.7182

627 541.4201 679 579.4367 731 616.5174 783 652.6853 835 687.9628 887 722.3719

628 542.1601 680 580.1585 732 617.2215 784 653.3720 836 688.6326 888 723.0252

629 542.8998 681 580.8800 733 617.9252 785 654.0584 837 689.3022 889 723.6783

630 543.6392 682 581.6012 734 618.6286 786 654.7445 838 689.9713 890 724.3310

631 544.3782 683 582.3220 735 619.3317 787 655.4303 839 690.6402 891 724.9834

632 545.1168 684 583.0424 736 620.0344 788 656.1157 840 691.3088 892 725.6355

633 545.8551 685 583.7625 737 620.7368 789 656.8008 841 691.9770 893 726.2873

634 546.5931 686 584.4823 738 621.4388 790 657.4856 842 692.6449 894 726.9387

635 547.3306 687 585.2017 739 622.1405 791 658.1700 843 693.3125 895 727.5899

636 548.0679 688 585.9208 740 622.8419 792 658.8541 844 693.9798 896 728.2407

637 548.8047 689 586.6395 741 623.5429 793 659.5379 845 694.6467 897 728.8913

638 549.5413 690 587.3579 742 624.2437 794 660.2213 846 695.3134 898 729.5415

639 550.2774 691 588.0760 743 624.9440 795 660.9045 847 695.9797 899 730.1914

640 551.0132 692 588.7937 744 625.6441 796 661.5873 848 696.6457 900 730.8410

641 551.7487 693 589.5110 745 626.3438 797 662.2697 849 697.3113 901 731.4903

642 552.4838 694 590.2281 746 627.0431 798 662.9519 850 697.9767 902 732.1393

643 553.2186 695 590.9447 747 627.7421 799 663.6337 851 698.6417 903 732.7879

644 553.9530 696 591.6610 748 628.4408 800 664.3152 852 699.3064 904 733.4363

645 554.6870 697 592.3770 749 629.1392 801 664.9964 853 699.9708 905 734.0843

646 555.4207 698 593.0927 750 629.8372 802 665.6772 854 700.6349 906 734.7320

647 556.1541 699 593.8080 751 630.5349 803 666.3577 855 701.2987 907 735.3795

648 556.8871 700 594.5229 752 631.2323 804 667.0379 856 701.9621 908 736.0266

649 557.6197 701 595.2375 753 631.9293 805 667.7178 857 702.6252 909 736.6734

650 558.3520 702 595.9518 754 632.6260 806 668.3973 858 703.2880 910 737.3199

651 559.0840 703 596.6657 755 633.3223 807 669.0765 859 703.9505 911 737.9660

652 559.8156 704 597.3793 756 634.0183 808 669.7554 860 704.6127 912 738.6119

653 560.5468 705 598.0926 757 634.7140 809 670.4340 861 705.2746 913 739.2575

654 561.2777 706 598.8055 758 635.4094 810 671.1122 862 705.9361 914 739.9027

655 562.0083 707 599.5180 759 636.1044 811 671.7901 863 706.5973 915 740.5477

656 562.7385 708 600.2302 760 636.7991 812 672.4677 864 707.2582 916 741.1923

657 563.4683 709 600.9421 761 637.4934 813 673.1449 865 707.9188 917 741.8366

658 564.1978 710 601.6537 762 638.1875 814 673.8219 866 708.5791 918 742.4806

659 564.9269 711 602.3649 763 638.8811 815 674.4985 867 709.2390 919 743.1244

660 565.6557 712 603.0757 764 639.5745 816 675.1748 868 709.8987 920 743.7678

661 566.3842 713 603.7862 765 640.2675 817 675.8507 869 710.5580 921 744.4108

662 567.1123 714 604.4964 766 640.9602 818 676.5264 870 711.2170 922 745.0536

663 567.8400 715 605.2062 767 641.6526 819 677.2017 871 711.8757 923 745.6961

664 568.5674 716 605.9157 768 642.3446 820 677.8767 872 712.5341 924 746.3383

665 569.2945 717 606.6249 769 643.0363 821 678.5513 873 713.1921 925 746.9801

666 570.0212 718 607.3337 770 643.7277 822 679.2257 874 713.8499 926 747.6217

667 570.7475 719 608.0422 771 644.4187 823 679.8997 875 714.5073 927 748.2629

668 571.4735 720 608.7503 772 645.1094 824 680.5734 876 715.1644 928 748.9039

669 572.1992 721 609.4581 773 645.7998 825 681.2468 877 715.8212 929 749.5445

670 572.9245 722 610.1655 774 646.4898 826 681.9198 878 716.4777 930 750.1848

671 573.6495 723 610.8727 775 647.1795 827 682.5926 879 717.1339 931 750.8248

672 574.3741 724 611.5794 776 647.8689 828 683.2650 880 717.7897 932 751.4645

673 575.0983 725 612.2859 777 648.5579 829 683.9371 881 718.4452 933 752.1039

674 575.8223 726 612.9920 778 649.2466 830 684.6088 882 719.1005 934 752.7430

675 576.5458 727 613.6977 779 649.9350 831 685.2803 883 719.7554 935 753.3818

676 577.2691 728 614.4032 780 650.6231 832 685.9514 884 720.4100 936 754.0203



937 754.6585 989 787.4257 1041 819.3863 1093 850.5600 1145 880.9664 1197 910.6242

938 755.2964 990 788.0479 1042 819.9931 1094 851.1519 1146 881.5437 1198 911.1873

939 755.9339 991 788.6697 1043 820.5997 1095 851.7436 1147 882.1208 1199 911.7502

940 756.5712 992 789.2913 1044 821.2059 1096 852.3349 1148 882.6976 1200 912.3128

941 757.2081 993 789.9126 1045 821.8119 1097 852.9260 1149 883.2741 1201 912.8751

942 757.8448 994 790.5336 1046 822.4176 1098 853.5168 1150 883.8503 1202 913.4372

943 758.4811 995 791.1542 1047 823.0230 1099 854.1073 1151 884.4263 1203 913.9989

944 759.1172 996 791.7746 1048 823.6281 1100 854.6975 1152 885.0020 1204 914.5605

945 759.7529 997 792.3947 1049 824.2329 1101 855.2874 1153 885.5774 1205 915.1217

946 760.3883 998 793.0145 1050 824.8375 1102 855.8770 1154 886.1525 1206 915.6827

947 761.0235 999 793.6340 1051 825.4417 1103 856.4664 1155 886.7274 1207 916.2434

948 761.6583 1000 794.2532 1052 826.0457 1104 857.0555 1156 887.3019 1208 916.8038

949 762.2928 1001 794.8721 1053 826.6493 1105 857.6443 1157 887.8763 1209 917.3640

950 762.9270 1002 795.4907 1054 827.2527 1106 858.2328 1158 888.4503 1210 917.9239

951 763.5609 1003 796.1090 1055 827.8558 1107 858.8210 1159 889.0240 1211 918.4835

952 764.1945 1004 796.7270 1056 828.4586 1108 859.4090 1160 889.5975 1212 919.0429

953 764.8278 1005 797.3447 1057 829.0611 1109 859.9967 1161 890.1707 1213 919.6020

954 765.4608 1006 797.9621 1058 829.6633 1110 860.5841 1162 890.7437 1214 920.1608

955 766.0935 1007 798.5792 1059 830.2652 1111 861.1712 1163 891.3163 1215 920.7194

956 766.7259 1008 799.1960 1060 830.8669 1112 861.7580 1164 891.8887 1216 921.2776

957 767.3580 1009 799.8126 1061 831.4682 1113 862.3446 1165 892.4608 1217 921.8357

958 767.9898 1010 800.4288 1062 832.0693 1114 862.9308 1166 893.0326 1218 922.3934

959 768.6213 1011 801.0447 1063 832.6700 1115 863.5168 1167 893.6042 1219 922.9509

960 769.2524 1012 801.6604 1064 833.2705 1116 864.1025 1168 894.1755 1220 923.5081

961 769.8833 1013 802.2757 1065 833.8707 1117 864.6879 1169 894.7465 1221 924.0651

962 770.5139 1014 802.8908 1066 834.4706 1118 865.2731 1170 895.3172 1222 924.6218

963 771.1442 1015 803.5055 1067 835.0703 1119 865.8579 1171 895.8877 1223 925.1782

964 771.7741 1016 804.1200 1068 835.6696 1120 866.4425 1172 896.4579 1224 925.7344

965 772.4038 1017 804.7342 1069 836.2686 1121 867.0268 1173 897.0278 1225 926.2902

966 773.0332 1018 805.3481 1070 836.8674 1122 867.6108 1174 897.5975 1226 926.8459

967 773.6622 1019 805.9616 1071 837.4659 1123 868.1946 1175 898.1668 1227 927.4012

968 774.2910 1020 806.5749 1072 838.0641 1124 868.7780 1176 898.7359 1228 927.9563

969 774.9195 1021 807.1879 1073 838.6620 1125 869.3612 1177 899.3048 1229 928.5111

970 775.5476 1022 807.8006 1074 839.2596 1126 869.9441 1178 899.8733 1230 929.0657

971 776.1755 1023 808.4130 1075 839.8569 1127 870.5268 1179 900.4416 1231 929.6200

972 776.8031 1024 809.0251 1076 840.4540 1128 871.1091 1180 901.0096 1232 930.1740

973 777.4303 1025 809.6369 1077 841.0507 1129 871.6912 1181 901.5773 1233 930.7278

974 778.0573 1026 810.2485 1078 841.6472 1130 872.2730 1182 902.1448 1234 931.2813

975 778.6839 1027 810.8597 1079 842.2434 1131 872.8545 1183 902.7120 1235 931.8345

976 779.3103 1028 811.4706 1080 842.8393 1132 873.4357 1184 903.2789 1236 932.3875

977 779.9364 1029 812.0813 1081 843.4349 1133 874.0166 1185 903.8456 1237 932.9402

978 780.5621 1030 812.6916 1082 844.0302 1134 874.5973 1186 904.4119 1238 933.4926

979 781.1876 1031 813.3017 1083 844.6253 1135 875.1777 1187 904.9780 1239 934.0448

980 781.8127 1032 813.9115 1084 845.2200 1136 875.7578 1188 905.5439 1240 934.5967

981 782.4376 1033 814.5209 1085 845.8145 1137 876.3377 1189 906.1094 1241 935.1483

