PRESENTATION ON SUPPLEMENTARY FOOD

PRODUCTS

PRESENTED BY-I.J. YADAV2010BT11

M.TECH(BIOTECH), 2ND SEMDEPTT. OF APPLIED MECHANICS,

MNNIT ALLAHABAD

CONTENTS DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS NUTRACEUTICALS CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRACEUTICALS FUNCTIONAL FOOD MEDICAL FOOD FARMACEUTICALS Dietary Supplements Can Cause Harm Applications of suppementary food FDA ROLE IN SUPPLEMENTaRY FOODS Nutrition market in India

WHAT IS A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Congress defined the term "dietary supplement" in the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994.

A dietary supplement, also known as food supplement or nutritional supplement.

Such as vitamins, minerals, fibers, fatty acids or amino acid, that may be missing or may not be consumed in sufficient quantities in a person's diet.

CONTD It is a preparation intended to supplement the diet

and provide nutrients. A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth

that contains a "dietary ingredient" intended to supplement the diet.

The "dietary ingredients" in these products may include: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and substances such as enzymes, organ tissues, and metabolites.

CONTD Dietary supplements can also be extracts or

concentrates, and may be found in many forms such as tablets, capsules, softgels, gelcaps, liquids, or powders.

Some countries define dietary supplements as foods, while in others they are defined as drugs or natural health products.

INFORMATION MUST THE MANUFACTURER DISCLOSE ON THE LABEL OF A DIETARY SUPPLEMENT Information that must be on a dietary supplement

label includes: A descriptive name of the product stating that it is

a "supplement” The name and place of business of the

manufacturer, packer, or distributor.

CONTD A complete list of ingredients; and the net

contents of the product. In addition, each dietary supplement must have

nutrition labelling in the form of a "Supplement Facts" panel.

This label must identify each dietary ingredient contained in the product.

NUTRACEUTICAL The term nutraceutical was originally defined by

Dr. Stephen L. DeFelice, founder and chairman of the Foundation of Innovation Medicine (FIM), Crawford, New Jersey in 1989.

Nutraceutical, a term combining the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”.

It is a food or food product that provides health and medical benefits.

Including the prevention and treatment of disease.

CONTD  E.g.,-vitamins,suppliments,antioxidants,essential

oil, mineral oil,enzymes,healthy fricks etc. Toning down the various pathogens. Health Canada defines the term as, "A

nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with food. A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease.”

CONTD Such products may range from isolated

nutrients, dietary supplements and specific diets to genetically engineered foods, herbal products, and processed foods such as cereals, soups, and beverages.

CLASSIFICATION OF NUTRACEUTICALS Products typically claim to prevent chronic

diseases, improve health, delay the aging process, and increase life expectancy.

1. Dietary supplements A dietary supplement is a product that contains

nutrients derived from food products that are concentrated in liquid or capsule form Dietary supplements can also be extracts or concentrates, and may be found in many forms such as tablets,capsule,softgels,gelcaps,liquids,or powders.

CONTD Dietary supplements do not have to be approved by

the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before marketing.

Although supplements claim to provide health benefits,.

Products usually include a label that says: “These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.

This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.”

2. FUNCTIONAL FOODS The term was first used in Japan in the 1980s where

there is a government approval process for functional foods called Foods for Specified Health Use (FOSHU).

Health Canada defines functional foods as “ordinary food that has components or ingredients added to give it a specific medical or physiological benefit, other than a purely nutritional effect.” 

Functional food  is any healthy food claimed to have a health-promoting or disease-preventing property beyond the basic function of supplying nutrients.

CONTD Functional foods are an emerging field in food

science due to their increasing popularity with health-conscious consumers.

The general category of functional foods includes processed food or foods fortified with health-promoting additives, like “vitamin-enriched" products. 

Fermented food with live cultures are considered as functional foods with probiotics benefits.

CONTD In Japan, all functional foods must meet three

established requirements, foods should be:- (1) Present in their naturally-occurring form,

rather than a capsule, tablet, or powder. (2) Consumed in the diet daily as othar food

products. (3) It should regulate a biological process in

hopes of preventing or controlling disease.

INDUSTRY The functional food industry, consisting of food, beverage and

supplement sectors, is one of the several areas of the food industry that is experiencing fast growth in recent years.

It is estimated by BCC Research that the global market of functional food industry will reach 176.7 billion in 2013 with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.4%.

