presentation - electronic data interchange
TRANSCRIPT
FROMPrepared By :
Ashish Gunwal (12810017)
Ashish Aggarwal (12810018)
Kaushik Dutta
(12810043)
Siddharth Dikshit
(12810078)
Sharad Srivastava
(12810076)
and its importance in Indian
Scenario
INTRODUCTION
Definition
EDI (Electronic data interchange) is electronic exchange of business data/ documents between two organisations using pre-defined transaction formats
Constituents of EDI process
Hardware
Software
Standards
HISTORY
In 1968, the transportation industry recognized that the abundance of paperwork was beginning to present a problem
Transportation Data Committee (TDCC),is formed to develop standard formats for exchanging business information electronically
But, all the standards that were developed at this time supported only transportation related issues
In 1978, The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) used the pioneering work of TDCC to charter a committee known as the ASC (Accredited Standard Committee) X12
The main objective was to develop uniform standards for inter-industry electronic interchange of business transactions
In 1983, ANSI published the first five American National Standards for EDI.
Using X12 standards, users ran into problems when communicating electronically outside of their national boundaries
In 1988, the United Nations chartered
UN/EDIFACT (Electronic Data Interchange
For Administration, Commerce and Trade) to
develop international EDI standards
These standards take the form of United
Nations Standard Messages (UNSMs), which
are analogous to what ANSI X12 calls
Transaction Sets
Users involved in EDI will reap various
benefits: overseas expansion, expense
control, and the elimination of support for
multiple formats
EXAMPLE OF EDI
EDI- HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
EDI Hardware Requirements
Messaging Server
Security protocol implementation
EDI Software
Option 1: Readymade EDI Solutions
Follows global standards and templates
Industry specific solutions
Common platform for multi-partner interaction
Not customisable and dependence on vendor
Option 2 : Custom built solutions
Can be integrated with existing backend applications
Flexibility of enhancements
EDI STANDARDS
Definition
A set of rules, agreed upon, accepted, and adhered to by two entities, through which data is structured into electronic formats for exchange of information
Common standards requirements
Compatible hardware and software
Agreed data exchange templates
Common standards
ANSI X12 is the standard that any industry can use
United Nations/EDI For Administration Commerce and Trade
(UN/EDIFACT) is the standard for international EDI transactions
EDI LAYERED ARCHITECTURE
INFORMATION FLOW WITHOUT EDI
INFORMATION FLOW WITH EDI
EDI BENEFITS
Cost Reduction
Manpower, communications, resources, storage
Speed
Electronic transfer Vs mail/ courier
Accuracy
Avoids duplicate data entry and error margin
Security
Information less susceptible to interception/ falsification
System Integration
EDI can be integrated with internal system to push & pull data
EDI ISSUES
Initial and operative costs
Need to share master data with external
partners
Security concerns
Confidentiality of information
Authenticity of information
Requires continuous maintenance and
resources
EDI APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
Four different scenarios in industries that
use
EDI extensively:
International or cross-border trade
Electronic funds transfer
Health care EDI for insurance claims
processing
Manufacturing & retail procurement
MINISTRY OF COMMERCE OF INDIA
THE MINISTRY OF COMMERCE
The Ministry of Commerce and Industry
administers two departments, the Department
of Commerce and the Department of Industrial
Policy & Promotion. The head of the Ministry is
a Minister of Cabinet rank. The incumbent
Minister of Commerce and Industry is Anand
Sharma, who has held the post since 22 May
2009 and is assisted by Minister of State for
Commerce & Industry Sudarsana
Natchiappan
VISION AND MISSION The basic role of the Department of Commerce is to facilitate
creation of an enabling environment and infrastructure for accelerated growth of exports. The mandate is regulation, development and promotion of India’s international trade and commerce through formulation of appropriate international trade & commercial policy and implementation of the various provisions thereof.
The Department formulates, implements and monitors the Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) which provides the basic framework of policy and strategy to be followed for promoting exports and trade. The Trade Policy is periodically reviewed to incorporate changes necessary to take care of emerging economic scenarios both in the domestic and international economy.
