presentacion ptb 08-2014-final - rnm - red nacional de ... · watt balances watt balances did...

Physikalisch-Technische BundesanstaltThe German National Metrology Institute

www.ptb.de


www.ptb.de

ScienceScience IndustryIndustry

KuratoriumKuratoriumNobel LaureatesNobel Laureates Business LeadersBusiness Leaders

SocietySociety

BMUBMU AssociationsAssociations

Legal MetrologyLegal MetrologySMESMEBMZBMZ

BMWiBMWi

• technology enabler

• science driver

• neutral, reliable broker

TechnologyTechnology

providing the national providing the national measurement infra-structure

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…a selection of highlights:…a selection of highlights:

Geiger counterGeiger counter

Coincidence techniqueCoincidence technique

Quartz clocksQuartz clocks

Cesium clocksCesium clocks

Quantum Hall resistanceQuantum Hall resistance

Black-body radiation (~1900)Black-body radiation (~1900)

T1646 °°°°C

Quantum Mechanics: Max PlanckQuantum Mechanics: Max Planck

Meißner-OchsenfeldMeißner-Ochsenfeld


www.ptb.de

Metrology as core missionMetrology as core mission

• today

…and in the future

• yesterday

Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt

• Budget: ~170 Mio. €+ ~34 Mio. € 3 rd party

• ~60 % research

• ~ 130 PhD students

• ~2000 employees

www.ptb.de


• Metrology for Industry

• Metrology for Harmonisation • Metrology for Harmonisation

• Metrology for Society

• Fundamental Metrology



www.ptb.de

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length

electr. currenttemperature

amount ofsubstance

luminousintensity

mass

time

SI: The International System of UnitsSI: The International System of Units

Established in 1960: CGPMEstablished in 1960: CGPM

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electr. currenttemperature

amount ofsubstance

lengthlength

electr. current temperature

amount ofsubstance

massmass

timetime

SI: The International System of UnitsSI: The International System of Units

luminousintensity

…not anideal

situation!

Officially: K K K K since 1889

…with the help of fundamental constants we

have the possibility of establishing units of

length, time, mass, and temperature, which

necessarily retain their validity for all times and

cultures, even extraterrestrial and nonhuman…

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…for all times and cultures……for all times and cultures…

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The New SI: PTB contributionsThe New SI: PTB contributionsThe international Avogadro experimentThe international Avogadro experiment

Count the number of atoms: 3 in 100 million! Count the number of atoms: 3 in 100 million!

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New SI: KilogramNew SI: Kilogram• 1 measurement < 2⋅⋅⋅⋅10-8 (required)

• 2 measurements < 5⋅⋅⋅⋅10-8 (required)

• 2 independent techniques

� PTB now masters most

relevant technologies

�� Avogadro goes further�� Avogadro goes further

�� bought 28Si for 4 spheres�� bought 28Si for 4 spheres

�� we envisage ∆∆∆∆h/h ~ 1⋅⋅⋅⋅10-8�� we envisage ∆∆∆∆h/h ~ 1⋅⋅⋅⋅10-8

�� Watt balances did improve 2014!�� Watt balances did improve 2014!

Towards the new definitionTowards the new definition

�Realisation�Realisationin 2018

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The New SI: PTB contributionsThe New SI: PTB contributions

Mise en pratique CCEM 2009/11:

(b) using a single electron tunneling (SET) or similar device,…

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New SI: Fundamental ConstantsNew SI: Fundamental Constants



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New SI: The AmpereNew SI: The Ampere



= 100 pA @ ~1 GHz

∆∆∆∆/////I ~ 10-6

semiconductor

SET

integrated error correctionI = ⟨⟨⟨⟨n⟩⟩⟩⟩⋅⋅⋅⋅e⋅⋅⋅⋅f

Count number of electrons: few in 100 million! Count number of electrons: few in 100 million!

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The New SI: PTB contributionsThe New SI: PTB contributions

The dissemination of PTB time:

• Modem service 1200 accesses per day

• Internet Information Service (ntp)300 million accesses per day

• DCF77 low-frequency transmitterHundreds of millions of receivers in

Germany and Europe

Time: Our most famous productTime: Our most famous product

future: optical clocks future: optical clocks

��systematic uncertainty: ≈ 5⋅⋅⋅⋅10−−−−18

Yb+Yb+



• Metrology Harmonisation



• Metrology Harmonisation


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Metrology for Health: Lab MedicineMetrology for Health: Lab Medicine

no. Analyte Quantity Acceptable relative deviation of a single result, of the relative root mean square