982 783.0621 1034 815.1301 1086 846.4087 1138 876.9172 1190 906.6747 1242 935.6997

983 783.6864 1035 815.7390 1087 847.0026 1139 877.4965 1191 907.2398 1243 936.2508

984 784.3104 1036 816.3476 1088 847.5962 1140 878.0755 1192 907.8045 1244 936.8017

985 784.9340 1037 816.9559 1089 848.1895 1141 878.6542 1193 908.3690 1245 937.3522

986 785.5574 1038 817.5639 1090 848.7826 1142 879.2327 1194 908.9332 1246 937.9026

987 786.1805 1039 818.1717 1091 849.3753 1143 879.8109 1195 909.4971 1247 938.4526

988 786.8032 1040 818.7791 1092 849.9678 1144 880.3888 1196 910.0608 1248 939.0024



1249 939.5519 1301 967.7675 1353 995.2885 1405 1022.1321 1457 1048.3147 1509 1073.8529

1250 940.1012 1302 968.3033 1354 995.8111 1406 1022.6417 1458 1048.8119 1510 1074.3378

1251 940.6502 1303 968.8388 1355 996.3334 1407 1023.1512 1459 1049.3088 1511 1074.8225

1252 941.1989 1304 969.3740 1356 996.8555 1408 1023.6604 1460 1049.8055 1512 1075.3069

1253 941.7474 1305 969.9090 1357 997.3773 1409 1024.1694 1461 1050.3019 1513 1075.7911

1254 942.2956 1306 970.4437 1358 997.8988 1410 1024.6781 1462 1050.7981 1514 1076.2751

1255 942.8436 1307 970.9782 1359 998.4201 1411 1025.1865 1463 1051.2940 1515 1076.7588

1256 943.3913 1308 971.5124 1360 998.9412 1412 1025.6948 1464 1051.7898 1516 1077.2423

1257 943.9387 1309 972.0463 1361 999.4620 1413 1026.2028 1465 1052.2852 1517 1077.7256

1258 944.4859 1310 972.5800 1362 999.9825 1414 1026.7105 1466 1052.7805 1518 1078.2087

1259 945.0328 1311 973.1134 1363 1000.5029 1415 1027.2180 1467 1053.2755 1519 1078.6915

1260 945.5794 1312 973.6466 1364 1001.0229 1416 1027.7253 1468 1053.7702 1520 1079.1741

1261 946.1258 1313 974.1796 1365 1001.5427 1417 1028.2323 1469 1054.2648 1521 1079.6564

1262 946.6719 1314 974.7122 1366 1002.0623 1418 1028.7390 1470 1054.7591 1522 1080.1386

1263 947.2178 1315 975.2446 1367 1002.5816 1419 1029.2456 1471 1055.2531 1523 1080.6205

1264 947.7634 1316 975.7768 1368 1003.1006 1420 1029.7518 1472 1055.7470 1524 1081.1021

1265 948.3087 1317 976.3087 1369 1003.6195 1421 1030.2579 1473 1056.2405 1525 1081.5836

1266 948.8538 1318 976.8404 1370 1004.1380 1422 1030.7637 1474 1056.7339 1526 1082.0648

1267 949.3986 1319 977.3718 1371 1004.6563 1423 1031.2692 1475 1057.2270 1527 1082.5457

1268 949.9431 1320 977.9029 1372 1005.1744 1424 1031.7745 1476 1057.7199 1528 1083.0265

1269 950.4874 1321 978.4338 1373 1005.6922 1425 1032.2796 1477 1058.2125 1529 1083.5070

1270 951.0314 1322 978.9644 1374 1006.2098 1426 1032.7845 1478 1058.7049 1530 1083.9873

1271 951.5752 1323 979.4948 1375 1006.7271 1427 1033.2890 1479 1059.1971 1531 1084.4673

1272 952.1187 1324 980.0249 1376 1007.2442 1428 1033.7934 1480 1059.6890 1532 1084.9471

1273 952.6619 1325 980.5548 1377 1007.7610 1429 1034.2975 1481 1060.1807 1533 1085.4267

1274 953.2049 1326 981.0844 1378 1008.2776 1430 1034.8014 1482 1060.6722 1534 1085.9061

1275 953.7476 1327 981.6138 1379 1008.7939 1431 1035.3050 1483 1061.1634 1535 1086.3852

1276 954.2901 1328 982.1429 1380 1009.3100 1432 1035.8084 1484 1061.6544 1536 1086.8641

1277 954.8323 1329 982.6718 1381 1009.8259 1433 1036.3115 1485 1062.1451 1537 1087.3428

1278 955.3743 1330 983.2004 1382 1010.3414 1434 1036.8144 1486 1062.6356 1538 1087.8212

1279 955.9159 1331 983.7287 1383 1010.8568 1435 1037.3170 1487 1063.1259 1539 1088.2994

1280 956.4574 1332 984.2568 1384 1011.3719 1436 1037.8195 1488 1063.6160 1540 1088.7774

1281 956.9985 1333 984.7846 1385 1011.8867 1437 1038.3216 1489 1064.1058 1541 1089.2552

1282 957.5394 1334 985.3122 1386 1012.4013 1438 1038.8236 1490 1064.5954 1542 1089.7327

1283 958.0801 1335 985.8396 1387 1012.9157 1439 1039.3253 1491 1065.0847 1543 1090.2100

1284 958.6205 1336 986.3667 1388 1013.4298 1440 1039.8267 1492 1065.5738 1544 1090.6871

1285 959.1606 1337 986.8935 1389 1013.9437 1441 1040.3279 1493 1066.0627 1545 1091.1639

1286 959.7005 1338 987.4201 1390 1014.4573 1442 1040.8289 1494 1066.5513 1546 1091.6405

1287 960.2401 1339 987.9464 1391 1014.9706 1443 1041.3296 1495 1067.0397 1547 1092.1169

1288 960.7794 1340 988.4725 1392 1015.4838 1444 1041.8301 1496 1067.5279 1548 1092.5931

1289 961.3185 1341 988.9983 1393 1015.9966 1445 1042.3304 1497 1068.0158 1549 1093.0690

1290 961.8574 1342 989.5239 1394 1016.5093 1446 1042.8304 1498 1068.5035 1550 1093.5447

1291 962.3959 1343 990.0492 1395 1017.0217 1447 1043.3302 1499 1068.9910 1551 1094.0201

1292 962.9343 1344 990.5742 1396 1017.5338 1448 1043.8297 1500 1069.4782 1552 1094.4954

1293 963.4723 1345 991.0991 1397 1018.0457 1449 1044.3290 1501 1069.9652 1553 1094.9704

1294 964.0101 1346 991.6236 1398 1018.5574 1450 1044.8280 1502 1070.4520 1554 1095.4452

1295 964.5477 1347 992.1479 1399 1019.0688 1451 1045.3269 1503 1070.9386 1555 1095.9197

1296 965.0850 1348 992.6720 1400 1019.5799 1452 1045.8254 1504 1071.4249 1556 1096.3941

1297 965.6220 1349 993.1958 1401 1020.0908 1453 1046.3238 1505 1071.9109 1557 1096.8682

1298 966.1588 1350 993.7194 1402 1020.6015 1454 1046.8219 1506 1072.3968 1558 1097.3421

1299 966.6953 1351 994.2427 1403 1021.1119 1455 1047.3197 1507 1072.8824 1559 1097.8157

1300 967.2315 1352 994.7657 1404 1021.6221 1456 1047.8174 1508 1073.3677 1560 1098.2891



1561 1098.7623 1613 1123.0586 1665 1146.7567 1717 1169.8715 1769 1192.4172 1821 1214.4079

1562 1099.2353 1614 1123.5199 1666 1147.2067 1718 1170.3104 1770 1192.8453 1822 1214.8254

1563 1099.7080 1615 1123.9810 1667 1147.6564 1719 1170.7490 1771 1193.2731 1823 1215.2428

1564 1100.1806 1616 1124.4419 1668 1148.1060 1720 1171.1875 1772 1193.7008 1824 1215.6599

1565 1100.6528 1617 1124.9026 1669 1148.5553 1721 1171.6258 1773 1194.1283 1825 1216.0769

1566 1101.1249 1618 1125.3630 1670 1149.0044 1722 1172.0638 1774 1194.5556 1826 1216.4936

1567 1101.5967 1619 1125.8232 1671 1149.4533 1723 1172.5017 1775 1194.9826 1827 1216.9102

1568 1102.0684 1620 1126.2832 1672 1149.9020 1724 1172.9393 1776 1195.4095 1828 1217.3265

1569 1102.5397 1621 1126.7430 1673 1150.3504 1725 1173.3767 1777 1195.8361 1829 1217.7427

1570 1103.0109 1622 1127.2026 1674 1150.7987 1726 1173.8139 1778 1196.2626 1830 1218.1586

1571 1103.4818 1623 1127.6619 1675 1151.2467 1727 1174.2509 1779 1196.6888 1831 1218.5744

1572 1103.9525 1624 1128.1210 1676 1151.6945 1728 1174.6877 1780 1197.1149 1832 1218.9899

1573 1104.4230 1625 1128.5799 1677 1152.1421 1729 1175.1243 1781 1197.5407 1833 1219.4053

1574 1104.8933 1626 1129.0386 1678 1152.5895 1730 1175.5607 1782 1197.9663 1834 1219.8204

1575 1105.3633 1627 1129.4971 1679 1153.0367 1731 1175.9968 1783 1198.3918 1835 1220.2354

1576 1105.8331 1628 1129.9553 1680 1153.4837 1732 1176.4328 1784 1198.8170 1836 1220.6502

1577 1106.3027 1629 1130.4133 1681 1153.9304 1733 1176.8686 1785 1199.2420 1837 1221.0647

1578 1106.7721 1630 1130.8711 1682 1154.3769 1734 1177.3041 1786 1199.6668 1838 1221.4791

1579 1107.2412 1631 1131.3287 1683 1154.8233 1735 1177.7394 1787 1200.0915 1839 1221.8932

1580 1107.7101 1632 1131.7861 1684 1155.2694 1736 1178.1745 1788 1200.5159 1840 1222.3072

1581 1108.1788 1633 1132.2432 1685 1155.7152 1737 1178.6095 1789 1200.9401 1841 1222.7210