Besides, the Department is also entrusted with responsibilities relating to multilateral and bilateral commercial relations, Special Economic Zones, State trading, export promotion and trade facilitation, and development and regulation of certain export oriented industries and commodities.
VISION AND MISSION
The long-term vision of the Department is to make India a major player in the world trade by 2020 and assuming a role of leadership in the international trade organizations, commensurate with India’s growing economy.
The policy tools being adopted in this context are contained in the Strategy Paper focussing on the targeted commodity and country-wise strategy in the medium term and the Strategic Plan / vision and the Foreign Trade Policy in the long run.
THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Administrative and General Division
Finance Division
Economic Division
Trade Policy Division
Foreign Trade Territorial Division
State Trading & Infrastructure Division
Supply Division
Plantation Division
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
International trade
Foreign Trade
State trading
Management of Indian Trade Services
Special Economic Zones
PERFORMANCE: EXPORT
During the period, Products which have recorded
good rates of Export growth (in $ terms) are
Agriculture & Allied Products (27.5%) of which
growth rate of Guargum Meal was (138.65%),
Meat & Preparations (11.84%) and Poultry & Dairy
Products (73.46%), Drugs, Pharmaceuticals &
Fine Chemicals (11.34%), Carpets (16.15%),
Petroleum Products (4.57%) and Machinery &
Instruments (3.53%).
PERFORMANCE: IMPORT
During the period, Products which have shown
high rates of Import growth (in $ terms) are
Petroleum Products (11.80%), Pulses
(25.97%), Vegetable Oil (19.92%), Organic
Chemical (7.75%), Artificial Resins (15.14%)
and Manufacture of Metals (3.35%).
TRADE FIGURES
TRADE IN INDIA
EDI IN DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
The government of India has established an EDI councilunder the Ministry of Commerce as the nodal agency forimplementation of EDI in India.
It is the apex body with representation from several keygovernment departments and representatives from tradeand industry.
The chairman of EC/EDI council is Secretary, Departmentof Commerce.
The council is responsible for laying down policyframework and directions.
CONTD.
Organisations like All India Management Association(AIMA), Federation of Indian Export Organisation(FIEO), Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) andNational Informatics Centre (NIC) conduct trainingprograms for bringing out awareness about EDI.
Besides two government networks i.e. VSNL of DoTand NICENET of NIC, there are also a number ofprivate sector EDI service provider in the countrysuch as Mahindra Network Services, Global TelecomServices Ltd., Satyam Infoway Network, ManipalControl Data , IBM Global Network Services, GEInformation Services.
CONTD.
DGCI&S receives the basic data from different customsformations and SEZs in the form of DTR (Daily TradeReturn) and then processes and compiles it usingstate-of-the-art technology. The Customs Authoritytransmits these DTRs in three different modes, namely,Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Non-EDI andManual. The EDI data is transmitted on-line throughIndian Customs EDI Gateway (ICEGATE) while theNon-EDI data is transmitted either through e-mail orCD and the rest through manually typed/ handwrittenformat.
While the EDI data is received on a daily basis fromICEGATE, the non-EDI/ manual ports send data on amonthly basis. Data from most of the SEZs is beingreceived through NSDL by e-mail on a monthly basis.
WHY EDI IN DOC?
Infrastructure poses a very important constraint
Transaction costs need to be substantially reduced
Implementation of robust contract labour policy needed
Substantial investment in R&D required in various sectors. Fiscal incentives required for export oriented R&D investment
Technology upgradation important in various sectors
Shortage of skilled personnel/manpower is an emerging concern in many sectors. This in spite of the ‘population dividend’
Import duty on certain inputs needs to be reduced
IMPLEMENTATION
Regulatory Organization Sector
Finance Sector
Transport Sector
Air Sector
Legal Sectors
E-COMMERCE IN INDIA
INTRODUCTION
Electronic commerce (or e-commerce) encompasses all business conducted by
means of computer networks.
