presentation on indigenous people

7/24/2019 Presentation on Indigenous People

1/19

Presentation

onIndigenous People

By V . Mahesh

MSW II year


2/19

Presentation on

Indigenous People

ByV . Mahesh

MSW II Year


3/19

The term indigenousis derived from the Latin etymology meaning "native" or

born within

Definition: "a body of persons that are united by a common culture, tradition,

or sense of kinship, which typically have common language, institutions, and

beliefs, and often constitute a politically organied group"!

ndigenous people can identify in particular geographical areas by the

presence of various degrees of the following characteristics:

a# a close attachment to ancestral territories and to the natural resources in

these areas

b# self$identification and identification by others as members of a distinct

cultural group

Introduction


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c# an indigenous language, often different from the national language%

d# presence of customary, social and political institutions and &rimarily

subsistence$oriented production

There are about '() million indigenous peoples in the world! *lthough

they account for less than ( per cent of the global population, they

comprise about +( per cent of all the poor people in the world!

Introduction (contd..)


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* great number of indigenouspeoples organiations, were

established at national and

international level in the +-)s and

+.)s, spurred on by the

decoloniation era and a moregeneral growth in non$governmental

organiations.

n +./, the 0nited 1ations 2ub$

3ommission on &revention of

Discrimination and &rotection of4inorities launched a 2tudy on the

problem of discrimination against

indigenous populations, later known

as 5the Martne! "obo study6, the

name of the 2pecial 7apporteur

appointed to prepare the report

Indigenous issues at international le#el


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n +8/, the establishment of the first

0nited 1ations mechanism on

indigenous peoples issues, namely the

9orking roup on ndigenous

&opulations of the 2ub$3ommission was

formed! ;etween +8< and +', indigenous

issues gained increased momentum

Indigenous issues at international le#el

The establishment of the 01 =oluntary >und for ndigenous &opulations ?+8(#

The proclamation of the nternational @ear of the 9orlds ndigenous &eople ?+'#

The proclamation of two separate nternational Decades of the 9orlds ndigenous

&eople ?+($/))< and /))($/)+orum on ndigenous ssues ?01&># in /)))


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n ndia indigenous people were termed as Tribes!

The term tribe is derived from the Latin word tribus!

$uring the British %ule

The ;ritish were keen to establish their rule in all parts of the country and

were also looking for resources for their industries!

They not only levied new rents for land but also made new land settlements!

The areas, which were relatively secluded but rich in natural resources,

eAperienced entry of new variety of people, namely forest contractors,

labourers, officials, neo$settlers, money lenders etc!

Indigenous people in India


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*t this stage, for variety of reasons, the ;ritish thought of protecting theindigenous populations by bringing a regulation in +8''!

n +8.+, the ;ritish overnment of ndia 5notified6 certain tribes as "criminals"

and passed the notorious "3riminal Tribes *ct of +8.+!

n +8.ollowing ndependence, the policy of protection and the development for the

population identified as tribe has been made into a constitution obligation!

Indigenous people in India (contd..)


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3onstitutional &rovisions C 2afeguards for 2cheduled Tribes, can be divided

into two parts

+! &rotective

/! Developmental!

. 'rticle (*)& Promotion of social+ ,conomic and ,ducational interests.

.

'rticle -()& Safeguard of ribal interests9hile the rights of free movement and residence throughout the territory of

ndia and of acuisition and disposition of property are guaranteed to every

citien, special restrictions may be imposed by "the state for the protection of

the interests of any 2cheduled Tribe "!

. 'rticle /0& 1uman raffic2ing

. 'rticle /-& "ultural and ,ducational rights

. 'rticle 3*

t provides for a 4inister$in$charge of tribal welfare in the states of 4&,

3hattisgarh,Erissa and Fharkhand!G
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'rticles 004+ 00/ and 00*

*ccording to these articles seats shall be reserved for 2cheduled 3astes and

2cheduled Tribes in legislative bodies! There are provisions for reservations of

seats in the parliament as well as legislative *ssembly of every state ?*rticle

''),''/#!

'rticle 005

t says that there shall be a special officer for the 2cheduled 3astes and

2cheduled Tribes to be appointed by the &resident!

't present

n ndia, .)( individual ethnic groups, had been recognied as 2cheduled

Tribes in the year /)++!

;y /)++, they formed 8!- H of the total ndian population i!e, +)) million

population!
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12/19

66.5 7 of ribal

population is not ha#ing$rainage 8acility


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66.* 7 of S 1ouseholds 9ere not ha#ing :atrine

facility i.e they go for open defection


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5- 7 of 1ouseholds 9ere using Polluting fuels for coo2ing


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*- 7 of ribal population are not using electricity

facility


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Table : &lace of delivery% percentage distribution of live

births in the five years preceding the survey by place of

delivery and percentage delivered in health facility


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able& 'ssistance during deli#ery


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*fter -- years of ndependence many tribals in ndia were not getting

7ight to have a living, proper housing, drinking water, education,

electricity, health facilities, communication, right over the land and they

are denied everything!

These problems can be solved only through Decentraliation of power i!e!,

giving powers to the local people!

"onclusion


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&roIects undertaken to promote development have been a maIor causeof population displacement in many cases!

4any of the big development proIects have been set up in tribal areas

and on the lands owned by tribals!

2ome ',')) big dams have been constructed in ndia in the last ()years!

$e#elopment+ $isplacement and %ehabilitation of ribal

People

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