Acceptable relative deviation in interlaboratory

tests

range of measurement Type of target value

from to unit

20 erythrocytes cell concentration

4% 8% 1,5 7 1/pL RMV

26 haematocrit volume ratio 5% 9% 10 60 % STV

27 haemoglobin mass ratio 4% 6% 20 200 g/L RMV

39 leucocytes cell concentration

6.5% 18% 2 30 1/nL RMV

56 thrombocytes cell concentration

7.5%8.5%13.5%

13%15%18%

>300>15040

700300150

1/nL1/nL1/nL

STV

Guideline of the German Medical Association for Quality Assurance of Quantitative Measurements in Laboratory Medicine

(Deutsches Ärzteblatt, Jg. 105, 15. Februar 2008, A 321 - A 355, Table B1a)

external quality control: ~ 3000 Laborsmandatory participation since 2002

RMV = reference method value, STV = target value specific for the particular test method

PTB is the only referencePTB is the only reference

laboratory worldwide

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Metrology for Health: Flux CytometryMetrology for Health: Flux Cytometry

Diluted BloodSample

Sheath Fluid (Water)

Laser Beams

Flow Channel(250 µm)

SampleStream

Flow Cell(Quartz)

Forward Light Scatter

� Simultaneous detection RBC, WBC, Plt

� Interaction time 2 µs

� Analysis of typical 5000 cells / s

� Fluorescence sensitivity ~ 500 fluorochromes

G: GranulocytesLy: LymphocytesM: Monocytes

FLS: Forward Light ScatterOLS: Orthogonal Light Scatter

Orthogonal Light Scatter,Fluorescence

90°± 26°

3°- 17°

Thrombozyten

Lympho-

zyten

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G: GranulocytesLy: LymphocytesM: Monocytes

FLS: Forward Light ScatterOLS: Orthogonal Light Scatter

Metrology for Health: Flux CytometryMetrology for Health: Flux Cytometry

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Health: Protein AnalyticsHealth: Protein Analytics

Challenges in quantitative measurements for proteins

progesteron (386.7g/mol)

C- reactive protein (~ 125.000 g/mol)

classical Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (ID-MS) is often not feasible: relative mass resolution mostly not sufficient

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growth hormone:hGH

T6

T12

T6*

T12*

*isotope markedvariant as internal standard

take the challenge: quantify characteristic enzymatic fragments


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5

10

15

20

25

30

µg/L

A

B

kit 44 (Lumineszenz)kit 66 (Photometrie)kit 36 (Radioimmuno-)kit 77 (‘Lumineszenz’)

IDMS-reference value

Daten: Referenzinstitut für

Bioanalytik, dgkl-rfb.de 12.3±0.5

determination by using

T6 und T12 3 Aliquote/Probe

(A and B)

U (k=2) ~ 5%

Growth hormone (hGH, 22k variant) in blood serum

6.9±0.4

IDMS Referenzwert:Henrion et al. AG 3.12

the first approved the first approved

primary method for

proteins in serum

worldwide


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Metrology: Society & IndustryMetrology: Society & Industry

Operation safety for 7 Tesla MRTOperation safety for 7 Tesla MRT

EMRP-Project: "MRI Safety"� 2012 – 2015� PTB, INRiM, VSL, King's College

High spectroscopic resolution� Neuro-transmitters in brain� Charite

High-field MRTHigh-field MRTUltra-low field MEGUltra-low field MEG ��

Berlin Magnetically Shielded Room:• Residual static field ~ 1nT

• Passive magnetic shielding 7-layers

• Active shielding coil system

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Metrology: Society & IndustryMetrology: Society & Industry

High-field MRTHigh-field MRTUltra-low field MEGUltra-low field MEG ��

Berlin Magnetically Shielded Room:• Residual static field ~ 1nT

• Passive magnetic shielding 7-layers

• Active shielding coil systemSQUID with NMR coilsSQUID with NMR coils

304 channel SQUID304 channel SQUID

• image magnetic nano-particles• image magnetic nano-particles

• image magnetic fields in the brain• image magnetic fields in the brain

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Industry: from Mega-Newton….Industry: from Mega-Newton….

16,5 MN-facilityat PTB


30 MN-facilityat MPA BS


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traceability bytraceability bybuild-up-system

• 30 MN-system delivered 2012

• Extension to 50 MN-system now under test

Industry: from Mega-Newton….Industry: from Mega-Newton….

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slice pendulum

tungsten wireLaser

interferometer

..to Nano-Newton & Extra Dimensions..to Nano-Newton & Extra Dimensions

…non-Newtonian forces ?