STAKEHOLDERS
3 main flows in e-commerce
HOW THE MARKET EVOLVED IN INDIA
First wave: advent of online Naukri and Shaadi
Second wave: Online travel, Online retail
E-COMMERCE MARKET SIZE IN INDIA
India’s consumer-facing e-Commerce market (B2C-C2C) grew at a whopping
CAGR of 49.1% from 2007 to 2011 to reach a market size of US$9.9 billion.
On the other hand, the B2B market is a small contributor to the overall domestic
e-Commerce market, and it was estimated at US$50.37 million in 2011.
FIRST TO SECOND WAVE: FUNDAMENTAL ENABLERS FALLING
IN PLACE
INTERNET PENETRATION IN INDIA
Internet penetration in India was 11.4% as of June 2012, one of the lowest
worldwide.
PAYMENT LANDSCAPE
The number of cards per capita in India is a mere 0.2 and is among the
lowest in the world.
CHALLENGES FOR E-COMMERCE
SECTORe-Commerce laws in India
There are no specific e-Commerce laws in India. The sector is governed by the IT Act 2000, which regulates the legal obligations of sellers and buyers of goods and services in cyberspace.
e-Commerce companies also need to comply with banking and financial laws, where applicable.
The lack of law firms or lawyers specializing in e-Commerce laws compounds the problem.
Low entry barriers leading to reduced competitive advantages
The rapid growth of the e-Commerce sector is attracting new players. The initial investment required to start an online venture is as low as a US$10,000–20,000.
This enables new companies to easily replicate the existing business models and, thereby, increases competition in the sector
CHALLENGES FOR E-COMMERCE SECTOR
Urban phenomenon
India’s e-Commerce market is mainly restricted to urban areas, with the bulk of
the business being restricted to cities. Internet usage in rural areas is limited.
This could be due to several reasons including low internet speed and internet
user base (20 million out of a total of 121 million in 2011), though rural areas
account for 70% of the country’s population.
Customer loyalty
e-Commerce players offer huge discounts to lure people to shop online.
However, since Indian consumer looks for the lowest price before making a
purchase, the cost of customer acquisition is high for these companies.
Moreover, since a large number of players offer the same products at the same
prices, switching cost is non-existent. Consequently, a customer’s lifetime value
is low. This poses a challenge for players in their effort to develop sound
strategies to attract and
generate repeat customers.
EDI IN INDIA
The government of India has established an EDI council under the
Ministry of Commerce as the nodal agency for implementation of EDI in
India.
It is the apex body with representation from several key government
departments and representatives from trade and industry.
The chairman of EC/EDI council is Secretary, Department of Commerce.
The council is responsible for laying down policy framework and
directions.
Organisations like All India Management Association (AIMA), Federation
of Indian Export Organisation (FIEO), Indian Institute of Foreign Trade
(IIFT) and National Informatics Centre (NIC) conduct training programs
for bringing out awareness about EDI.
Besides two government networks i.e. VSNL of DoT and NICENET of
NIC, there are also a number of private sector EDI service provider in
the country such as Mahindra Network Services, Global Telecom
Services Ltd., Satyam Infoway Network, Manipal Control Data , IBM
Global Network Services, GE Information Services.
EDI IN INDIA (CONTD..)
EC
/ED
I C
ou
ncil
EC/EDI COUNCIL
Promotion and propagation of EDI and Electronic
Commerce
Creating awareness and education among the
potential EC/EDI functionaries and users
Streamlining procedures and practices
Attending to legal issues
Human resource development
Any other issue connected with EDI and Electronic
Commerce
INDIA EDIFACT COMMITTEE
The India EDIFACT (EDI For Administration, Commerce and Transport)
Committee and the EDI Working Group were created by Ministry of Commerce
for directing the task of promoting EDI in the country.
The council formally adopted UN/EDIFACT message as the standard of
conducting EDI in country.
India EDIFACT committee is chairman my Additional Secretary at Department of
Commerce.
