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Presentation by ABS Ennin, George Coleman & Anthony Ansah

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Overview of Power System Introduction Hydro All hydraulic developments consist of a dam, a conduit to carry the water to the turbine, and a device to supply the water equally to all sides of the turbine. The Operating and Maintenance personnel must know the importance of these components to fully understand the generation of hydro electric energy. Thermal Coal, Oil, and Gas are used to produce thermal electricity. They all work basically the same way. Many large thermal plants use a simple- cycle process to generate electricity. Fuel is burned to heat water to create steam, and much of the heat is vented as hot air or steam. Some thermal plants have been converted to combined cycle generation (a form of more advanced thermal technology). These plants capture waste heat from exhaust gas to produce more electricity and to use fuel more efficiently. 2

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Overview of Power System Objectives Upon completion of this module the participant should be able to: Describe how power is generated with water. Mention the essential components of a hydro plant. Describe the operation of the components parts. Describe how thermal power is generated. Explain the components parts of thermal plant List all the various substations under NNS and SNS 3

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Overview of Power System Main Types of Power Generation Hydroelectric Power Generation Thermal Power Generation Diesel Gas Steam Crude Oil Solar Wind 4

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Overview of Power System Hydroelectric Power Generation Akosombo Power Station Kpong Power Station Bui Power Station Thermal Power Generation Aboadze Thermal Power Station (TAPCO/TICO/T3) Tema Thermal Power Complex (Station 1 Mines Reserve Plant, Station 2 TT1PS/Cenit, & Station 3 Siemens Plant) Sunon Asogli Thermal Plant Kpone Thermal Plant 5

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Overview of Power System Hydroelectric Power Generation Dams Main Dam Control Dam Storage Dam 6

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Overview of Power System Hydroelectric Power Generation Headworks Trask Racks Headgates Penstocks Turbine Speed Ring Turbine Gates Runner 7 Hydraulic Governor Governor Head Valve Arrangement Accumulator Tank Servo Motors

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Overview of Power System 8

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10 Control Cabinet Accumulator Tank Distribution system Servo motors Overview of Power System

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Scroll Case Turbine Draft Tube Tailwater or Tailrace Tailrace Gate or Stop Logs Generator Stator Rotor 11 Excitation DC Current/Exciter Automatic Voltage Regulator

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Overview of Power System 12 Excitation Control System

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Overview of Power System 13 Generator Stability

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Overview of Power System Thermal Power Generation Gas and Steam Turbines Fuel Light Crude Oil/Distilite Fuel Oil Starting Motor Inlet Air Spark Plugs Combustion Chamber Fuel Nozzles Crossfire Tubes Turbine Exhaust Generator 14

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Overview of Power System 15 Thermal Generation

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Overview of Power System Solar Power Pungu Solar System Solar Panels 6588 panels Collector Boxes Inverters 0.415kv/34.5kv transformer 34.5kv transmission line to Navrongo Substation of about 8 pylons 16

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18 Generating Station Name No of Units /Speed/Poles Capacity (MW) Terminal Voltage (KV) Output Voltage (KV) Minimum Operating Level Maximum Operating Level HYDRO GENERATING STATIONS AkosomboA1GS6/115.4 rpm/52102014.4161 240.00ft 235.00ft278.00ft Kpong (Akuse)Z19GS4/62.5 rpm/9616013.816114.19m15.30m BuiBU54GS3/150 rpm/4039914.4161166.00m183.00m THERMAL GENERATING STATIONS Aboadze (Takoradi-TTPS)TT32GS333013.8161 Aboadze (Takoradi-TICO)TICO222013.8161 Aboadze (Takoradi-TTES)TE66GS513213.8161 Tema (TTPC-Station 1)MR46GS316011.5161 Tema (TTPC-Station 2)TP47GS112614.4161

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19 Generating Station Station Name No of Units Capacity (MW) Terminal Voltage (KV) Output Voltage (KV) Minimum Op. Level Max Op. lev Tema (TTPC-Station 2) CENIT PLANT 112611.5161 Tema (TTPC-Station 3)ST50GS 58011.0161 Tema (SunonAsogli)SG51GS 621511.6161 Tema (Kpone Thermal)KT67GS 222011.5161 NavrongoPungu Solar 6588 Solar panels 211.5161 Effasu BargeEF52GS 2125-161 DomunliDT49GS 2202-161 NOTE: 1.There is an ongoing project for third unit 110MW (Steam Turbine) for TICO. 2.Kpone Thermal is under construction about 80% complete. 3.Effasu Barge has the facilities ready with Technical problems. 4.Domunli plant project is under feasibility studies. 5.Additional 5 sets of units for Takoradi Expansion is under project evaluation.