1582 1108.6472 1634 1132.7001 1686 1156.1609 1738 1179.0442 1790 1201.3641 1842 1223.1345

1583 1109.1155 1635 1133.1568 1687 1156.6064 1739 1179.4787 1791 1201.7879 1843 1223.5479

1584 1109.5835 1636 1133.6133 1688 1157.0516 1740 1179.9129 1792 1202.2115 1844 1223.9611

1585 1110.0513 1637 1134.0696 1689 1157.4967 1741 1180.3470 1793 1202.6349 1845 1224.3740

1586 1110.5188 1638 1134.5256 1690 1157.9415 1742 1180.7809 1794 1203.0581 1846 1224.7868

1587 1110.9862 1639 1134.9815 1691 1158.3861 1743 1181.2146 1795 1203.4810 1847 1225.1994

1588 1111.4533 1640 1135.4371 1692 1158.8305 1744 1181.6480 1796 1203.9038 1848 1225.6118

1589 1111.9202 1641 1135.8925 1693 1159.2747 1745 1182.0813 1797 1204.3264 1849 1226.0239

1590 1112.3868 1642 1136.3477 1694 1159.7187 1746 1182.5143 1798 1204.7488 1850 1226.4359

1591 1112.8533 1643 1136.8026 1695 1160.1624 1747 1182.9471 1799 1205.1710 1851 1226.8477

1592 1113.3195 1644 1137.2574 1696 1160.6060 1748 1183.3798 1800 1205.5929 1852 1227.2593

1593 1113.7855 1645 1137.7119 1697 1161.0493 1749 1183.8122 1801 1206.0147 1853 1227.6707

1594 1114.2512 1646 1138.1662 1698 1161.4924 1750 1184.2444 1802 1206.4363 1854 1228.0819

1595 1114.7168 1647 1138.6203 1699 1161.9353 1751 1184.6764 1803 1206.8577 1855 1228.4929

1596 1115.1821 1648 1139.0741 1700 1162.3780 1752 1185.1082 1804 1207.2788 1856 1228.9037

1597 1115.6472 1649 1139.5278 1701 1162.8205 1753 1185.5398 1805 1207.6998 1857 1229.3143

1598 1116.1121 1650 1139.9812 1702 1163.2628 1754 1185.9712 1806 1208.1206 1858 1229.7247

1599 1116.5767 1651 1140.4344 1703 1163.7048 1755 1186.4024 1807 1208.5411 1859 1230.1349

1600 1117.0412 1652 1140.8874 1704 1164.1467 1756 1186.8333 1808 1208.9615 1860 1230.5449

1601 1117.5054 1653 1141.3402 1705 1164.5883 1757 1187.2641 1809 1209.3816 1861 1230.9547

1602 1117.9694 1654 1141.7928 1706 1165.0297 1758 1187.6946 1810 1209.8016 1862 1231.3643

1603 1118.4331 1655 1142.2451 1707 1165.4709 1759 1188.1250 1811 1210.2214 1863 1231.7738

1604 1118.8967 1656 1142.6973 1708 1165.9119 1760 1188.5551 1812 1210.6409 1864 1232.1830

1605 1119.3600 1657 1143.1492 1709 1166.3527 1761 1188.9851 1813 1211.0603 1865 1232.5920

1606 1119.8231 1658 1143.6009 1710 1166.7933 1762 1189.4148 1814 1211.4794 1866 1233.0009

1607 1120.2860 1659 1144.0524 1711 1167.2337 1763 1189.8443 1815 1211.8984 1867 1233.4095

1608 1120.7486 1660 1144.5036 1712 1167.6738 1764 1190.2737 1816 1212.3171 1868 1233.8179

1609 1121.2111 1661 1144.9547 1713 1168.1138 1765 1190.7028 1817 1212.7357 1869 1234.2262

1610 1121.6733 1662 1145.4055 1714 1168.5535 1766 1191.1317 1818 1213.1540 1870 1234.6342

1611 1122.1353 1663 1145.8561 1715 1168.9930 1767 1191.5604 1819 1213.5722 1871 1235.0421

1612 1122.5970 1664 1146.3065 1716 1169.4324 1768 1191.9889 1820 1213.9901 1872 1235.4498



1873 1235.8572 1925 1256.7785 1977 1277.1848 2029 1297.0888 2081 1316.5027 2133 1335.4388

1874 1236.2645 1926 1257.1758 1978 1277.5723 2030 1297.4667 2082 1316.8714 2134 1335.7983

1875 1236.6716 1927 1257.5728 1979 1277.9596 2031 1297.8444 2083 1317.2398 2135 1336.1577

1876 1237.0785 1928 1257.9697 1980 1278.3467 2032 1298.2220 2084 1317.6081 2136 1336.5169

1877 1237.4851 1929 1258.3664 1981 1278.7336 2033 1298.5994 2085 1317.9762 2137 1336.8759

1878 1237.8916 1930 1258.7629 1982 1279.1203 2034 1298.9766 2086 1318.3441 2138 1337.2348

1879 1238.2979 1931 1259.1592 1983 1279.5068 2035 1299.3536 2087 1318.7118 2139 1337.5935

1880 1238.7040 1932 1259.5553 1984 1279.8932 2036 1299.7305 2088 1319.0794 2140 1337.9520

1881 1239.1099 1933 1259.9512 1985 1280.2794 2037 1300.1071 2089 1319.4468 2141 1338.3103

1882 1239.5156 1934 1260.3469 1986 1280.6653 2038 1300.4836 2090 1319.8140 2142 1338.6685

1883 1239.9212 1935 1260.7424 1987 1281.0511 2039 1300.8599 2091 1320.1810 2143 1339.0265

1884 1240.3265 1936 1261.1378 1988 1281.4368 2040 1301.2360 2092 1320.5479 2144 1339.3843

1885 1240.7316 1937 1261.5329 1989 1281.8222 2041 1301.6120 2093 1320.9146 2145 1339.7420

1886 1241.1365 1938 1261.9279 1990 1282.2074 2042 1301.9877 2094 1321.2811 2146 1340.0995

1887 1241.5413 1939 1262.3227 1991 1282.5925 2043 1302.3633 2095 1321.6474 2147 1340.4568

1888 1241.9458 1940 1262.7173 1992 1282.9774 2044 1302.7387 2096 1322.0136 2148 1340.8139

1889 1242.3502 1941 1263.1117 1993 1283.3620 2045 1303.1139 2097 1322.3795 2149 1341.1709

1890 1242.7543 1942 1263.5059 1994 1283.7466 2046 1303.4890 2098 1322.7454 2150 1341.5277

1891 1243.1583 1943 1263.8999 1995 1284.1309 2047 1303.8638 2099 1323.1110 2151 1341.8843

1892 1243.5621 1944 1264.2937 1996 1284.5150 2048 1304.2385 2100 1323.4764 2152 1342.2408

1893 1243.9657 1945 1264.6874 1997 1284.8990 2049 1304.6130 2101 1323.8417 2153 1342.5971

1894 1244.3690 1946 1265.0808 1998 1285.2827 2050 1304.9873 2102 1324.2068 2154 1342.9532

1895 1244.7722 1947 1265.4741 1999 1285.6663 2051 1305.3615 2103 1324.5718 2155 1343.3092

1896 1245.1752 1948 1265.8672 2000 1286.0497 2052 1305.7354 2104 1324.9365 2156 1343.6649

1897 1245.5780 1949 1266.2601 2001 1286.4329 2053 1306.1092 2105 1325.3011 2157 1344.0205

1898 1245.9807 1950 1266.6528 2002 1286.8160 2054 1306.4828 2106 1325.6655 2158 1344.3760

1899 1246.3831 1951 1267.0453 2003 1287.1988 2055 1306.8562 2107 1326.0297 2159 1344.7312

1900 1246.7853 1952 1267.4376 2004 1287.5815 2056 1307.2295 2108 1326.3938 2160 1345.0863

1901 1247.1873 1953 1267.8297 2005 1287.9640 2057 1307.6026 2109 1326.7577 2161 1345.4413

1902 1247.5892 1954 1268.2217 2006 1288.3463 2058 1307.9754 2110 1327.1214 2162 1345.7960

1903 1247.9908 1955 1268.6134 2007 1288.7284 2059 1308.3481 2111 1327.4849 2163 1346.1506

1904 1248.3923 1956 1269.0050 2008 1289.1103 2060 1308.7207 2112 1327.8483 2164 1346.5050

1905 1248.7935 1957 1269.3964 2009 1289.4921 2061 1309.0930 2113 1328.2115 2165 1346.8593

1906 1249.1946 1958 1269.7876 2010 1289.8736 2062 1309.4652 2114 1328.5745 2166 1347.2133

1907 1249.5955 1959 1270.1786 2011 1290.2550 2063 1309.8372 2115 1328.9373 2167 1347.5672

1908 1249.9962 1960 1270.5694 2012 1290.6362 2064 1310.2090 2116 1329.3000 2168 1347.9210

1909 1250.3967 1961 1270.9601 2013 1291.0172 2065 1310.5807 2117 1329.6625 2169 1348.2745

1910 1250.7970 1962 1271.3505 2014 1291.3981 2066 1310.9521 2118 1330.0248 2170 1348.6279

1911 1251.1971 1963 1271.7408 2015 1291.7787 2067 1311.3234 2119 1330.3869 2171 1348.9812

1912 1251.5970 1964 1272.1308 2016 1292.1592 2068 1311.6945 2120 1330.7489 2172 1349.3342

1913 1251.9967 1965 1272.5207 2017 1292.5395 2069 1312.0654 2121 1331.1107 2173 1349.6871

1914 1252.3963 1966 1272.9104 2018 1292.9196 2070 1312.4362 2122 1331.4723 2174 1350.0398

1915 1252.7956 1967 1273.2999 2019 1293.2995 2071 1312.8068 2123 1331.8338 2175 1350.3924

1916 1253.1948 1968 1273.6893 2020 1293.6793 2072 1313.1772 2124 1332.1951 2176 1350.7448

1917 1253.5937 1969 1274.0784 2021 1294.0588 2073 1313.5474 2125 1332.5562 2177 1351.0970

1918 1253.9925 1970 1274.4674 2022 1294.4382 2074 1313.9174 2126 1332.9171 2178 1351.4490

1919 1254.3911 1971 1274.8561 2023 1294.8174 2075 1314.2873 2127 1333.2778 2179 1351.8009