A. A. Geraci et al, PRL 2010

- Nano force & transfer standard

- Interaction forces:

- Casimir force

- Light forces

- Gravity at small distances

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• Calibrate Laser-tracker, -radar, -scanner, indoor- GPS…

Quelle: Leica Geosystems

Quelle: Automated Precision • PTB services• In-Situ-calibration of length references

(U = ± 5 µm)• Length invariant reference length throug

test instructions according to guide lines• 3D length deviation E

(Laser tracker specification: e.g. E ≤ ± (20 µm + 5 µm/m) )

Industry: From Large Dimensions…Industry: From Large Dimensions…

ConstructionMeasurement Volume: 10 m x 3 m x 6 mLength invariant reference lengths via

temperature stabilised CFK-rodstension-free mount at wall

• For quality in heavy-machine construction

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investigating the roughnessinvestigating the roughnessprofile of injection nozzles

PTB Profilscanner

..to the Scanning of Micro Structures..to the Scanning of Micro Structures

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Research & Industry: ITER BolometerResearch & Industry: ITER Bolometer

all line of sights for Bolometerall line of sights for Bolometer

• calibration: 1,46 eV – 25 keV

• using synchrotron radiation:

5 beam lines: BESSY II, MLS

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Light: Future Market & ResearchLight: Future Market & Research

Wi40- light bulb

halogen light bulb

LED traffic light

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Light: Future Market & ResearchLight: Future Market & Research

Characterisation of LEDs and OLEDsCharacterisation of LEDs and OLEDs

60 in a row!

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• Fundamental Metrology• Fundamental Metrology



• Metrology for Harmonisation • Metrology for Harmonisation

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Verification authorities

(federal states)Calibration laboratories

(DAkkS GmbH)

Uniformity of Metrology Uniformity of Metrology

Units and Time Act,

Section 6, subsection 2

National Standards

PTB

Reference StandardsVerification Authorities,

Accredited Calibration Laboratories

Working StandardsIn-Plant Calibration Laboratories

In-Plant Test Equipment

ProductsConfidence, acceptance, reliability, neutrality:Recognized by all participants on the market!

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Stand August 2007

bilateralregionalregional indirekt

54 Projects:in 81 countriesin 4 continents

International: Technical CollaborationInternational: Technical Collaboration

50 years of expertise in many developing

countries

� long term, sustainable PTB policy

in line with the BMZ strategy

… from the very beginning up to highest precision…

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PTB‘s Mission … since 126 YearsPTB‘s Mission … since 126 Years

»Progress and reliability in metrology«

Improved measurement procedures

Better scienceBetter protection

Better products

Quality infrastructure and harmonisation


www.ptb.de


• today

• yesterday

…and in the future

• Science in Metrology

• Economy & Society

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- Are the constants constant?

The Future of MetrologyThe Future of Metrology



- Test Quantum Electrodynamics

- Fundamental symmetries?

- Nano metrology / extra dimensions?

� Strengthen collaboration � Strengthen collaboration with universities

�� Identify high-impact,�� Identify high-impact,high-visibility projects

High-Impact & Visibility MetrologyHigh-Impact & Visibility Metrology

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High-Impact & Visibility MetrologyHigh-Impact & Visibility Metrology

AvogadroOptical clocks

Electrical quantum metrology

- additional funding

- running time: 5 years

- evaluation of progress: 3 years

- well-defined goals

- mentored by the PTB presidium

Three light-house projects

Institute of Fundamental

Physics for Metrology

- Theory-chair at

TU Braunschweig



- Theory-chair at

TU Braunschweig

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AvogadroOptical clocks

Electrical quantum metrology

- additional funding

- running time: 5 years

- evaluation of progress: 3 years

- well-defined goals

- mentored by the PTB presidium

Three light-house projects



- Theory-chair at

TU Braunschweig



- Theory-chair at

TU Braunschweig

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Symmetry Breaking: Ion CrystalsSymmetry Breaking: Ion Crystals

Ubiquitous: Early Universe, materials, …. Ubiquitous: Early Universe, materials, ….

- 44 -

Symmetry Breaking: Ion CrystalsSymmetry Breaking: Ion Crystals

“Double Inhomogeneous“Double InhomogeneousKibble-Zurek Mechanism”ki

nk d

ensi

ty

Nature, Communications (accepted)

Dynamics of kink formationDynamics of kink formation

Quantum phase transitionsQuantum phase transitions

quench time

Theory: 8/3Theory: 8/3

Experiment: 2.7 ±±±±0.3Experiment: 2.7 ±±±±0.3

Simulation: 2.63 ±±±±1.3Simulation: 2.63 ±±±±1.3

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Nano MetrologyNano Metrology

