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What is compost?What is compost?

Compost is wellCompost is well

decomposed organicdecomposed organic

wastes like plantwastes like plant

residues, animalresidues, animal

dung, and urine earthdung, and urine earth

from cattle sheds,from cattle sheds,

waste fodder etc.waste fodder etc.


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What is vermicomposting?What is vermicomposting?

VermicompostingVermicomposting

is a type ofis a type of

compost making incompost making in

which earthwormswhich earthwormsare used to convertare used to convert

organic wastes intoorganic wastes into

valuable materialvaluable material

to supply nutrientsto supply nutrientsfor crops.for crops.


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The Danger of RottingThe Danger of Rotting

WasteWaste

Nuisance of rodents and pestsNuisance of rodents and pests

Unhygienic surroundingsUnhygienic surroundingsHealth hazardsHealth hazards

Potential invitation to majorPotential invitation to majorepidemic.epidemic.


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Fact File on WasteFact File on Waste

700000 tonnes of waste generated in India700000 tonnes of waste generated in Indiadaily of which:daily of which:

300000 tonnes is bio-degradable waste.300000 tonnes is bio-degradable waste.

Corporations spend around Rs.40000 croresCorporations spend around Rs.40000 crores

for collecting and dumping waste as landfor collecting and dumping waste as landfill, every year.fill, every year.

Land fill areas evaporating all around.Land fill areas evaporating all around.

Supreme court directive to all municipalSupreme court directive to all municipal

corporations to dispose off the waste bycorporations to dispose off the waste byrecycling or composting by the end of 2003.recycling or composting by the end of 2003.


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waste

Generation of electricityGeneration of electricity

Gasification.Gasification.

Making bricks. (For construction)Making bricks. (For construction)

Making Brickquet. (As fuel)Making Brickquet. (As fuel)

Making Compost an organic soil fertilizer andMaking Compost an organic soil fertilizer andconditionerconditioner


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Natures Way ofDegenerating Waste

All bio-degradable materials are converted toAll bio-degradable materials are converted to

compost by nature through microbes.compost by nature through microbes.

The limitation of this process is the long timeThe limitation of this process is the long time

duration. It takes about 8-10 months.duration. It takes about 8-10 months.

The time taken is directly proportional to theThe time taken is directly proportional to the

number of microbes acting on thenumber of microbes acting on the

decomposing material.decomposing material.


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BEDDING

KITCHEN WASTE

TEMPERATURE.

BIN MAINTAINANCE

STARTING

OFF

WORMS

FOOD

MOISTUREAERATION

FEEDING

HARVESTING


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1800 species of earthworm

Three types of earthworm

ANECIC (out of the earth) ENDOGEIC (within the earth)

EPIGEIC (upon the earth)

Commonly known as EISENIAFEOTIDA


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WORM FOODWORM FOOD

CATTLEMANURECATTLE MANURE

POULTRYMANUREPOULTRYMANURE

SHEEP/GOATMA NURESHEEP/GOATMANU RE

HOGMANUREHOGMANURE

RABBIT MANURERABBIT MANURE

FRESH FOODSCRAPSFRESH FOODSCRAPS

PRE-COMPOSTE DFOODWASTESPRE-COMPOSTED FOODWASTES

BIOSOLIDS(HUMAN WASTE)BIOSOLIDS(HUMAN WASTE)

SEAWEEDSEAWEED

LEGUMEHAYS GRAINSLEGUMEHAYS GRAINS

CARDBOARD(INC LUDINGWAXED)CARDBOARD( INCLUDINGWAXED)

FISH,POULTRYOFFAL,BLOODWASTES,ANIMALMORTATIESFISH,POULTRYOFFAL,BLOODWASTES,ANIMALMORTATIES


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AERATIONAERATION

WORMS ARE OXYGEN BREATHERSWORMS ARE OXYGEN BREATHERS AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC AEROBIC & ANAEROBIC

REQUIRE OXYGEN DO NOT REQUIREREQUIRE OXYGEN DO NOT REQUIRE

FAST DECOMPOSERS SLOW DECOMPOSERSFAST DECOMPOSERS SLOW DECOMPOSERS


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BEDDINGBEDDING PROVIDES A LIVING MEDIUM NPROVIDES A LIVING MEDIUM N

FOOD SOURCEFOOD SOURCE

SHOULD BE MOIST &SHOULD BE MOIST &

FASCILITATE BREATHINGFASCILITATE BREATHING

MATERIAL USED SHREDEDMATERIAL USED SHREDED

NEWSPAPER, MANURE, DRIEDNEWSPAPER, MANURE, DRIED

LEAVESLEAVES AVOID USING GLOSSYAVOID USING GLOSSY

PAPER, CAT LITTER, HUMANPAPER, CAT LITTER, HUMAN

WASTEWASTE


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TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

