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The StrategyStructure and Approach

Lotta Andersson, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMH I)

Baltadapt 3rd Policy Forum, Tallinn

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What is the role of the Strategy and Action Plan?

WHAT? StrategyHOW? Action Plan

Strategy: Provide goals and visions. Clarifies link s to other strategies and added value in a multilevel

governance perspective “what in it for me”. Identif ies coordinators and implementers. Provides the “rules of

the game” regarding exposure , impact and vulnerabilities to climate change .

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Why a BSR Strategy and Action Plan?

”Connected region with informed actors on all levels responding to climate change in a way that ensures prosperity, competiveness, as well as clean water, and rich and healthy wildlife”• Sharing of the Sea and its River Basin - adaptation or lack of adaptation

might have consequences crossing national boundaries• Solidarity - ensure that most exposed and vulnerable regions/sectors

/environments/individuals increase their adaptive capacity • Coordinate actions witan sectors integrated through EU policies and the

single market • Need for a “Common BSR voice” in international contexts to ensure that

the specific vulnerability of the Baltic Sea and its river basin to climate change is acknowledged in EU and international policies

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The Process • Policy forum

– Berlin (April 2012), Stockholm (December 2012), Tallinn (May 2013)– Involve decision-makers and other macro-regional, national and local

actors to prepare for political endorsement

– Stakeholder workshops• EU (DG Clima, DG Reggio) – The European Commission adopted

an EU strategy on adaptation on 16 April 2013.• Final consultation phase (7th June action plan, 14th June strategy)

TourismWarnemuende )

Farming (Norrköping)

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Sub-criteria Vision (2020) Baseline (2013)

Relation to goals in the EU Strategy for Climate Adaptation

Raising awareness Awareness of climate change and its potential impact on society and the environment, as well as the possibilities of adaptation permeates macro-regional agreements, regional education and training collaborations, as well as regional cooperation between authorities at all geographic levels, researchers, and private parties.

Scattered fulfilment

Sharing a macro-regional knowledge base

A "Baltic Window" linked to "the European Climate Adaptation Platform" includes relevant information or links to information on climate change adaptation, including access to open source data for research purposes and communication of “good examples

Work initiated

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Research cooperation in order to identify and address gaps of knowledge

An interdisciplinary approach to climate adaptation is included as a horizontal aspect of all scientific cooperation in the region, where it is relevant.

Scattered fulfilment

2020: Priority knowledge gaps identified in 2013 have been closed

Facilitating science-policy dialogues on all levels

Decision makers among authorities as well as among private actors have access to interactive visualization-based tools for dialogues about climate adaptation. These are part of a well-developed and frequently used access to a combination of web-based on real-life meeting places for researchers, authorities and private actors representing specific sectors, such as the horizontal (between stakeholders in the same geographical level) and vertical (e.g. between stakeholders on local, national and macro-regional levels ) dialogues

Scattered fulfilment

2020: Communication tools allow for available information on climate change adaptation to be accessible for decision-makers, including Member States, local authorities and firms

Cooperation to prepare for increased risk of disasters due to climate change

Access to operational warning system in the region relevant to climate-change induced increased exposure in different sectors (such as infrastructure, agriculture, health) either by common BSR systems or through other types of cooperation between different warning system services in the region.

Scattered fulfilment

Sub-criteria Vision (2020) Baseline (2013)

Relation EU strategy

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Cooperation related to national strategies

National climate change adaptation strategies available in all BSR states, with the exchange of information through collaboration on the "Baltic Window," as well as through other established forms of cooperation in the preparation and updating of climate adaptation strategies and action plans.

Scattered 2017: All Member States have adopted (an) Adaptation Strateg(y)ies, complemented by regional or local adaptation strategies when appropriate.

Promoting sector-relevant macro-regional cooperation on adaptation to challenges and business opportunities

BSR relevant cooperation within all business sectors in society where this is relevant (e.g., agriculture, tourism, fisheries, energy, construction of infrastructure).

Sporadic

Macro-regional cooperation in order to ensure funding of adaptation measures

Access to the estimates of the cost related to climate change adaptation in different sectors. Access to finance in the BSR that enables prioritization of action on adaptation to the most exposed and vulnerable parts of the region, as well as to the most vulnerable sectors and individuals.

Limited

Sub-criteria Vision (2020) Baseline (2013)

Relation EU strategy

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Suggested Coordination

EUBSR Horizontal Action ”Sustainable Development and Bioeconomy” (CBSS, Nordic Council of Ministers). Indicator: BSR Climate Adaptation Strategy and Action plan agreed on by all nations.

1. Agree on the most important issues to focus on an d initiate policy-science and multilevel governance dialogues related to climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction issues of common concerns in the BSR, with specific consideration to issues with cross-border implications.