The India EDIFACT Committee (IEC) is responsible for formulating standards,
streamlining the procedures in line with UN/EDIFACT and maintain liaison with
UN/EDIFACT bodies.
The working group is responsible for motivating various functionaries in the
government and ensure scheduled implementation of program.
To address all the information needed on different sectors and its interface
with UN/EDIFACT standards following Message Development Groups
are working :–
Ports Message Development Group under Indian Ports Association
(IPA)
Airports Message Development Group under Airports Authority of
India (AAI)
Financial Message Development Group under Indian Banks
Association (IBA)
Customs Message Development Group under Central Board of
Excise & Custom (CBEC)
Private Sector Message Development Group under Federation of
Indian Export Organisations (FIEO)
INDIA EDIFACT COMMITTEE (CONTD..)
CO-ORDINATED EC/EDI PROJECT
To facilitate international trade a co-ordinated EC/EDI implementation
project is underway in following departments/organisations :-
Customs Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Directorate General of Foreign Trade
(DGFT)
Scheduled Banks
Apparel Export Promotion
Council/Cotton & Textile Export
Promotion Council etc.
Airlines
Port Trusts Indian Railways
Airport Authority of India (AAI) CHA/Freight Forwarders
Container Corporation of India
(CONCOR)
Export Promotion Organisation
REGULATORY ORGANIZATION SECTOR
Customs:
Two important areas identified for EDI implementation caters toelectronic filing and processing of documents related to exportand import clearances.
The system to facilitate electronic filing of shipping bill and bill ofentry etc., documents by the individual/agents to Customs alongwith electronic interface with the community partners formessage exchange.
The community partners for customs system are broadly Banks,Airlines, Airport Authority of India (AAI), AEPC, Sea Ports,TEXPROCIL, DGFT etc.
The information/data sharing with the community partner to takeplace electronically and the messages need to confirm to theEDIFACT standards adopted by the country.
The manual submission of GR-1 form to be replaced by theelectronic copy.
DGFT:
There are 32 DGFT Zonal/Regional Offices scattered throughout the
country.
The EDI implementation in DGFT would facilitate electronic
submission and processing of licensing and other applications in the
office of DGFT.
The community partner for EDI implementation in DGFT are broadly
exporter/importer, export promotion organisation, Customs, Banks,
RBI etc.
The licensing details would be shared between DGFT and Customs
whereas the shipment details against the licences be shared
between customs and DGFT.
REGULATORY ORGANIZATION SECTOR
AEPC/TEXPROCIL:
There are thirteen offices of AEPC & TEXPROCIL each scatteredthroughout the country.
EDI based processing is proposed to be implemented. The systemwould facilitate electronic sharing of information between thecommunity partners specially related to the quota management andclearances of shipping documents confirming to quota requirements.
It is expected that the system would facilitate electronic filing of theshipping documents by the user, endorsement of quota clearanceson the shipping documents by AEPC/TEXPROCIL and its sharingwith customs electronically.
It is also expected that the quota clearances information would alsobe electronically shared between AEPC and US customs under theElectronics Visa (ELVIS) system whereas with European Unionunder Import Licensing System (SIGL).
REGULATORY ORGANIZATION SECTOR
Central Excise:
The EDI based processing would be induced into the functioning of
Central Excise especially with respect to the documents facilitating
clearances of export/import consignments.
REGULATORY ORGANIZATION SECTOR
Banks:
The banks would introduce EDI based processing into their
functioning which would facilitate inter-bank and intra-bank
transactions in electronic media as well as user interface for
electronic clearances/payments. This system would create an
environment for electronic payment/receipts by the banks.
FINANCIAL SECTOR
Sea Ports:
There are eleven Ports (Calcutta, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin,
Mumbai, JNPT, Goa, New Mangalore, Vizag, Kandla and Paradip)
which are required to implement EDI based processing. However,
during the first phase six container handling ports were taken up.
These ports are Calcutta, Chennai, Cochin, Tuticorin, Mumbai and
JNPT. Remaining Ports have initiated study and development
exercise.