1920 1254.7895 1972 1275.2447 2024 1295.1964 2076 1314.6570 2128 1333.6384 2180 1352.1526

1921 1255.1877 1973 1275.6331 2025 1295.5753 2077 1315.0265 2129 1333.9988 2181 1352.5042

1922 1255.5857 1974 1276.0213 2026 1295.9539 2078 1315.3958 2130 1334.3591 2182 1352.8555

1923 1255.9835 1975 1276.4093 2027 1296.3324 2079 1315.7650 2131 1334.7191 2183 1353.2067

1924 1256.3811 1976 1276.7972 2028 1296.7107 2080 1316.1339 2132 1335.0790 2184 1353.5578



2185 1353.9086 2237 1371.9238 2289 1389.4955 2341 1406.6347 2393 1423.3519 2445 1439.6576

2186 1354.2593 2238 1372.2659 2290 1389.8292 2342 1406.9601 2394 1423.6693 2446 1439.9672

2187 1354.6099 2239 1372.6078 2291 1390.1627 2343 1407.2854 2395 1423.9866 2447 1440.2766

2188 1354.9602 2240 1372.9495 2292 1390.4960 2344 1407.6105 2396 1424.3037 2448 1440.5859

2189 1355.3104 2241 1373.2911 2293 1390.8291 2345 1407.9355 2397 1424.6206 2449 1440.8951

2190 1355.6604 2242 1373.6325 2294 1391.1622 2346 1408.2603 2398 1424.9375 2450 1441.2041

2191 1356.0103 2243 1373.9738 2295 1391.4950 2347 1408.5849 2399 1425.2541 2451 1441.5130

2192 1356.3600 2244 1374.3148 2296 1391.8277 2348 1408.9094 2400 1425.5706 2452 1441.8217

2193 1356.7095 2245 1374.6558 2297 1392.1602 2349 1409.2337 2401 1425.8870 2453 1442.1302

2194 1357.0589 2246 1374.9965 2298 1392.4926 2350 1409.5579 2402 1426.2032 2454 1442.4387

2195 1357.4081 2247 1375.3371 2299 1392.8248 2351 1409.8820 2403 1426.5192 2455 1442.7469

2196 1357.7571 2248 1375.6775 2300 1393.1568 2352 1410.2058 2404 1426.8351 2456 1443.0551

2197 1358.1059 2249 1376.0178 2301 1393.4887 2353 1410.5296 2405 1427.1509 2457 1443.3630

2198 1358.4546 2250 1376.3579 2302 1393.8204 2354 1410.8531 2406 1427.4665 2458 1443.6709

2199 1358.8031 2251 1376.6978 2303 1394.1520 2355 1411.1765 2407 1427.7819 2459 1443.9785

2200 1359.1515 2252 1377.0376 2304 1394.4834 2356 1411.4998 2408 1428.0972 2460 1444.2861

2201 1359.4997 2253 1377.3772 2305 1394.8147 2357 1411.8229 2409 1428.4124 2461 1444.5935

2202 1359.8477 2254 1377.7167 2306 1395.1458 2358 1412.1458 2410 1428.7274 2462 1444.9007

2203 1360.1955 2255 1378.0560 2307 1395.4767 2359 1412.4686 2411 1429.0422 2463 1445.2078

2204 1360.5432 2256 1378.3951 2308 1395.8075 2360 1412.7912 2412 1429.3569 2464 1445.5147

2205 1360.8907 2257 1378.7341 2309 1396.1381 2361 1413.1137 2413 1429.6714 2465 1445.8215

2206 1361.2381 2258 1379.0729 2310 1396.4686 2362 1413.4360 2414 1429.9858 2466 1446.1282

2207 1361.5853 2259 1379.4115 2311 1396.7989 2363 1413.7582 2415 1430.3001 2467 1446.4347

2208 1361.9323 2260 1379.7500 2312 1397.1290 2364 1414.0802 2416 1430.6142 2468 1446.7411

2209 1362.2792 2261 1380.0883 2313 1397.4590 2365 1414.4021 2417 1430.9281 2469 1447.0473

2210 1362.6258 2262 1380.4264 2314 1397.7888 2366 1414.7238 2418 1431.2419 2470 1447.3533

2211 1362.9724 2263 1380.7644 2315 1398.1185 2367 1415.0454 2419 1431.5555 2471 1447.6592

2212 1363.3187 2264 1381.1023 2316 1398.4480 2368 1415.3668 2420 1431.8690 2472 1447.9650

2213 1363.6649 2265 1381.4399 2317 1398.7774 2369 1415.6880 2421 1432.1823 2473 1448.2706

2214 1364.0109 2266 1381.7774 2318 1399.1066 2370 1416.0091 2422 1432.4955 2474 1448.5761

2215 1364.3568 2267 1382.1148 2319 1399.4356 2371 1416.3300 2423 1432.8086 2475 1448.8814

2216 1364.7025 2268 1382.4519 2320 1399.7645 2372 1416.6508 2424 1433.1215 2476 1449.1866

2217 1365.0480 2269 1382.7890 2321 1400.0932 2373 1416.9714 2425 1433.4342 2477 1449.4917

2218 1365.3934 2270 1383.1258 2322 1400.4218 2374 1417.2919 2426 1433.7468 2478 1449.7966

2219 1365.7385 2271 1383.4625 2323 1400.7502 2375 1417.6122 2427 1434.0592 2479 1450.1013

2220 1366.0836 2272 1383.7991 2324 1401.0784 2376 1417.9324 2428 1434.3715 2480 1450.4059

2221 1366.4284 2273 1384.1354 2325 1401.4065 2377 1418.2524 2429 1434.6836 2481 1450.7104

2222 1366.7731 2274 1384.4716 2326 1401.7344 2378 1418.5723 2430 1434.9956 2482 1451.0147

2223 1367.1177 2275 1384.8077 2327 1402.0622 2379 1418.8920 2431 1435.3075 2483 1451.3188

2224 1367.4620 2276 1385.1436 2328 1402.3898 2380 1419.2116 2432 1435.6192 2484 1451.6228

2225 1367.8062 2277 1385.4793 2329 1402.7173 2381 1419.5310 2433 1435.9307 2485 1451.9267

2226 1368.1503 2278 1385.8149 2330 1403.0446 2382 1419.8502 2434 1436.2421 2486 1452.2304

2227 1368.4942 2279 1386.1503 2331 1403.3718 2383 1420.1693 2435 1436.5533 2487 1452.5340

2228 1368.8379 2280 1386.4855 2332 1403.6988 2384 1420.4883 2436 1436.8644 2488 1452.8375

2229 1369.1814 2281 1386.8206 2333 1404.0256 2385 1420.8070 2437 1437.1754 2489 1453.1407

2230 1369.5248 2282 1387.1555 2334 1404.3523 2386 1421.1257 2438 1437.4862 2490 1453.4439

2231 1369.8680 2283 1387.4903 2335 1404.6788 2387 1421.4442 2439 1437.7968 2491 1453.7469

2232 1370.2110 2284 1387.8249 2336 1405.0052 2388 1421.7625 2440 1438.1073 2492 1454.0497

2233 1370.5539 2285 1388.1594 2337 1405.3314 2389 1422.0807 2441 1438.4177 2493 1454.3524

2234 1370.8966 2286 1388.4936 2338 1405.6574 2390 1422.3987 2442 1438.7279 2494 1454.6550

2235 1371.2392 2287 1388.8278 2339 1405.9833 2391 1422.7166 2443 1439.0379 2495 1454.9574

2236 1371.5816 2288 1389.1617 2340 1406.3091 2392 1423.0343 2444 1439.3478 2496 1455.2597



2497 1455.5618 2549 1471.0746 2601 1486.2054 2653 1500.9638 2705 1515.3589 2757 1529.3996

2498 1455.8638 2550 1471.3691 2602 1486.4927 2654 1501.2441 2706 1515.6322 2758 1529.6662

2499 1456.1657 2551 1471.6635 2603 1486.7799 2655 1501.5241 2707 1515.9054 2759 1529.9327

2500 1456.4673 2552 1471.9578 2604 1487.0669 2656 1501.8041 2708 1516.1785 2760 1530.1990

2501 1456.7689 2553 1472.2519 2605 1487.3538 2657 1502.0839 2709 1516.4514 2761 1530.4652

2502 1457.0703 2554 1472.5459 2606 1487.6406 2658 1502.3636 2710 1516.7242 2762 1530.7313

2503 1457.3716 2555 1472.8398 2607 1487.9272 2659 1502.6432 2711 1516.9969 2763 1530.9973

2504 1457.6727 2556 1473.1335 2608 1488.2136 2660 1502.9226 2712 1517.2694 2764 1531.2631

2505 1457.9736 2557 1473.4270 2609 1488.5000 2661 1503.2019 2713 1517.5418 2765 1531.5288

2506 1458.2745 2558 1473.7204 2610 1488.7862 2662 1503.4810 2714 1517.8141 2766 1531.7944

2507 1458.5752 2559 1474.0137 2611 1489.0722 2663 1503.7600 2715 1518.0863 2767 1532.0598

2508 1458.8757 2560 1474.3069 2612 1489.3582 2664 1504.0389 2716 1518.3583 2768 1532.3252

2509 1459.1761 2561 1474.5999 2613 1489.6439 2665 1504.3177 2717 1518.6302 2769 1532.5904

2510 1459.4763 2562 1474.8927 2614 1489.9296 2666 1504.5963 2718 1518.9019 2770 1532.8554

2511 1459.7764 2563 1475.1854 2615 1490.2151 2667 1504.8748 2719 1519.1736 2771 1533.1204

2512 1460.0764 2564 1475.4780 2616 1490.5005 2668 1505.1531 2720 1519.4451 2772 1533.3852

2513 1460.3762 2565 1475.7705 2617 1490.7857 2669 1505.4314 2721 1519.7164 2773 1533.6499

2514 1460.6759 2566 1476.0628 2618 1491.0708 2670 1505.7094 2722 1519.9877 2774 1533.9144

2515 1460.9754 2567 1476.3549 2619 1491.3558 2671 1505.9874 2723 1520.2588 2775 1534.1789

2516 1461.2748 2568 1476.6469 2620 1491.6406 2672 1506.2652 2724 1520.5298 2776 1534.4432

2517 1461.5741 2569 1476.9388 2621 1491.9253 2673 1506.5429 2725 1520.8006 2777 1534.7074