2. Promote actions based on recommendations emanating from these dialogues or other relevant initiatives.

Polliticians, authoriges,

private actors, NGO:s,

reesarchers

Steering group

CBSS

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Implementers and Facilitators – Building on

Existing Cooperation and “Match Making” Intergovernmental organisations, e.g. CBSS, Nordic Council of Ministries, HELCOM, VASAB, Baltic Sea Parliamentary Conference, Cooperation on local and sub-regional level, e.g.: Union of the Baltic Cities, Baltic Sea States Sub-regional Co-operation (BSSSC) .Cooperation including the business community, e.g. Baltic Development Forum (BDF), Baltic Sea Chambers of Commerce Association (BCCA), Baltic Sea Tourism Commission (BTC), Baltic Sea Action Group (BSAG Non-governmental organizations, e.g.

Baltic Sea NGO networkScientific and educational networks, and knowledge brokering, e.g.BALTEX, Baltic Sea University Program (BUP) Funding of research, cooperation and investments, e.g.; Baltic Sea Region Programme , BONUS

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Exposure to Climate Change High certainty

Long timehorizon

Annual air temperature

Warmer summers

More heat waves

More storms, high waves

More events with extreme precipitation

More severe dry spells, especially in the southern areas

Sea level rise (first in south, eventually in the whole region)

Good observation data and ensembles of regionally downscaled models needed

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Reducing Vulnerability• Focus on assessments of adaptive capacity - iterative process with stakeholders on all

levels • Solidarity by actions that reduce vulnerability where it is most needed. • Win-wins between various environmental and socio-economic goals and avoidance of

unexpected negative impacts • Create forums that enable integration of polices and knowledge across sectors and

administrative levels. • Merge top-down and bottom-up approaches - BSR wide indexes but also stressing

local drivers and barriers

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Prioritization of Issues

• High PROBABILITY that a change will occur • Short TIME HORIZION until change is significant • High MACRO-REGIONAL interest in issue • High RISK without or PROBABLITY with adaptation

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Marine Biodiversity and Habitats

THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR: ACTIONS MAINLY IN THE BASIN

WARMER, LESS SALINE, MORE NUTRIENT

TRANSPORT FROM LAND

• Loss of original flora and fauna

• Anoxic sediments lead to loss of

communities of organism that live at the

sea bottom

• Change of composition of algae belts

• Higher survival rates of invasive species

• Changed population of birds and

decrease of the ringed seal, with

secondary ecosystem impacts

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AgriculturePossibilites: Higher crop yields New crops - larger crop variety. Longer vegetation periods. Longer periods for pasture grazing. Challenges: Introduction of new animal and plant pests and spread of weeds. High soil mineralization and heavy rains cause increased leaching of nutrients. Ventilation problems in big pig farms. More problems with flooding. THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR: (1) Cross-border system including learning about new diseases and pests as well as methods to mitigate the impact of these on crop yield (2) Macro- regional insurance system for economic losses during extreme events, based on a solidarity and risk reduction concept

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Fish and Fish Stock

• Limited possibilities for re-colonization from other marine areas and limited possibilities to “escape” climate change by shifting distribution ranges northwards

• Lower salinity and warmer water - fewer species, more freshwater species at expense of the marine

• THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR: identification of “adaptation tipping point approach” (warning signs) the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) regulation when existing management strategies not will meet agreed objectives to help fisheries management to take into account possible climate change impacts.

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Coastal Infrastructure

• Coastal protection, maritime traffic, ports and touristic infrastructure. • Medical infrastructure – reduce and acting on impacts of heat and extreme

weather events, UV radiation, allergen- and air-pollutants and hygiene problems of food and water supply. Aging population

• THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR: Ensuring that the whole region have: (a) funded coastal protection measures (b) implementation of spatial planning instruments (c) willingness to establish multifunctional use of coastal zones, (d) environmental awareness (e) risk communication and other relevant information (f) availability to flexible and innovative approaches through the creation of new knowledge and transfer of best policy options

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Coastal TourismComparatively more suitable temperatures, prolonged season but challenges from beach erosion, increase of eutrophication and biodiversity loss, impact on freshwater resources, health. “Microenterprises”, with a short planning horizon THE STRATEGY CALLS FOR: (1) Integration with the tourism sector and the transport and the energy sectors, which are the two sectors which the tourism draws the most resources from. (2) Forecast, Risk assessment and information sharing systems: Financial risk assessments, monitoring systems for coastal algae, bacteria, or jellyfish proliferation . (3) Training and preparing rescue services for increased occurrence of forest fires and floods, (4) Marketing of sustainable tourism to ensure that the potentially increasing visitor load in the BSR, not will increase the environmental impacts proportionally.