The system would facilitate electronic submission/sharing of all
types of documents with the community partners. The community
partners in this case are Shipping-line, Customs, Agents, Banks,
CONCOR, Railways etc.
It is expected that the EDI based documents handling will also
induce efficiency into the functioning of the Ports. The documents
related to the goods being transported by ship can be shared with
the Ports in EDI mode well in advance i.e. before the ships calls on
the Port.
The interface with CONCOR and Indian Railways would facilitate
effective movement of containers/goods from, to Ports.
TRANSPORT SECTOR
CONCOR:
The EDI implementation in CONCOR would facilitate effective
and efficient handling of container related documents between
CONCOR and its community partners. The community partners
in this case would broadly be Ports, ICDs, Agents, Banks, Indian
Railways etc. The system would facilitate efficient handling,
management and tracking of containers by CONCOR and
related organisations.
TRANSPORT SECTOR
Indian Railways:
Indian Railways would automate their Freight movement systemso that a integrated system of cargo movement can take placebetween all the community partners of Indian Railways. Thecommunity partners in this case are Ports, CONCOR, Agentsetc. The containers from Ports to ICDs through CONCOR andIndian Railways would be effectively traced and tracked if asuitable EDI based system gets into position.
AAI:
The AAI would facilitate EDI based cargo handling system in itsfunctioning by all the offices of AAI. The system, in addition toadoption of tracing and tracking of cargo in AAI as part of the totalautomation, will facilitate EDI based linkages with trading partners.These, in turn, would handle IGM and EGM informationelectronically. The EDI based interface with Customs, Airlines,Agents etc.., would be implemented by AAI as part of the EDIimplementation.
AIR SECTOR
Airlines:
The airlines and its community partners like Customs, AAI,
Agents etc.., can effectively share the IGM, EGM and other
related information for speedy clearances of import and export
consignments.
PROCESS REENGINEERING
With the advent of EC/EDI in India, the focus turned towards process
re-engineering as most Government departments and public
enterprises tend to continue with cumbersome procedures,
enormous documentation and complex rules that caused delays. A
process re-engineering committee was constituted which has
submitted its report for streamlining the processes leading to
effective and efficient information flow between Customs, AAI, Ports,
DGFT and their associated agencies. The report is being
implemented by the concerned departments.
LEGAL ISSUES
For the promotion and development of EC/EDI it is necessary to have an
institutional arrangement for recognition of electronically transacted
documents as a valid instrument in Court of Law. This calls for various
related issues of authentication of electronic transaction, computer
crime, digital signature, creation of certification authority etc., to be
handled.
In order to handle these issues an inter-ministerial committee under the
Department of Commerce has gone into the details of the legal issues,
which need to be addressed for electronic commerce and the
amendments required in the various India Acts for the admissibility of
EC/EDI documents in the court of Law.
The group submitted its report to Ministry of Law. The final report (called
IT Bill’99) prepared by Legislative Department after integrating this and
the initiative of Department of Electronics (now called MIT) was
presented to the Parliament for approval.
LEGAL ISSUES
Information Technology Act, 2000 was passed in May, 2000. It has become
applicable from 17th October, 2000.
The Act provides legal recognition for transactions carried out by means of
electronic data interchange and other means of electronic communication,
commonly referred to as "electronic commerce", which involve the use of
alternatives to paper-based methods of communication and storage of
information, to facilitate electronic filing of documents with the Government
agencies and further to amend the Indian Penal Code, the Indian Evidence Act,
1872, the Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891 and the Reserve Bank of India
Act, 1934 and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
It covers Digital Signature, E-Governance, Attribution, Acknowledgement And
Dispatch Of Electronic Records, Secure Electronic Records And Secure Digital
Signatures, Regulation Of Certifying Authorities, Digital Signature Certificates,
Duties Of Subscribers, Penalties And Adjudication, The Cyber Regulations
Appellate Tribunal, Offences etc.