2518 1461.8732 2570 1477.2306 2622 1492.2099 2674 1506.8204 2726 1521.0713 2778 1534.9714

2519 1462.1721 2571 1477.5222 2623 1492.4943 2675 1507.0979 2727 1521.3419 2779 1535.2353

2520 1462.4709 2572 1477.8136 2624 1492.7786 2676 1507.3752 2728 1521.6124 2780 1535.4991

2521 1462.7696 2573 1478.1049 2625 1493.0627 2677 1507.6523 2729 1521.8827 2781 1535.7628

2522 1463.0682 2574 1478.3961 2626 1493.3467 2678 1507.9293 2730 1522.1529 2782 1536.0264

2523 1463.3665 2575 1478.6872 2627 1493.6306 2679 1508.2062 2731 1522.4230 2783 1536.2898

2524 1463.6648 2576 1478.9781 2628 1493.9144 2680 1508.4830 2732 1522.6929 2784 1536.5531

2525 1463.9629 2577 1479.2688 2629 1494.1980 2681 1508.7596 2733 1522.9627 2785 1536.8163

2526 1464.2608 2578 1479.5594 2630 1494.4814 2682 1509.0361 2734 1523.2324 2786 1537.0793

2527 1464.5587 2579 1479.8499 2631 1494.7648 2683 1509.3124 2735 1523.5020 2787 1537.3422

2528 1464.8563 2580 1480.1403 2632 1495.0480 2684 1509.5887 2736 1523.7714 2788 1537.6050

2529 1465.1539 2581 1480.4305 2633 1495.3310 2685 1509.8648 2737 1524.0407 2789 1537.8677

2530 1465.4512 2582 1480.7205 2634 1495.6139 2686 1510.1407 2738 1524.3099 2790 1538.1302

2531 1465.7485 2583 1481.0105 2635 1495.8967 2687 1510.4165 2739 1524.5789 2791 1538.3926

2532 1466.0456 2584 1481.3003 2636 1496.1794 2688 1510.6922 2740 1524.8478 2792 1538.6549

2533 1466.3425 2585 1481.5899 2637 1496.4619 2689 1510.9678 2741 1525.1166 2793 1538.9171

2534 1466.6394 2586 1481.8794 2638 1496.7443 2690 1511.2432 2742 1525.3852 2794 1539.1791

2535 1466.9360 2587 1482.1688 2639 1497.0265 2691 1511.5185 2743 1525.6538 2795 1539.4410

2536 1467.2326 2588 1482.4580 2640 1497.3086 2692 1511.7937 2744 1525.9222 2796 1539.7028

2537 1467.5290 2589 1482.7471 2641 1497.5906 2693 1512.0687 2745 1526.1904 2797 1539.9645

2538 1467.8252 2590 1483.0361 2642 1497.8725 2694 1512.3436 2746 1526.4586 2798 1540.2260

2539 1468.1213 2591 1483.3249 2643 1498.1542 2695 1512.6184 2747 1526.7266 2799 1540.4874

2540 1468.4173 2592 1483.6136 2644 1498.4357 2696 1512.8930 2748 1526.9945 2800 1540.7487

2541 1468.7131 2593 1483.9021 2645 1498.7172 2697 1513.1676 2749 1527.2622 2801 1541.0099

2542 1469.0088 2594 1484.1905 2646 1498.9985 2698 1513.4419 2750 1527.5298 2802 1541.2709

2543 1469.3043 2595 1484.4788 2647 1499.2797 2699 1513.7162 2751 1527.7973 2803 1541.5318

2544 1469.5997 2596 1484.7669 2648 1499.5607 2700 1513.9903 2752 1528.0647 2804 1541.7926

2545 1469.8950 2597 1485.0549 2649 1499.8416 2701 1514.2643 2753 1528.3319 2805 1542.0533

2546 1470.1901 2598 1485.3427 2650 1500.1223 2702 1514.5381 2754 1528.5990 2806 1542.3138

2547 1470.4851 2599 1485.6304 2651 1500.4030 2703 1514.8118 2755 1528.8660 2807 1542.5742

2548 1470.7799 2600 1485.9180 2652 1500.6835 2704 1515.0854 2756 1529.1329 2808 1542.8345



2809 1543.0946 2861 1556.4526 2913 1569.4816 2965 1582.1900 3017 1594.5855 3069 1606.6758

2810 1543.3547 2862 1556.7062 2914 1569.7290 2966 1582.4313 3018 1594.8208 3070 1606.9054

2811 1543.6146 2863 1556.9597 2915 1569.9763 2967 1582.6725 3019 1595.0561 3071 1607.1348

2812 1543.8744 2864 1557.2131 2916 1570.2235 2968 1582.9135 3020 1595.2912 3072 1607.3642

2813 1544.1340 2865 1557.4664 2917 1570.4705 2969 1583.1545 3021 1595.5262 3073 1607.5934

2814 1544.3936 2866 1557.7195 2918 1570.7174 2970 1583.3953 3022 1595.7611 3074 1607.8225

2815 1544.6530 2867 1557.9725 2919 1570.9642 2971 1583.6360 3023 1595.9959 3075 1608.0516

2816 1544.9123 2868 1558.2255 2920 1571.2109 2972 1583.8766 3024 1596.2306 3076 1608.2805

2817 1545.1714 2869 1558.4782 2921 1571.4574 2973 1584.1171 3025 1596.4652 3077 1608.5093

2818 1545.4305 2870 1558.7309 2922 1571.7039 2974 1584.3575 3026 1596.6996 3078 1608.7379

2819 1545.6894 2871 1558.9834 2923 1571.9502 2975 1584.5978 3027 1596.9340 3079 1608.9665

2820 1545.9482 2872 1559.2359 2924 1572.1964 2976 1584.8379 3028 1597.1682 3080 1609.1950

2821 1546.2069 2873 1559.4882 2925 1572.4425 2977 1585.0780 3029 1597.4023 3081 1609.4233

2822 1546.4654 2874 1559.7403 2926 1572.6885 2978 1585.3179 3030 1597.6364 3082 1609.6516

2823 1546.7238 2875 1559.9924 2927 1572.9343 2979 1585.5577 3031 1597.8703 3083 1609.8797

2824 1546.9821 2876 1560.2443 2928 1573.1801 2980 1585.7974 3032 1598.1040 3084 1610.1078

2825 1547.2403 2877 1560.4962 2929 1573.4257 2981 1586.0369 3033 1598.3377 3085 1610.3357

2826 1547.4983 2878 1560.7479 2930 1573.6712 2982 1586.2764 3034 1598.5713 3086 1610.5635

2827 1547.7563 2879 1560.9994 2931 1573.9166 2983 1586.5157 3035 1598.8047 3087 1610.7912

2828 1548.0141 2880 1561.2509 2932 1574.1618 2984 1586.7550 3036 1599.0381 3088 1611.0188

2829 1548.2717 2881 1561.5022 2933 1574.4070 2985 1586.9941 3037 1599.2713 3089 1611.2463

2830 1548.5293 2882 1561.7534 2934 1574.6520 2986 1587.2331 3038 1599.5044 3090 1611.4737

2831 1548.7867 2883 1562.0045 2935 1574.8969 2987 1587.4719 3039 1599.7374 3091 1611.7009

2832 1549.0440 2884 1562.2555 2936 1575.1417 2988 1587.7107 3040 1599.9703 3092 1611.9281

2833 1549.3012 2885 1562.5063 2937 1575.3864 2989 1587.9494 3041 1600.2031 3093 1612.1551

2834 1549.5583 2886 1562.7571 2938 1575.6310 2990 1588.1879 3042 1600.4357 3094 1612.3821

2835 1549.8152 2887 1563.0077 2939 1575.8754 2991 1588.4263 3043 1600.6683 3095 1612.6089

2836 1550.0720 2888 1563.2582 2940 1576.1197 2992 1588.6646 3044 1600.9007 3096 1612.8356

2837 1550.3287 2889 1563.5086 2941 1576.3639 2993 1588.9028 3045 1601.1331 3097 1613.0622

2838 1550.5853 2890 1563.7588 2942 1576.6080 2994 1589.1409 3046 1601.3653 3098 1613.2887

2839 1550.8417 2891 1564.0089 2943 1576.8520 2995 1589.3789 3047 1601.5974 3099 1613.5151

2840 1551.0981 2892 1564.2590 2944 1577.0959 2996 1589.6168 3048 1601.8294 3100 1613.7414

2841 1551.3543 2893 1564.5089 2945 1577.3396 2997 1589.8545 3049 1602.0613 3101 1613.9676

2842 1551.6103 2894 1564.7586 2946 1577.5832 2998 1590.0921 3050 1602.2931 3102 1614.1937

2843 1551.8663 2895 1565.0083 2947 1577.8267 2999 1590.3296 3051 1602.5247 3103 1614.4196

2844 1552.1221 2896 1565.2578 2948 1578.0701 3000 1590.5670 3052 1602.7563 3104 1614.6455

2845 1552.3778 2897 1565.5072 2949 1578.3134 3001 1590.8043 3053 1602.9877 3105 1614.8712

2846 1552.6334 2898 1565.7565 2950 1578.5566 3002 1591.0415 3054 1603.2191 3106 1615.0969

2847 1552.8889 2899 1566.0057 2951 1578.7996 3003 1591.2786 3055 1603.4503 3107 1615.3224

2848 1553.1442 2900 1566.2548 2952 1579.0425 3004 1591.5155 3056 1603.6814 3108 1615.5478

2849 1553.3995 2901 1566.5037 2953 1579.2853 3005 1591.7523 3057 1603.9124 3109 1615.7731

2850 1553.6545 2902 1566.7525 2954 1579.5280 3006 1591.9890 3058 1604.1433 3110 1615.9984

2851 1553.9095 2903 1567.0012 2955 1579.7706 3007 1592.2256 3059 1604.3741 3111 1616.2235

2852 1554.1644 2904 1567.2498 2956 1580.0131 3008 1592.4621 3060 1604.6048 3112 1616.4484

2853 1554.4191 2905 1567.4982 2957 1580.2554 3009 1592.6985 3061 1604.8353 3113 1616.6733

2854 1554.6737 2906 1567.7466 2958 1580.4976 3010 1592.9348 3062 1605.0658 3114 1616.8981

