presentation: 2002-10-24 off-road status review · current diesel status • availability – sales...

Off-Road Status Review

Air Resources BoardAir Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection AgencyCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency

October 24, 2002

Outline• Impacts of Off-Road Categories

• Categories– Small Off-Road Engines(SORE)

– Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Engines

– Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engines

– Recreational Marine

• Past, Present, Future

Mobile Sources StatewideEmissions Inventory

HC2000

76% 24%

2020

63%37%

2010

31%69%

On-Road Off-Road

1408 TPD752 TPD

482 TPD

Mobile Sources StatewideEmissions Inventory

NOx2000

65%24%

2020

44%

28%

2010

27%58%

On-Road Off-Road

2875 TPD

1803 TPD

1115 TPD

11%

Trains, Planes, Ships

15%

28%

Diesel Mobile SourcesEmissions Inventory

2000

58%

15%27%

PM

2020

19%47%

34% On-Road Off-Road

Trains & Ships

67 TPD

2010

56%23%

21%

52 TPD

38 TPD

Cleaner Off-Road Engines toMeet Our Public Health Goals

• Critical component of SIPs to attain theozone and particulate matter standards

• 8 off-road SIP measures• Included state and federal commitments• Preempt equipment

Category Contributions

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

SORE LSI Rec. Marine Diesel

200020102020

Ton

s p

er d

ay

HC

Category Contributions

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

SORE LSI Rec. Marine Diesel

200020102020

Ton

s p

er d

ay

NOx

Small Off-Road Engines

Status• 1990: Adopted standards• Tier 1 (1995-1999)

– Enleanment– Engine modifications

• Tier 2 (2000+)– Handheld

• Advanced 2-strokes• 2-stroke 4-stroke• Catalysts• Switch to electric equipment

– Non-handheld• Side Valve Overhead Valve

Lower Emissions Levels< 65cc Engines

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Uncontrolled 1995 2000+

g/b

hp

-hr

HC+NOx

Lower Emissions Levels> 65cc Engines

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Uncontrolled 1995 2000+

65-225>225g/

bh

p-h

r

HC+NOx

EngineDisplacement

Small Engine ContributionReduced

HC+NOx

2000

2010

2020

85 tpd

54 tpd

Annual Average

54 tpd

Current StatusModel Availability

Small Handheld Engines

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

BPBlower

Blower Chainsaw H. Trim L. Trim

200020012002

Survey Dates

Additional Reductions fromSmall Engines are Possible

• Evaporative reductions– Approximately: 50% HC reduction by 2020

• Further exhaust reductions– Catalyst durability demonstration

– Expectation: 50%+ HC+NOx reduction

• Propose new standards in 2003

Large Spark-Ignition Engines

Status• 1998: Adopted catalyst based standards

– 2001-2003: Phased-in– 2004: Fully implemented with a durability

requirement

• No reported technical or availabilityissues

• Manufacturers certified compliantengines

• Most engines well below 3.0 g/bhp-hrstandard

Reduced Emissions ContributionHC+NOx

81 tpd

42 tpd

2000

2010

32tpd

2020

Annual Average

39tpd

49tpd

Additional Reductions fromLSI Engines are Feasible

• ARB, SCAQMD, U.S. EPA, SwRI

• Closed-loop/catalyst durabilitydemonstration

• Transient test cycle developed

• More stringent emission standardsfeasible - adopted by U.S. EPA 9/02

Recreational MarineEngines

Spark-Ignition Vessels

Recreational MarineVessels

INBOARDS


S T E R N D R I V E S


OUTBOARDS


P E R S O N A L

W A T E R C R A F T

History

• 1996: EPA - Outboards/PWCs• 1998: ARB - Outboards/PWCs

– 2001: EPA 2006 standards– 2004: 20% lower standards– 2008: 65% lower standards

• 2001: ARB - Inboards/Sterndrives– 2003: Emissions “capped”– 2007: Catalyst-based standards

Reduced Emissions ContributionOutboards and PWCs

0

100

200

300

400

2010 2020

Tons

per

day

UncontrolledControlled

HC+NOx

Statewide Summer Weekend Inventory

Reduced Emissions ContributionInboards and Sterndrives

0

50

100

150

200

2010 2020

Tons

per

day

UncontrolledControlled

HC+NOx

Statewide Summer Weekend Inventory

Clean 2002 Models Available

Vessel

Outboards 1 41 17

PWCs 3 5 —

Inboards — — 1

Recent Events

• 2002: EPA - (Proposed) Evap Controls– Covers: Outboard - PWC - Inboard - Sterndrive– Reduce evap emissions by 80% in 2008 MY

• 2002: ARB - Catalyst Demo Project– “In Water” demo of catalyst-equipped boats.– ARB, U.S. EPA, U.S. Coast Guard, NMMA, MECA– Report conclusions

Compression-Ignition (Diesel)Engines

Mobile Sources DieselEmissions Inventory

2010 NOx

35%

48%

On-Road Off-Road1165 TPD

Trains & Ships

17%

Mobile Sources DieselEmissions Inventory

2010 PM

On-Road Off-Road

Trains & Ships

56%

23%21%

52 TPD

Diesel Engine History• 1992: California adopts standards early for

non-preempt engines• 1994: U.S. EPA asked to adopt standards

for preempt engines• 1996: Statement of Principles signed by

ARB, U.S. EPA, and engine manufacturers• 1998: Final U.S. EPA diesel rule approved

consisting of 3 Tiers of diesel standards• 2000: California aligns with U.S. EPA

Regulatory Effects on EmissionsPM10

0

10

20

30

40

50

2000 2010 2020

Tons

per

day

PreemptNonPreempt

Statewide Annual Average

Regulatory Effects on EmissionsHC+NOx

Statewide Annual Average PreemptNonPreempt

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000 2010 2020

Tons

per

day

Current Diesel Status• Availability

– Sales are virtually unaffected by regulations– Engine sales have mostly increased

• Compliance– Tier 1 is already fully implemented– Tier 2 is in its second year– Many engines are ahead of schedule

Off-Road Diesel PM EmissionStandards Lag On-Road Standards

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

g/bh

p-hr

On-road

Off-road 275 hp

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

��

012345678

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

g/bh

p-hr

On-road

Off-road275 hp

Off-Road Diesel NOx EmissionStandards Lag On-Road Standards

Issues - Reducing Off-RoadDiesel Emissions

• Future off-road standards will be patternedafter existing 2007 on-road standards– PM aftertreatment nearly ready– NOx aftertreatment proceeding rapidly

• 15 PPM sulfur diesel fuel required• Global harmonization of standards desirable

Conclusions• Emission standards have successfully

been implemented for off-road engines• Compliant products are available in all

categories• Emissions are being reduced• Staff continues to look for opportunities

to further reduce emissions

Conclusions (cont’d)• Off-road diesel is the largest remaining

category of PM and NOx emissions• On-road technologies are transferable• More stringent (Tier 4) standards will provide

significant improvements in air quality• U.S. EPA action is necessary

presentation: 2002-10-24 off-road status review · current diesel status • availability – sales...

Documents