NATIONAL STANDARDS IN EDI
EDIFACT standards for EDI implementation
EANCOM for commercial transactions
EAN International codes for bar coding
- All the regulatory and facilitator organizations implementing
EC/EDI are working towards standardization of messages
being exchanged between organizations as well as with the
user community. Following standards have been declared
as national standard for India
EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
EDICOM’96
30th Oct., 1996 – 1st Nov., 1996
New Delhi
EDICON’98 – ‘Trade facilitation thru Electronic Commerce’
28th - 30th May, 1998
New Delhi
EDICON’99 - ‘Electronic Commerce - A window for new millennium’
11th - 12th Nov., 1999
Mumbai.
- Ministry of Commerce also organizes EDICON (An international
conference and exhibition on Trade Facilitation (TF/EC/EDI) every year
along with special session for CEOs of top Indian companies.
ISSUES PERTAINING TO EDI IN INDIA
Private Company’s Overview Limited solution options
Inability to trade with their entire business community or meet compliance requirements
Low quality of services and high costs
Limited or poor customer service
The companies which are already using EDI services are facing many challengesrelated to the management of their EDI application.
Expensive solutions that are not cost-effective for their situation
Technology requirements beyond their capabilities
Limited support or implementation
Inability to meet trading partner needs
ISSUES PERTAINING TO EDI IN INDIA
Government’s Overview
Case Study 1 - EU-India Maritime Transport Project (Making EDI Work in India)
Don’t leave it to the technologists! Get involved!
What is EDI?
Who communicates with whom?
Change Management
Education and Training
Insecurity
Acceptability
CASE STUDY – 2
Department of Health and Human Services -
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL (USA)
CHALLENGES PERTAINING TO EDI (GENERAL)
Lack of top management support
Negative staff attitude
Inadequate IT staff training and inadequate non IT staff training
Lack of trust of other EDI partners
Lack of flexibility
Lack of maintainability
Lack of awareness of benefits of EDI
MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Establish dialogue between all parties involved to discern EDI implementation
strategies and timelines long before EDI implementation.
Joint planning and system specification that will facilitate the process of EDI
implementation and application.
Provide EDI education and help to the trading partners to increase the number
of trading partners and the speed with which trading partners comply.
User participation in planning, analysis, design, construction, and installation is
also necessary for EDI project success.
Encouragement of the constant evaluation, continuous improvement, and
ongoing exploration of new opportunities for EDI among all stakeholders is very
important.
Change Management
Risk Mitigation Strategies
Disaster Recovery Plan
Proper Documentation of Key Learnings/Findings
GENERIC BENEFITS
EDI and other similar technologies save a company money by providing an alternative to, or replacing, information flows that require a great deal of human interaction and paper documents.
EDI and similar technologies allow a company to take advantage of the benefits of storing and manipulating data electronically without the cost of manual entry.
Reduced errors, such as shipping and billing errors, because EDI eliminates the need to rekey documents on the destination side.
Speed in which the trading partner receives and incorporates the information into their system thus greatly reducing cycle times.
EDI can be an important component of just-in-time production systems.
Implementing inexpensive "rip and read" solutions, where the EDI format is printed out in human readable form.
For Governments - Cost efficiency, Increased speed, Improved accuracy, Better logistics management and increased productivity, Transparency, Better Value to Taxpayers money and increased Social Good.
CONCLUSION
India being pioneer most countries to adopt EDI (early adoption)
General and widespread acceptance
Innovation and Updations
Migration from Manual to Electronic
Rules and Regulatory Framework from supportive Governments to enable EDI migration and structured Framework environment
Emergence of multiple EDI service providers
Emergence and acceptability for VANs (Value added Networks)
IT Revolution
Open (Web) enabled EDI (Cloud based and Mobile)
Continuous efforts for Change Management through Education, Training, Shows, Conferences and Workshops etc.
Enroute to become World Leaders in EDI Transactions
Effort to make 100% Digital Transactions by 2030 and make complete GDP activities through EDI route.
QUERIES?????????