2855 1554.9282 2907 1567.9948 2959 1580.7397 3011 1593.1709 3063 1605.2961 3115 1617.1228

2856 1555.1826 2908 1568.2429 2960 1580.9817 3012 1593.4070 3064 1605.5263 3116 1617.3473

2857 1555.4368 2909 1568.4909 2961 1581.2236 3013 1593.6429 3065 1605.7564 3117 1617.5718

2858 1555.6909 2910 1568.7388 2962 1581.4654 3014 1593.8787 3066 1605.9864 3118 1617.7961

2859 1555.9449 2911 1568.9865 2963 1581.7070 3015 1594.1144 3067 1606.2163 3119 1618.0204

2860 1556.1988 2912 1569.2341 2964 1581.9486 3016 1594.3500 3068 1606.4461 3120 1618.2445



3121 1618.4685 3173 1629.9709 3225 1641.1902 3277 1652.1332 3329 1662.8069 3381 1673.2178

3122 1618.6924 3174 1630.1893 3226 1641.4032 3278 1652.3410 3330 1663.0095 3382 1673.4155

3123 1618.9162 3175 1630.4076 3227 1641.6161 3279 1652.5487 3331 1663.2121 3383 1673.6130

3124 1619.1399 3176 1630.6258 3228 1641.8289 3280 1652.7563 3332 1663.4146 3384 1673.8105

3125 1619.3635 3177 1630.8439 3229 1642.0416 3281 1652.9637 3333 1663.6170 3385 1674.0079

3126 1619.5870 3178 1631.0619 3230 1642.2543 3282 1653.1711 3334 1663.8192 3386 1674.2052

3127 1619.8104 3179 1631.2798 3231 1642.4668 3283 1653.3784 3335 1664.0214 3387 1674.4024

3128 1620.0337 3180 1631.4975 3232 1642.6792 3284 1653.5856 3336 1664.2235 3388 1674.5995

3129 1620.2568 3181 1631.7152 3233 1642.8915 3285 1653.7927 3337 1664.4255 3389 1674.7965

3130 1620.4799 3182 1631.9328 3234 1643.1037 3286 1653.9997 3338 1664.6274 3390 1674.9935

3131 1620.7028 3183 1632.1502 3235 1643.3158 3287 1654.2066 3339 1664.8292 3391 1675.1903

3132 1620.9257 3184 1632.3676 3236 1643.5278 3288 1654.4133 3340 1665.0309 3392 1675.3870

3133 1621.1484 3185 1632.5848 3237 1643.7397 3289 1654.6200 3341 1665.2325 3393 1675.5837

3134 1621.3710 3186 1632.8020 3238 1643.9515 3290 1654.8266 3342 1665.4340 3394 1675.7802

3135 1621.5936 3187 1633.0190 3239 1644.1632 3291 1655.0331 3343 1665.6354 3395 1675.9767

3136 1621.8160 3188 1633.2360 3240 1644.3748 3292 1655.2395 3344 1665.8367 3396 1676.1730

3137 1622.0383 3189 1633.4528 3241 1644.5863 3293 1655.4458 3345 1666.0379 3397 1676.3693

3138 1622.2605 3190 1633.6696 3242 1644.7977 3294 1655.6520 3346 1666.2390 3398 1676.5654

3139 1622.4826 3191 1633.8862 3243 1645.0090 3295 1655.8581 3347 1666.4401 3399 1676.7615

3140 1622.7046 3192 1634.1027 3244 1645.2202 3296 1656.0641 3348 1666.6410 3400 1676.9575

3141 1622.9265 3193 1634.3191 3245 1645.4313 3297 1656.2700 3349 1666.8418 3401 1677.1534

3142 1623.1483 3194 1634.5355 3246 1645.6423 3298 1656.4758 3350 1667.0425 3402 1677.3492

3143 1623.3699 3195 1634.7517 3247 1645.8532 3299 1656.6815 3351 1667.2432 3403 1677.5449

3144 1623.5915 3196 1634.9678 3248 1646.0640 3300 1656.8871 3352 1667.4437 3404 1677.7405

3145 1623.8130 3197 1635.1838 3249 1646.2747 3301 1657.0926 3353 1667.6442 3405 1677.9360

3146 1624.0343 3198 1635.3997 3250 1646.4853 3302 1657.2980 3354 1667.8445 3406 1678.1314

3147 1624.2556 3199 1635.6155 3251 1646.6958 3303 1657.5033 3355 1668.0448 3407 1678.3267

3148 1624.4767 3200 1635.8312 3252 1646.9062 3304 1657.7085 3356 1668.2449 3408 1678.5220

3149 1624.6977 3201 1636.0468 3253 1647.1165 3305 1657.9136 3357 1668.4450 3409 1678.7171

3150 1624.9187 3202 1636.2623 3254 1647.3266 3306 1658.1186 3358 1668.6449 3410 1678.9121

3151 1625.1395 3203 1636.4777 3255 1647.5367 3307 1658.3235 3359 1668.8448 3411 1679.1071

3152 1625.3602 3204 1636.6929 3256 1647.7467 3308 1658.5284 3360 1669.0446 3412 1679.3019

3153 1625.5808 3205 1636.9081 3257 1647.9566 3309 1658.7331 3361 1669.2443 3413 1679.4967

3154 1625.8013 3206 1637.1232 3258 1648.1664 3310 1658.9377 3362 1669.4438 3414 1679.6914

3155 1626.0217 3207 1637.3382 3259 1648.3761 3311 1659.1422 3363 1669.6433 3415 1679.8859

3156 1626.2420 3208 1637.5531 3260 1648.5856 3312 1659.3466 3364 1669.8427 3416 1680.0804

3157 1626.4622 3209 1637.7678 3261 1648.7951 3313 1659.5510 3365 1670.0420 3417 1680.2748

3158 1626.6823 3210 1637.9825 3262 1649.0045 3314 1659.7552 3366 1670.2412 3418 1680.4691

3159 1626.9023 3211 1638.1970 3263 1649.2138 3315 1659.9593 3367 1670.4403 3419 1680.6633

3160 1627.1221 3212 1638.4115 3264 1649.4230 3316 1660.1633 3368 1670.6393 3420 1680.8574

3161 1627.3419 3213 1638.6259 3265 1649.6320 3317 1660.3673 3369 1670.8382 3421 1681.0514

3162 1627.5616 3214 1638.8401 3266 1649.8410 3318 1660.5711 3370 1671.0371 3422 1681.2454

3163 1627.7811 3215 1639.0543 3267 1650.0499 3319 1660.7749 3371 1671.2358 3423 1681.4392

3164 1628.0006 3216 1639.2683 3268 1650.2587 3320 1660.9785 3372 1671.4344 3424 1681.6329

3165 1628.2199 3217 1639.4823 3269 1650.4674 3321 1661.1820 3373 1671.6329 3425 1681.8266

3166 1628.4392 3218 1639.6961 3270 1650.6759 3322 1661.3855 3374 1671.8314 3426 1682.0201

3167 1628.6583 3219 1639.9099 3271 1650.8844 3323 1661.5888 3375 1672.0297 3427 1682.2136

3168 1628.8773 3220 1640.1235 3272 1651.0928 3324 1661.7921 3376 1672.2280 3428 1682.4069

3169 1629.0963 3221 1640.3370 3273 1651.3011 3325 1661.9952 3377 1672.4261 3429 1682.6002

3170 1629.3151 3222 1640.5505 3274 1651.5093 3326 1662.1983 3378 1672.6242 3430 1682.7934

3171 1629.5338 3223 1640.7638 3275 1651.7173 3327 1662.4012 3379 1672.8221 3431 1682.9865

3172 1629.7524 3224 1640.9770 3276 1651.9253 3328 1662.6041 3380 1673.0200 3432 1683.1795



3433 1683.3724 3445 1685.6800 3457 1687.9744 3469 1690.2557 3481 1692.5239 3493 1694.7790

3434 1683.5652 3446 1685.8717 3458 1688.1651 3470 1690.4452 3482 1692.7123 3494 1694.9664

3435 1683.7579 3447 1686.0634 3459 1688.3556 3471 1690.6346 3483 1692.9006 3495 1695.1536

3436 1683.9505 3448 1686.2549 3460 1688.5460 3472 1690.8240 3484 1693.0889 3496 1695.3408

3437 1684.1431 3449 1686.4463 3461 1688.7363 3473 1691.0132 3485 1693.2770 3497 1695.5279

3438 1684.3355 3450 1686.6376 3462 1688.9266 3474 1691.2024 3486 1693.4651 3498 1695.7148

3439 1684.5279 3451 1686.8289 3463 1689.1167 3475 1691.3914 3487 1693.6531 3499 1695.9017

3440 1684.7201 3452 1687.0200 3464 1689.3068 3476 1691.5804 3488 1693.8410 3500 1696.0886

3441 1684.9123 3453 1687.2111 3465 1689.4967 3477 1691.7693 3489 1694.0287

3442 1685.1044 3454 1687.4021 3466 1689.6866 3478 1691.9580 3490 1694.2164

3443 1685.2964 3455 1687.5930 3467 1689.8764 3479 1692.1467 3491 1694.4041

3444 1685.4882 3456 1687.7838 3468 1690.0661 3480 1692.3353 3492 1694.5916

Kentucky All Schedule

Prescription Electronic Reporting

An Update – Post House Bill 1

David R. Hopkins

KASPER Program Manager

Office of Inspector General

Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services

Kentucky Department of Workers Claims – Administrative Law Judges

April 15, 2013

Cabinet for Health and Family Services

Contents

• Controlled Substance Abuse and Pill Mills

• Provider Shopping

• An Update on the KASPER Program

• Legislative Changes Affecting Controlled

Substance Prescribing in Kentucky

• Controlled Substance Trends in Kentucky


KASPER

KASPER is Kentucky’s Prescription Monitoring Program (PMP). KASPER tracks Schedule II – V controlled substance prescriptions dispensed within the state as reported by pharmacies and other dispensers.

Enhanced KASPER (eKASPER) is the real-time web accessed database that provides a tool to help address the misuse, abuse and diversion of controlled pharmaceutical substances.

Controlled Substance Abuse

and Pill Mills

Controlled Substance Schedules

• Schedule I – Illegal Drugs – e.g. heroin, marijuana, etc.

