presentation based on ch09 keshavarz

7/27/2019 Presentation based on ch09 keshavarz

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COMMUNICATIVEASPECTSOFERROR

ANALYSISCh.9 Keshavarz E.Zabibh


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INTRODUCTION

In addition to their important role inthe study of lg acquisition ingeneral & 2nd or foreign lg

learning ,errors are alsoimportant in terms of differentcommunicative tasks learners

perform & the effects their errorsmay have on communicative withnative speakers of the target lg.


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ERRORSRELATEDTODIFFERENT

COMMUNICATIVETASKSDifferences are observed in

performance depending on

whether the communicativetask is:

- spoken

-written.


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QUESTION

Do foreign lg learners make moreerrors in spontaneous speech or

written discourse?

Foreign lg learners tend to commitrelatively more errors in

spontaneous speech than in

written discourse.


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-Time

Hulstin suggests that poor learners

need more time to produce speechmaterial because they have little

control over their linguistic

awareness.Krashen believes that the learners

monitor operates under 3 condition:

-Time

-Focus on form

- knowledge of the rule


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Krashen suggests that tasks whichrequire learners to focus on

content are more likely to produce

errors than those which force themto concentrate

on forms .


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NATIVESPEAKERJUDGMENTOF

LEARNERSERRORS

Researchers in the 70s & early 80s

asses the effect of errors on

communication by asking native

speakers to evaluate 2nd lg learners

speech or writing samples.

These communicative errors studies

emphasized three major components

in which errors mentioned:


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Phonology

Pronunciation Successful communication seems to be mostly dependent

on the correct pronunciation of 2nd lg sound system, too

deviant & faulty pro. Can lead to failure in communication

Semantic

Vocabulary The degree to which errors in vocab. Use effect the

comprehensibility of learners utterances has been studied.

The incomprehensible sentences contain some word error:wrong ,extra, omitted

Vocab. Errors are ranked at the top, incorrect choice ofwords is the greatest handicap to effective communication.

syntax

Grammar What aspects of grammar of TL may interfere with

comprehension & disrupt the flow of communication. Global local


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Global errors are those that violate rules involving the overall

structure of a sentence, the relations among constituents

clauses or , in a simple sentence the relations among majorconstituents.

Local errors cause trouble in a particular constituent or in a

clause of a complex sentence.

example.

o I like take taxi but my friend said so not that we should be late

for school.

o If I heard from him I will let you know


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Question

Which of the two categories of the errors is more

serious in terms of communication? Global errors are higher than local errors.

Errors involving word order , missing subject, those

that confuse the relationship of clauses are more

important than omitted article or inflectionalmorpheme in 3rd singular.

o In other words, errors in pluralization , article

usage, tense usage , etc, are less important in

terms of sentence comprehensibility than errors inword order, or choice & placement of appropriate

connectors.


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Hendrickson modified global / local errors

distinction:

Global error a communicative error thatcauses a proficient speaker of a foreign lg either

to misinterpret an oral or written message or to

consider the message incomprehensible within

the textual content of the error.

Local error is a linguistic error that

makes a form or structure in a sentence appear

awkward but nevertheless, causes a proficient

speaker of a foreign lg little or no difficulty in

understanding the intended meaning of thesentence , given its contextual framework.


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Note

It was found that most global errors resulted frominadequate lexical knowledge ,misuse of

preposition & pronouns , & seriously misspelled

lexical items.

Most local errors , were caused by omission of

prepositions , lack of subject-verb agreement ,

misspelled words , & faulty lexical choice.


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Thanks for

your attention

presentation based on ch09 keshavarz

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