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Overview of Power System Transmission System The transmission segment of the power system carries electric power over long distances from the generating stations to the distribution system. The transmission system is a network of high voltage power lines and stations/substations A transmission system may be made up of overhead lines carried on towers or insulated cables buried underground. 20

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Overview of Power System In our jurisdiction, the network is composed of over 5,100Km length of high voltage transmission lines, mainly operated at 161KV, connecting some 54 substations. There are other voltage levels operated as part of the transmission network: these include; 330KV 225KV 69KV 21

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Overview of Power System 161kv Transmission Line 22 330kv Transmission Line

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Overview of Power System Substations Substations play an important role in a power system. Basically, a substation has three main functions; switching, transform the voltage, and control the voltage. An electrical power system is designed so that service will continue despite any damage or impairment to other components of the system by natural disaster or other phenomena. When a single element of the system is out of operation for a period of time, be it a few seconds or several days, the power system shall be capable of meeting the usual needs of the customer. Substations represent an important role in providing this reliability. 23

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Overview of Power System Master Stations and Subordinates Southern Network Services Volta Area Volta Substation 161/330KVV2 New Tema SubstationE4 Smelter SubstationS3 Achimota SubstationH5 Winneba SubstationW6 Mallam SubstationM37 Accra East SubstationAE59 Smelter II SubstationSM60 Afienya SubstationAN71 (Under Construction) 24

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Overview of Power System Southern Network Services Akosombo Area Akosombo SubstationA1 Tafo SubstationF15 Akwatia SubstationQ16 Kpong SubstationG17 New Kpong SubstationZ19 Asiekpe SubstationAP22 Ho Substation H023 Kpeve SubstationPE24 Kpandu SubstationPU25 Sogakope SubstationSK33 Aflao SubstationAF39 Kedjebi SubstationKD70 under construction 25

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Overview of Power System Southern Network Services Takoradi Area Takoradi SubstationT8 Cape Coast SubstationC7 Essiama SubstationEA34 Elubo Substation161/225KVEL36 Aboadze Enclave Tapco Substation 161/330KVTT32 T3 SubstationTE66 26

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Overview of Power System Southern Network Services Prestea Area Prestea SubstationP10 Bogoso SubstationBS30 Tarkwa SubstationR9 Akyempim SubstationAY42 27

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Overview of Power System Master Stations and Subordinates Northern Network Services Kumasi Area Kumasi Substation K13 Obuasi SubstationB12 New Obuasi SubstationNB21 Dunkwa SubstationD11 Asawinso SubstationAS20 Nkawkaw SubstationN14 Konongo SubstationJ18 Anwomaso SubstationAW58 Ayanfuri SubstationAR57 28

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Overview of Power System Master Stations and Subordinates Northern Network Services Techiman Area Techiman Substation TH26 Sunyani SubstationSN27 Mim SubstationMM62 Kintampo SubstationKP56 Sawla SubstationSA38 Bui SubstationBU54 Wa SubstationWA68 Atebubu SubstationAT65 ( under construction) Berekum SubstationBR63 ( under construction) Juabeso SubstationJB64 ( under construction ) 29

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Overview of Power System Master Stations and Subordinates Northern Network Services Tamale Area Tamale Substation TM28 Bolga SubstationBG29 Yendi SubstationYD35 Zebila SubstationZB53 Buipe SubstationBP55 Tumu SubstationTU69 Bawku Substation ( under construction) 30

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Overview of Power System System Interconnections As power systems expanded out from their urban cores, interconnections among neighboring systems became increasingly necessary and common. This allows neighboring utilities to form power pools that enable electricity trading, sharing of reserve capacity and enhance system security. 31

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Overview of Power System The power system of Ghana is interconnected with the power systems of Cote dIvoire, operated by CIE, Togo- Benin, operated by CEB, and Burkina Faso, operated by SONABEL. 32

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Overview of Power System AC Distribution System Distribution system is the electrical system between the Step down substation fed by the transmission system and the consumers meters. This is classified in two below; Primary Distribution system Secondary Distribution system 33

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Overview of Power System Primary Distribution This is part of an AC distribution system which operates at voltages some what higher than general utilization and handles large blocks of energy than the average low voltage consumer uses. The voltage used depends on the amount of power to be conveyed and distance to the substation required to be fed. 34 The common voltages used in primary distribution are 11/11.5kV and 33/34.5kV. Voltage is carried out by 3-phase, 3-wire system

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Overview of Power System Secondary Distribution System This part of an AC distribution system which includes the range of voltages at which the ultimate consumer utilizes the electrical energy delivered to him/her. It is achieved by a 3-phase, 4-wire system The voltage is 415/240V It is achieved by stepping down the primary distribution voltage through a 3-phase delta to star transformer-11kV/0.415kV) 35

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Overview of Power System Important Note: Hydro Power Generation Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy Thermal Power Generation Chemical Energy Heat Energy Mechanical Energy Electrical Energy 36

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Overview of Power System THANK YOU 37