• Schedule II – Most addictive legal drugs; high abuse potential – e.g. oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet), methylphenidate

(Ritalin), oxymorphone (Opana)

• Schedule III – Less abuse potential than I or II – e.g. hydrocodone combinations (Vicodin, Lortab)

• Schedule IV – Less abuse potential than III – e.g. benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium)

• Schedule V – least abuse potential – e.g. codeine containing cough mixtures



Misuse, Abuse, Diversion

• Misuse:

– When a schedule II – V substance is taken by an

individual for a non-medical reason.

• Abuse:

– When an individual repeatedly takes a schedule

II – V substance for a non-medical reason.

• Diversion:

– When a schedule II – V substance is acquired

and/or taken by an individual for whom the

medication was not prescribed.


A National Perspective

From 1992 to 2003 the 15.1 million Americans abusing controlled prescription drugs exceeded the combined number abusing:

– Cocaine (5.9 million), – Hallucinogens (4.0 million), – Inhalants (2.1 million), and – Heroin (.3 million).

Source: Under the Counter: The Diversion and Abuse of Controlled Prescription Drugs in

the U.S. Published by The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at

Columbia University (CASA), July 2005.

A National Perspective

• Opioid pain relievers involved in more than 15,000 deaths in the United States

• 1 in 20 people in the U.S. reported using prescription painkillers for nonmedical reasons in the last year

• Enough prescription painkillers were prescribed in 2010 to medicate every adult American around the clock for a month

Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Vitalsigns newsletter, November 2011.


ED Visits involving Narcotic Pain Relievers


Prescription Drug Abuse in Kentucky

• 6.6% of Kentuckians (ages 12+) have used prescription pain relievers for nonmedical reasons in past year. (KY tied for second in nation) – National average = 4.9%

• Kentucky prescription opioid pain reliever overdose death rate is 17.9 per 100,000 of population (KY ranks sixth in the nation) – National average is 11.9 per 100,000 of population

Source: Data from the 2007, 2008 and 2009 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health,

published by the U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA),

Center for Behavioral Statistics and Quality.


Opioid Analgesics Most Frequently Detected in Kentucky

Overdose Deaths 2006 - 2011

Source: Annual reports of the Office of the Kentucky Medical Examiner, compiled by Dr. Len Paulozzi, U.S.

Centers for Disease Control, 2012.


Generation Rx

• 19% of teens report abusing prescription medications to get high.

• 40% of teens agree that prescription medicines, even if not prescribed by a doctor, are safer than illegal drugs.

• 29% of teens believe prescription pain relievers are not addictive.

• 62% of teens say prescription pain relievers are easy to get from parents’ medicine cabinets

Source: 2005 Partnership Attitude Tracking Study on Teen Drug Abuse, The Partnership for a

Drug-Free America, May 16, 2006.


“Pharm Parties”

• Short for pharmaceutical party, often attended by teens and young adults.

• Bowls and baggies of random prescription drugs called “trail mix”.

• Collecting pills from the family medicine cabinet called “pharming”.

• Internet chat rooms are used to share “recipes” for getting high with prescription drugs. Reported by Donna Leinwand, USA Today, June 13, 2006


Addicted Newborns

• An estimated 13,539 addicted newborns in U.S. during 2009

– More than one baby every hour

• Addicted baby health care costs increased from $190 million on 2000 to $720 million in 2009

• Hospitalization of affected newborns in Kentucky

– from 29 in 2000 to 730 in 2011 (2,400% increase)

– From 470 in 2009 to 730 in 2011 (55% increase)

• Kentucky officials blame prescription drugs for the dramatic increase

Source: Laura Ungar, Soaring Increase in Addicted Infants, Louisville Courier-Journal, August 26, 2012


Hydrocodone

1. Source: www.drug-addiction.com, The Facts About Hydrocodone Addiction.

2. Source: 2008 Annual Report of the International Narcotics Control Board.

• DEA believes hydrocodone the most abused prescription drug in the U.S. 1

• Usage increased 400% in last 10 years

• Hydrocodone attributed ER visits increased 500% in last 10 years

• The U.S. has approximately 4.6% of the world’s population and consumes 99% of all the hydrocodone produced 2

• The “Cocktail”: hydrocodone, Xanax and Soma


Hydrocodone

Photo from Broadband DSLReports.com

http://www.dslreports.com/speak/slideshow/23634001?c=1507568&ret=L2ZvcnVtL3IyMzYxNTQ2My13aHktY2FudC1pLWZpbmQtdGhlLUVtaW5lbS1hbGJ1bS1jb3Zlci1hbnl3aGVyZQ==


Oxycodone

1. Source: 2008 Annual Report of the International Narcotics Control Board.

• Street names: OC, Oxies, Roxies, Oxycotton, Hillbilly Heroin, Blue

• Highly addictive opioid

• OxyContin, Percodan, Percocet

• > 79,000,000 doses dispensed in KY in 2011

• The U.S. consumes 83% of all the oxycodone produced 1


“Study Drugs”: Adderall & Ritalin

• Highly addictive amphetamine based stimulants used

to treat ADHD

– 2 - 4% of college students on ADHD medication (1)

– An estimated 5 – 10% of youth are misusing or abusing

ADHD medications (2)

• As many as 20% of college students have use

Adderall and Ritalin to study, write papers and take

exams (1)

– Most obtained from fellow students

– Pill prices increase during exam time

(1) Source: Adderall Used for Recreation and Study on UMass Campus, Michelle Williams, The

Massachusetts Collegian, December 7, 2010.

(2) Source: Dr. Timothy Wilens, Center of Addiction Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, August 15,

2012.


Fentanyl

• Synthetic opioid delivered via transdermal patch or lozenge 1 (fentanyl lollipops - Actiq)

• 50 to 100 percent more potent than morphine

• Patches stolen from nursing home patients

• Methods of abuse:1

• Applying multiple patches to the body at one time

• Eating or sucking on a patch

• Extracting the drug from a patch, mixing it with an alcohol solution, and injecting it with a hypodermic needle

1. Source: www.drug-addiction.com, Abuse of High-Potency Fentanyl Skin Patches

Linked to Hundreds of Deaths.

The Faces of Prescription

Drug Abuse


Jeff and Chris George

Photos from Palm Beach Post


Dr. Paul H. Volkman

Story: Bill Estep, Lexington Herald-Leader, February 14, 2012. AP Photo released by U.S.

Marshals Service (undated)


Care More Pain Management Clinic

Photo: Scott Utterback, Louisville Courier-Journal, January 25, 2012


Celebrities

Photos from The Internet Movie Database

http://www.imdb.com/rg/action-box-name/headshot/media/rm3360919040/nm0005261


Stevie Nicks

Photo from starpulse.com

http://www.starpulse.com/Music/Nicks,_Stevie/gallery/JTM-042642/


Heather Locklear

Photo from Huffpost Celebrity on Moviefone


Sarah McKinley

AP Photo


Dr. Dennis Sandlin

Associated Press Photo, The Mountain Eagle, December10, 2009


Tasha Parsons/Devin Parsons

Source: Decatur County Jail


Erica Hughes

Photo by Pam Spaulding, The Louisville Courier-Journal, November 30, 2009

Provider Shopping


Provider Shopping

Provider shopping is when controlled substances are acquired by deception.

Acts related to attempting to obtain a controlled substance, a prescription for a controlled substance or administration of a controlled substance, prohibited under KRS 218A.140 include:

• Knowingly misrepresenting or withholding information from a practitioner.

• Providing a false name or address.

• Knowingly making a false statement.

• Falsely representing to be authorized to obtain controlled substances.

• Presenting a prescription that was obtained in violation of the above.

• Affixing a false or forged label to a controlled substance receptacle.


Patient Behaviors Examples

Multiple providers of the same type 3 or more general practitioners, dentists, etc.

Dispensers and prescribers are in

different localities from each other

and the patient’s home address

Patient lives in Fayette county; prescriber in

Franklin county; dispenser in Jessamine county

Overlapping prescriptions of the

same drug from different prescriber

types

Oxycodone scripts from dentist, family physician,

and pain management doctor within 30 days

Excessive emergency room visits

for non-emergency issues

3 or more emergency room visits in a month for

chronic pain conditions

Requesting replacement for lost

medications regularly

Patient states that controlled substance is lost

and requests new prescription

Requesting early refills Patient requests early refills due to extended out-

of-state trip

Pressuring prescribers to prescribe

specific controlled substances for

the patient’s family members

Parent requests the pediatrician prescribe a

specific controlled substance for their child

stating that it is the only medication that works

Typical Provider Shopping Behaviors


Typical Provider Shopping Behaviors (Cont.)

Patient Behaviors Examples

Using multiple names, social

security numbers, addresses, etc.

Patient fills three scripts under three different

names

Seeking referrals to multiple pain

management clinics

Patient requests referrals to pain management

clinics without a specific diagnosis

Associating with others known to be

pharmaceutical controlled

substance provider shopping

Patient travels to clinic with another patient

exhibiting shopping behavior and requests

similar prescription

Self-mutilation Patient presents with potential self-inflicted

wound

Cash transactions Patient prefers to pay cash when insurance

available

Requesting partial dispensing of

controlled substance script

Patient requests half of the script and returns for

the rest within 72 hours

After-hour, weekend and holiday

calls for prescriptions

Patient calls prescriber at midnight on Friday to

request a controlled substance script

Three-Dimensional Cost Impact. . .

• Unnecessary, excessive or fraudulent prescriptions

• Related medical claims—legitimate or falsified

–Physician office visits & other treatments

–Diagnostic tests (imaging, nerve conduction)

–Emergency room/urgent care clinic exams/treatments

–Conditions caused by Rx abuse—e.g., liver damage/failure

–Treatment of affected family members

• Incalculable potential-liability cost

–Dangerous prescribers/prescription sellers

–Insured’s injury or death

–Insured’s injury of others

Rx for Peril, The Health Insurance Impact and Risks of Epidemic-Level Prescription Drug Diversion, William J.

Mahon, The Mahon Consulting Group, PMP Center of Excellence, Third Party Payer Meeting, December 3, 2012

Key Observations. . .

37

• Experts’ consensus: High-cost provider cases abound, but doctor

shopping is most common—and costly—form of diversion

– Aetna: 48% of member-fraud investigations involve Rx

• Low-cost cases??

