Cross-culture comunications

Cross-Cultural Communication Incorporation

Introduction: How did it start? Field of studyCold war (After WWII) Business: individual-country capitalism to global capitalism.Study: found within businesses and government

What expertise say?Yvonne Pratt-Johnson (Her Research) St. John's University (Queens, New York, USA) once said: Cross-cultural communication requires diving below the surface to see the rest of the iceberg, and it involves onion peeling, too, acquiring a corpus of deeper cultural information that might affect how one interacts with the other.While the iceberg and onion metaphors speak to the complex nature of culture, they also evoke an array of feelings.Cross-Culture communication, undoubtedly, is a complex process. It is multi-layered and multifaceted like iceberg. It is indeed compared to an iceberg because only the top is visible while a massive part remains unobservable below the surface of the water.The same goes when you communicate with someone from different culture, a huge part remains undiscovered when you first meet and communicate.Others have compared culture to an onion with its many layers. As one layer is peeled, another layer lies beneath, waiting to be discovered which shows varieties of feelings. Both metaphors powerfully address the complexity of culture. Anthony Pym - Scholar NOW

University of Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, SpainCross-cultural communication a perceived crossing of a point.

What expertise say?

Researcher from St. John's University (Queens, New York, USA)Cross-cultural communication requires diving below the surface to see the rest of the iceberg, and it involves onion peeling, too, acquiring a corpus of deeper cultural information that might affect how one interacts with the other.While the iceberg and onion metaphors speak to the complex nature of culture, they also evoke an array of feelings.

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Khan Abas (KA) -

Complex processMulti-layered and multifaceted like iceberg. The top is visible while a massive part remains unobservableSame goes when you communicate with someone from different culture

What expertise say ?

An onion with its many layersOne layer is peeledWaiting to be discovered Shows varieties of FeelingsComplexity of cultureWhat expertise say ?

Scenario 1: Salary

Scenario 2:

What expertise say ?

The Increase of Global TradeInevitable that unlike cultures will meet People find it difficult to communicate For example, In Americaindividualistic cultures self is dominant or independent Asia and southern Europe, interdependent cultures interdependent on each other.

Importance

Increasing pressures and opportunitiesInc. of Int. networking alliances Essential mechanism for the internationalizationPressure on communication when there is opportunities

Importance

Public or private goals Collaboration in some cases Communication strikes More or less from diff. backgroundImportance

Largest course Central to both theoretical and applied linguistics. Examining very detailed processIn all careers

Education

History -Smoke signals-Letters-Telephone-Computer-Social Media

Cross cultural communicationExpand globally Language trainingAbroad

Pressure for universitiesIntercultural and international understandingGlobal competence

What is Culture?Culture: It is defined as the shared believes, motives, identities and interpretations that results from common experiences of members of the society that are transmitted across generations. (House, Hanges, Javian, Dorfan, Gupta, 2004)Adapted from: (Lau and Chiau, 2009)

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Perception of reality: Beauty

Business Culture

Pragmatism: how every society has to maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future, Think cgange act knowIndulgence- the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses (low is restrained- do not put much emphasis on leisure time and control the gratification of their desires.)18

Business Culture

Scenario Tom from US flies to China for a business deal with Mr. LeeDuring their business meeting, they ran into some difficulties during their business negotiations. Tom spoke quickly and profusely because he wanted to seal the deal as soon as possible. However, Mr. Lee wanted to get to know Jack, and he felt that Tom spoke too much.

ResultMr. Lee also felt that Tom was only concerned with completing the deal for his own self-interest and was not concerned with the overall good of the company. Tom's nonverbal cues did not help the negotiations either.

ImplicationThis is form of a barrier due to different cultural norms.This can be explained by the Lewis Model

Lewis Modelhow people from different cultures vary: handle interpersonal distance, silence, and eye contacthow their communication styles are reflected in the language patterns they usehow they view the truthwhat their values, attitudes and world views are

Lewis ModelSeparated into 3 Parts corresponding to its colours.Blue: Linear ActiveRed: Multi ActiveYellow: Reactive

Blue: Linear ActiveLinear-active individuals are private, unemotional, and task-oriented.

Red: Multi ActiveOpposite of Linear Active, they are:Sociable, emotional, and people-oriented

Yellow: ReactiveMix of both Linear and Multi Active:They are good listeners quiet and yet caring, respectful, people-oriented

Referenceshttps://www.google.com.hk/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&q=yvonne+pratt+johnson&spell=1&sa=X&ei=fANvVJWFOKLamgXi5YCQDw&ved=0CBkQvwUoAA&dpr=0.9&biw=1517&bih=783#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=drsO3Tv2ir_ILM%253A%3BMzV7zyLxeKcTrM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.stjohns.edu%252Fsites%252Fdefault%252Ffiles%252Fstyles%252Fevent_detail%252Fpublic%252Ffaculty%252Fphoto%252Fphotograph_pratt-johnson.jpg%253Fitok%253DRfT5pP2r%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.stjohns.edu%252Facademics%252Fbio%252Fyvonne-pratt-johnson-edd%3B260%3B189https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=what%20does%20that%20mean&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.&bvm=bv.80185997,d.dGY&biw=1517&bih=783&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=sw5vVKi5KYeimQXXi4DgCA#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=jT37ZS2_doUsYM%253A%3BMOULat6EjEZoTM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fresearchmaniacs.com%252FWhatDoes%252FWhatDoesThatMean.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fresearchmaniacs.com%252FWhatDoes%252FThatMean.html%3B400%3B297