EURO 5b & 6 emission standard

→ new measurement techniques

for soot particles

• Validation of different soot-particle

measurement techniques

• Preparation of type approvals of

new soot-particle measurement

devices

� Particle size: 10 nm to 220 nm

� Turbidity coefficient variable over 3, particle-number over 5 decades

� Correlation between turbidity coefficient and particle massconcentration; determination ofcounting efficiency

• Stable aerosols for soot particle measuring devices

� PTB: Unique test bench worldwide:

ultra-stable adjustable soot

generators

EMRP- ENV02 / PTB - ASA

� 2011 – 2014 / since 2010

Free-Electron LasersFree-Electron Lasers

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Free-Electron LasersFree-Electron LasersThe European X-FELThe European X-FEL200 nm

Resolution: ~30 nmResolution: ~30 nm


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Resolution: ~30 nmResolution: ~30 nm


- 49 -

Collaboration with UniversitiesCollaboration with Universities

• PhD students: 132

• Teaching units: 32

�� in collaboration with about 30 universities

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

# D

okto

rand

en

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Techn. University BraunschweigTechn. University Braunschweig

Metrology Initiative Braunschweig - MIB

PhD-Programs

MIB Board

PTB: strategic partner

Research Teaching

~ 30 Mio. € funding ��building and

equipment

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Research

~ 30 Mio. € funding ��building and

equipment



- 52 -



PhD-Programs

MIB Board


Research Teaching

W. v. SiemensJunior ResearchGroup

nano opticsnano magnetic systemsfunctional nano particles

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PhD-Programs

MIB Board


Research Teaching

W. v. SiemensJunior ResearchGroup

IGSM 2.0: 2014+

2014 to

2023

- Master study course“Metrology &

Quantum Physics”

- Institut: „FundamentalPhysics for Metrology“

nano opticsnano magnetic systemsfunctional nano particles

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Smart GridsSmart Grids - Test Quantum Electrodynamics



- The German turn in energy supply

- The Grand Challenges

Metrology: Green EnergyMetrology: Green Energy

- The 4th industrial revolution: Ind 4.0

- Shaping metrology: Europe & World

- 55 -

Metrology: … Grand ChallengesMetrology: … Grand Challenges

Smart GridsSmart Grids

Future LightFuture Light Bio FuelBio Fuel

Gas GridsGas Grids

Quantum Communication

Quantum Communication

ExhaustExhaust

Solar LightSolar Light

Climate ModelsClimate Models

HealthHealth

Metrology: Green EnergyMetrology: Green Energy

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The 4th Industrial RevolutionThe 4th Industrial Revolution

Smart factories, services, cities, grids, metering,…

PTB is involved for measuring devices

- with plug-and-play interfaces

- in communication networks

- in embedded systems

- with download capabilities

- using cryptography

- MID-conformity,….

→ New standards

→ Traceability

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- 59 -

Metrology in Europe: EMPIRMetrology in Europe: EMPIR

2013 2015 20182016

Horizon 2020

20192014 2017 2020

EMPIREMPIR

• approved EU-Parliament

& Council in May 2014

• General Agreement

approved in summer 2014

• Formal Start: spring 2015

• coordination of national metrology research programmes

22 participating states in EMRP

28 participating states in EMPIR

• jointly agreed strategic research agenda

• implemented by EURAMET e.V.

• highly integrated

• Duration: 2014 to 2020

• Funding: 600 Mio. €

• New: Innovation

Standardization

Capacity Building

• Open for more external partners!

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Aspheres: Key components of modern imaging systems

Stakeholders: UPOB – Int. Forum für Asphärenmetrologie/-fertigung

Requested by industry: traceable dimensional characterization

- 61 -


Example Project: Standards for aspheres & measurement

technique for European industryIND-10, 2011 to 2014

• 15 partners from 7 countries

• 2 PTB-divisions and PTB-coordination

• 2 measurements methods, 2 training courses,

3 PTB-patents

• 2,9 Mio € total founding

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Metrology in Europe: FutureMetrology in Europe: Future

Synchronize European

Metrology:

(ii) Distributed new

services networks

(i) Coordinated Research

EMPIR & follow up

(iii) Conventional services

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Braunschweig

Ultra-precise fiber linksUltra-precise fiber links









- Shaping metrology in Europe

- Shaping world-wide metrology


Shaping world-wide metrologyShaping world-wide metrology

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GermanyBraunschweigFrance

- 65 -


France


Europe

Watching the climateWatching the climate

- 66 -


Watching the climateWatching the climatePartners:

Collaborators:

SI traceability required at highest precision!SI traceability required at highest precision!


www.ptb.de


• today

• yesterday

…and in the futureNr. 1 in Germany!

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End

presentacion ptb 08-2014-final - rnm - red nacional de ... · watt balances watt balances did...

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