– Natl. Assn. of Drug Diversion Investigators: Typical doctor-shopper sees 5 - 10 prescribers, costs payer $10,000 - $15,000/yr Rx + medical

– MEDCO, 2005: “High-utilization” members’ Rx costs 7x norm

• Sole focus on Rx costs overlooks the far-greater impact



WellPoint/Anthem BCBS of Virginia

100 members with multiple narcotic Rx scripts from 5 or more

sources in 90-day period:

•Prescribers: 689

•Pharmacies: 608

•Narcotic Scripts: 1,217

•Paid Narcotic Rx claims: $20,233

• Medical claims for same 100 members, same 90-day

period:

•Office visits: 4,131

•Outpatient Facility Visits: 958

•Total Medical Claim $: $832,172

• Average medical-to-Rx cost ratio: $41 to $1

• Full-year 100-member savings following intervention &

pharmacy restriction: $333,418



DEPPB Investigators


Duncan McCracken Chris Johnson

Amanda Ward

Laura Beth Wells

Jill Lee

Paula York

Carrie Gentry

DEPPB Phone Number: 502-564-7985

An Update on the KASPER Program

Status of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)

Research is current as of February 1, 2012

AK

AL

AR

CA

CO

ID

IL IN

IA

MN

MO

MT

NE

NV

ND

OH

OK

OR

TN

UT

WA

AZ

SD

NM

VA

WY MI

GA

KS

HI

TX

ME

MS

WI NY

PA

LA

KY

NC

SC

FL

NH

MA

RI

CT

NJ

DE

MD

DC

VT

WV

Operational PDMPs

Enacted PDMP legislation, but

program not yet operational

Legislation pending

GU

Status of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)

Research is current as of February 1, 2012

AK

AL

AR

CA

CO

ID

IL IN

IA

MN

MO

MT

NE

NV

ND

OH

OK

OR

TN

UT

WA

AZ

SD

NM

VA

WYMI

GA

KS

HI

TX

ME

MS

WINY

PA

LA

KY

NC

SC

FL

NH

MA

RI

CT

NJ

DE

MD

DC

VT

WV

Operational PDMPs

Enacted PDMP legislation, but

program not yet operational

Legislation pending

GU

2011 KASPER Reports Requested



KASPER Operation

• KASPER tracks most Schedule II – V substances dispensed in KY.

– Over 11 million controlled substance prescriptions reported to the system each year.

• KASPER data is 1 to 7 days old. – Dispensers have 7 days to report.

– Health Information Designs processes & provides data once per day.

• Reports available to authorized individuals. – Available via web typically within 15 seconds (90% of

requests).

– Available 24/7 from any PC with Web access.

2012 Controlled Substances Dispensed


9.31 10.06 10.27

11.12 11.41 11.73 11.17

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Nu

mb

er

of

Reco

rds

In

Milli

on

s

2012 KASPER Reports Requested


273 362 418 533

708 811

2,671

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Nu

mb

er

of

Rep

ort

s

In T

ho

us

an

ds


Top Prescribed Controlled Substances by

Therapeutic Category by Doses - 2012

Hydrocodone 41.5%

Lortab

Lorcet

Vicodin

Alprazolam 11.8%

Xanax

Tramadol 6.9%

Ultram

Oxycodone 15.9%

OxyContin

Percodan

Percocet

Clonazepam 6.6%

Klonopin

Diazepam 4.5%

Valium

Phentermine

2.4%

Adipex-P

Amphetamine

2.7%

Adderall

Zolpidem 3.5%

Ambien

Lorazepam 4.0%

Ativan


KASPER Stakeholders

• Licensing Boards – to investigate potential inappropriate prescribing by a licensee.

• Practitioners and Pharmacists – to review a current patient’s controlled substance prescription history for medical and/or pharmaceutical treatment.

• Law Enforcement Officers, OIG employees, Commonwealth’s attorneys, county attorneys - to review an individual’s controlled substance prescription history as part of a bona fide drug investigation or drug prosecution.

• Medicaid – to screen members for potential abuse of pharmacy benefits and to determine “lock-in”; to screen providers for adherence to prescribing guidelines for Medicaid patients.

• A judge or probation or parole officer – administering a drug diversion or probation program.


KASPER Usage December 31, 2012

Law Enforcement = .5%

(17% of KY LE have

accounts)

Prescribers = 97.3%

(83% of KY prescribers have accounts)

Pharmacists = 2.1%

(83% of KY

pharmacists have

accounts)

Judges, Other

= .1%


Goals of KASPER

• KASPER was designed as a tool to help

address prescription drug abuse and

diversion by providing:

– A source of information for health care

professionals

– An investigative tool for law enforcement and

regulatory agencies

• KASPER was not designed to:

– Prevent people from obtaining prescription drugs

– Decrease the number of doses dispensed

Controlled Substance Prescribing

in Kentucky

Recent Legislative Changes

Pain Management Facilities

HB 1 – Ownership Requirements

• Physician ownership requirement on all

pain management facilities (PMF)

• Exception for those health facilities

operating as a PMF on April 24, 2012


PMF Oversight

• Licensure boards responsible for

licensure standards for practitioner-

owned pain management facilities

• OIG, Division of Health Care is

responsible for licensure standards for

existing pain management facilities that

qualify for the physician-ownership

exemption of HB 1


Non-Physician Owned PMF Status

• 29 non-physician owned PMFs identified

April 24, 2012 (HB1 passage date)

• 8 closed prior July 20, 2012 (HB1 effective

date)

• 11 closed after HB1 effective date

• 2 newly discovered illegal or non-physician

owned PMFs

• 8 PMFs being reviewed for compliance and

certification

• 4 PMFs sent cease and desist letters


KASPER and Controlled Substance

Prescribing Standards


eKASPER Reporting KRS 218A.202

• Controlled substances administered directly to a patient

– Except in a health care facility (KRS 216B), long term care facility, child-caring facility (KRS 199.011), or to an individual in a jail, correctional facility, or juvenile detention facility

• Controlled substance administration or dispensing must be reported within one day of on or after July 1, 2013


eKASPER Accounts – KRS 218A.202

• eKASPER registration is mandatory for

Kentucky practitioners or pharmacists

authorized to prescribe or dispense

controlled substances to humans.


eKASPER Master Accounts

12/31/2011 04/24/2012 07/20/2012 03/31/2013

Doctor* 5,470 5,680 11,923 17,093

APRN 690 781 1,523 1,936

Pharmacist 1,385 1,450 3,602 5,096

Total 7,545 7,911 17,048 24,125

*Includes physicians, dentists, optometrists and podiatrists


eKASPER Prescriber Usage - KRS 218A.172

• Query eKASPER for previous 12 months of

data: – Prior to initial prescribing or dispensing of a

Schedule II controlled substance, or a Schedule

III controlled substance containing hydrocodone

– No less than every three months

– Review data before issuing a new prescription or

refills for a Schedule II controlled substance or a

Schedule III controlled substance containing

hydrocodone

• Additional rules/exceptions included in licensure

board regulations


KASPER Regulations – Licensure Boards

• 201 KAR 5:130 – Kentucky Board of Optometric Examiners KASPER

requirements

• 201 KAR 8:540 – Kentucky Board of Dentistry KASPER requirements

• 201 KAR 9:230, 201 KAR 9:260 – Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure KASPER

requirements

• 201 KAR 20:057 – Kentucky Board of Nursing KASPER requirements

• 201 KAR 25:090 – Kentucky Board of Podiatry KASPER requirements.


eKASPER Prescriber Reports – KRS 218A.202

• CS prescribers can obtain an eKASPER

report on themselves: – To review and assess the individual

prescribing patterns

– To determine the accuracy and

completeness of information contained in

eKASPER

– To identify fraudulent prescriptions


Providing Reports to Patients – KRS 218A.202

• eKASPER reports can be shared with

the patient or person authorized to act

on the patient’s behalf

• eKASPER reports can be placed in the

patient’s medical record, with the report

then being deemed a medical record

subject to disclosure on the same terms

and conditions as an ordinary medical

record


eKASPER Error Correction - 902 KAR 55:110

• Patient or provider should contact the dispenser to correct records in error

• Inaccurate KASPER reports due to system errors should be reported to the Drug Enforcement and Professional Practices Branch

– 502-564-7985


Controlled Substance Dispensing – Six Month Comparison

Drug August 2011

through

January 2012

August 2012

through

January 2013

Change

Hydrocodone 120,866,065 106,665,492 -11.8%

Oxycodone 44,184,583 38,949,663 -11.8%

Oxymorphone 1,028,839 560,453 - 45.5%

Alprazolam 36,932,559 31,582,961 -14.5%

Methylphenidate 5,285,258 5,630,657 + 6.5%

Amphetamine 6,769,400 7,355,314 + 8.7%

All Controlled

Substances 375,955,720 337,022,081 -10.4%

Figures shown in doses dispensed


Legislative Changes (HB 217)

• Administrative regulations to be promulgated: – Exempts CS prescribed or administered within 14

days of surgery

– Requires KASPER query once every 12 months for patient in hospital or long term care facility • If KASPER queried within 12 hours of patient or

resident admission and report placed in patient’s medical record

– Exempts KASPER requirement for hospice, pain associated with cancer, single dose for anxiety prior to diagnostic test or procedure, research subjects in IRB approved studies


Legislative Changes (HB 217)

– Exempts KASPER within 7 days of initial prescribing when:

• Substitute for initial prescribing

• Cancels any refills

• Requires disposal of unconsumed medication

– No requirement to report a controlled substance administered to a patient in a hospital or long term care facility

– Hospitals and long term care facilities can establish “facility” KASPER accounts

Controlled Substance Trends

in Kentucky


Controlled Substance Prescribing 2012


Controlled Substance Usage 2012


Hydrocodone Prescribing 2012


Hydrocodone Usage 2012


Oxycodone Prescribing 2012

Cabinet for Health and Family Services Cabinet for Health and Family Services

Oxycodone Usage 2012


Oxymorphone Prescribing 2012


Oxymorphone Usage 2012


Tramadol Prescribing 2012


Tramadol Usage 2012


Alprazolam Prescribing 2012


Alprazolam Usage 2012


Diazepam Prescribing 2012


Diazepam Usage 2012


Buprenorphine Prescribing 2012


Buprenorphine Usage 2012

KASPER Web Site: www.chfs.ky.gov/KASPER

David R. Hopkins

Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services

275 East Main Street, 5ED

Frankfort, KY 40621

502-564-2815 ext. 3333

[email protected]

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