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Baltadapt 3rd Policy Forum, Tallinn

The Action Plan

approach and structure

Katrin Kiefer/ German Federal Ministry for the Envi ronmentSusanne Altvater /Ecologic Institute

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What is the Action Plan there for?

WHAT? Adaptation StrategyHOW? Action Plan

Provides the operational basis for implementing the strategyby specifying priority activities for the macro-reg ion in the field of

cc adaptation

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Informing the BSR about cc

adaptationRaised awareness of the need for action at all levels

Informed actors on all levels

policy relevant research-based knowledge on impacts and vulnerabilities to CC

Implementing the strategy aims

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Strenghtening adaptation to

cc by mainstreamingIntegrate climate adaptation in relevant EUSBSR

Action Plan priority areas

Review and mainstream policies in the light of cc adaptation concerns across all relevant areas

Implementing the strategy aims

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Connecting the BSR for cc adaptation

Making the BSR a model region for a macro-regional approach to CC adaptation

Ensure platforms for a policy-research dialogue

Cooperation between EU and Russia

Implementing the strategy aims

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Structure Action Plan

Informing the BSR about cc

adaptation

Strenghtening adaptation to

cc by mainstreaming

Connecting the BSR for

cc adaptation

Financing climate change adaptation in the BSR

Adaptation actions: Infrastructure, Tourism, Food supply, Biodiversity

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Structure Action Plan

• Recommended actions• Background information• Info Boxes• Good practice examples

Box 8 - Good Practice: BalticClimate Toolkit The project BalticClimate developed a Toolkit, as an empowering knowledge transfer instrument for actors on the local and regional level related to the implementation of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. •www.toolkit.balticclimate.org

Box 12 - Info: Existing NAS

Denmark, Finland, Germany and Lithuania havedeveloped and adopted NAS, all with a focus on specificsectors. At the same time, integration andmainstreaming adaptation within existing nationalprogrammes is central to these NAS. Action Plans aresupporting the implementation of the NAS in Denmark,Finland and Germany. Two of them are mentioningcross-border initiatives (DE, DK).

BSR countries in the process of developing NAS:Estonia, Latvia and Poland

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Informing and increasing knowledge base

Increase knowledge base:

• Research needs on climate change impacts and vulnerabilities

• Impact assessments for sectors

• promotion of multi- and interdisciplinary studies

• economic assessments of costs and benefits of climate adaptation (vs costs of inaction)

• social context of adaptation responses

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Informing and increasing knowledge base

Provide and exchange information:

• ClimateAdapt platform• Integration of of the Baltic

Window• Other platforms (web and

“human”) to facilitate exchange of knowledge policy/science/”best practices” (e.g. Geodome)

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Strengthening adaptation by mainstreaming

• Identify key instruments for integrating adaptation

Use cross-cutting issue of spatial planning (SEA for plans/programmes and EIA for projects; pilot plans for trans-boundary MSP)

• Include adaptation requirements in relevant legal provisions or establish new intruments

• Integration in other policy processes(National Sustainability Strategies, National Biodiversity Strategies, MSFD etc)

• Mainstreaming of the private sectorE.g. ZÜRS Geo online platform of the German Insurance Association (GDV)

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Strengthening adaptation by mainstreaming

• Use of already existing instruments/networks at national level

Country Temporarycoordination forNAS and actionplans

Institutionalcoordinationbodies

Other strategiesaddressingadaptation

Denmark Preliminary inter-ministerial working group

Coordination Forum for Climate change Adaptation

Finland Series of seminars during the development of the NAS

Finish Coordination Group for Adaptation to Climate Change

Forestry strategyForesight report

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Cooperation and Participation

• Increase trans-national cooperation

� macro-regional e.g. by a transnational steering group on cc adaptation

� Cluster existing activities in working groups or platforms

� Interlink work of macro-regional and intergovernmental organisation

� On national level: coordinate measures/focal points?

� Involvement on Non-EU countries (e.g. Russia - EU External Action Programme)

• Support and facilitation of cross-sectoral cooperation

• Increase Participation on national/local level

• Improvement of Science-Policy cooperation (e.g. ECRA -European Climate Research Alliance )

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Actions in the four sectors

Main CC

impacts

Set of potential

measures

Most important actions

Prioritization

Criteria

• Importance/Effectiveness• Urgency• Flexibility• No-regret characteristic• Side-effects • Cost-efficiency• Feasibility

www.baltadapt.eu

Toolbox

Categorie of

instruments

Example of

measures

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www.baltadapt.eu

Financing

• Actions to the stakeholders with regard to area- / sector-specific financing

• Mainstreaming adaptation in programming

� INTERREG V BSR

� Horizon 2020

� BONUS

� Cohesion Fund:

� Rural Development Programmes

� EU LIFE+

� See: Financing adaptation measures 30th May, 10:50 – 12:20