IT SHOULD NOT DROP BELOWIT SHOULD NOT DROP BELOWFREEZING PT. & RISE ABOVEFREEZING PT. & RISE ABOVE85`F85`F

IT FASCILITATES INDOORIT FASCILITATES INDOORCOMPOSTINGCOMPOSTING

PREFERABLE TEMPERATURE ISPREFERABLE TEMPERATURE ISUPTO 55` TO 70`FUPTO 55` TO 70`F


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KITCHEN WASTEKITCHEN WASTE

BROWN MATTERBROWN MATTER

SHREDDEDSHREDDED

PAPERPAPER

GREEN MATTERGREEN MATTER

FOOD SCRAPSFOOD SCRAPS


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BIN MAINTAINANCEBIN MAINTAINANCE

BIN MUST BREATHEBIN MUST BREATHE

OPTIMUMOPTIMUM

MOISTURE SHOULDMOISTURE SHOULDBE MAINTAINEDBE MAINTAINED

ALKALINITYALKALINITY

SHOULD BESHOULD BEMAINTAINEDMAINTAINED


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FEEDINGFEEDING

TOP FEEDINGTOP FEEDING

HERE THEHERE THEMATTER ISMATTER ISDIRECTLYDIRECTLYPLACED ONPLACED ONTHE EXISTINGTHE EXISTING

LAYERLAYER

POCKETPOCKETFEEDINGFEEDING

HERE THE TOPHERE THE TOPLAYER ISLAYER ISMAINTAINED &MAINTAINED &FOOD ISFOOD IS

BURRIEDBURRIEDBENEATHBENEATH


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HARVESTINGHARVESTING

THE COMPOST IS READY TO BETHE COMPOST IS READY TO BEHARVESTED WHEN THERE AREHARVESTED WHEN THERE AREFEW OR NO SCRAPS OF FOODFEW OR NO SCRAPS OF FOOD

REMAINING IN THE BINREMAINING IN THE BIN TWO MOST IMPORTANT WAYSTWO MOST IMPORTANT WAYS

AREARE

1.1. DUMPING OR HAND SORTINGDUMPING OR HAND SORTING

2.2. SIDE HARVESTINGSIDE HARVESTING


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Advantages ofAdvantages ofVermicompostVermicompost

In the kitchen itselfIn the kitchen itself

In compounds of co-operative society.In compounds of co-operative society.

In backyard of houses.In backyard of houses.In the area between the buildings ofIn the area between the buildings ofhousing boards or big housing colonies.housing boards or big housing colonies.

In corners of public gardens.In corners of public gardens.

Or on allocated Municipal areas.Or on allocated Municipal areas.


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Benefits & constraints ofBenefits & constraints of

VermicompostingVermicomposting Vermicompost is an ecofriendly naturalVermicompost is an ecofriendly natural

fertilizer prepared from biodegradablefertilizer prepared from biodegradableorganic wastes and is free from chemicalorganic wastes and is free from chemicalinputs.inputs.

It does not have any adverse effect on soil,It does not have any adverse effect on soil,plant and environment.plant and environment.

It improves soil aeration, texture and tilthIt improves soil aeration, texture and tilththereby reducing soil compaction.thereby reducing soil compaction.

It improves water retention capacity of soilIt improves water retention capacity of soilbecause of its high organic matter content.because of its high organic matter content.

It promotes better root growth and nutrientIt promotes better root growth and nutrientabsorption.absorption.

It improves nutrient status of soil-bothIt improves nutrient status of soil-bothmacro-nutrients and micro-nutrients.macro-nutrients and micro-nutrients.


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Large scale productionLarge scale production

ParticularsParticulars BricksCementBricksCement SandSand

JellyStone poles or pillersJellyStone poles or pillersNilgiri or Casurina poles (for roofing )Nilgiri or Casurina poles (for roofing ) Local wood reapers( to fix tiles) if tiles areLocal wood reapers( to fix tiles) if tiles are

usedused

TilesTiles Labour charges (Carpentry & mason)Labour charges (Carpentry & mason)MiscellaneousCost of earthwormsTotalMiscellaneousCost of earthwormsTotal


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