Specifically, the functional food sector will experience 6.9% CAGR. The supplement sector will rise by 3.8% and the functional beverage

sector will be the fastest growing segment with 10.8% CAGR. This kind of growth is fueled not only by industrial innovation and

development of new products that satisfy the demand of health conceious consumers but also by health claims covering a wide range of health issues.

3.MEDICAL FOODS Medical foods aren’t available as an over-the

counter product to consumers. The FDA considers medical foods to be

“formulated to be consumed or administered internally under the supervision of a physician.

Which is intended for the specific dietary management of a disease or condition for which distinctive nutritional requirements.

On the basis of recognized scientific principles, are established by medical evaluation.”

CONTD Nutraceuticals and supplements do not meet these

requirements and are not classified as Medical Foods.

Medical foods can be ingested through the mouth or through tube feeding.

Medical foods are always designed to meet certain nutritional requirements for people diagnosed with specific illnesses.

Medical foods are regulated by the FDA and will be prescribed/monitored by medical supervision.

EXAMPLES 1.Allergic conditions Medical foods for management of allergic conditions may

contain both gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a short chain omega-6 fatty acid primarily sourced from the seeds of the borage plant, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid sourced from fish.

These fatty acids help to inhibit the production of leukotrienes in the system.

Sufficient quantities of GLA and EPA necessary for reduction of leukotrienes cannot be obtained from a normal diet.

CONTD Leukotrienes are inflammatory molecules produced

by immune cells (neutrophils, basophils, mast cells, macrophages and eosinophils) in the body.

They are involved in the inflammatory response and cause the narrowing of the airways, increased mucus production and tissue swelling associated with both allergies and asthma.

In order to control allergic symptoms, research shows that it helps to inhibit the production of leukotrienes in the body.

2. DIABETES MELLITUS Medical foods for management of diabetes

mellitus generally contain slowly digested carbohydrates, which helps minimize peaks in blood sugar.

Consistent maintenance of optimal blood sugar levels (avoiding highs and lows) over time can help reduce the complications of diabetes.

3.Gastrointestinal tract impairment  Medical foods for management of gastrointestinal tract (GI

tract) impairment provide an amino acid-based diet in its most easily digestible (elemental) form to aid in poor nutrient absorption due to digestive disease,malabsorption, severe food allergies, or other conditions in which the GI tract is severely compromised.

 4.METABOLICALLY STRESSED PATIENTS

Medical foods for management of metabolically stressed patients provide supplemental glutamine to nourish the GI tract and restore glutamine while a patient is in a stressed, catabolic state.

Regulation Medical foods are regulated by the US

Food and Drug Administration under the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act regulations.

4.FARMACEUTICALS Farmaceuticals is a melding of the words farm and

pharmaceuticals. It refers to medically valuable compounds produced from

modified agricultural crops or animals (usually through biotechnology).

Using crops and possibly even animals as pharmaceutical factories could be much more cost effective than conventional methods (i.e., in enclosed manufacturing facilities) and also provide agricultural producers with higher earnings…

The term farmaceuticals is more frequently associated, in agricultural circles, with medical applications of genetically engineered crops or animals.” 

CONTD The following is an incomplete list of

foods with reported medicinal value: Antioxidants:  Resveratrol from

red grape products; flavonoids inside citrus, tea, wine, and dark chocolate foods; anthocyanins found in berries.

Cancer prevention: broccoli (sulforaphane) fiddleheads (Matteuccia

Struthiopteus)

CONTD Improved arterial

health: soy or clover (isoflavonoids) Lowered risk of cardiovascular disease: alpha-

linolenic acid from flax or Chia seeds In addition, many botanical and herbal extracts

such as ginseng, garlic oil, etc. have been developed as nutraceuticals.

Nutraceuticals are often used in nutrient premixes or nutrient systems in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS CAN CAUSE HARM A dietary supplement refers to the food replacement to

aid. But it is always better to take any dietary supplements after weighing the pros and cons of it. It is because it said that some dietary supplements can cause adverse effects.

Some Dietary Supplements Cause Adverse Effects:

The fact that these supplements sometimes contain caffeine for example (to speed up the metabolism) is not always known and people who are very sensitive to caffeine may experience nasty side-effects such as heart palpitations and excessive shaking and sweating.

CONTD Often consumers of these products are not fully aware of the

contents or ingredients of the supplements, and ignore the fact that even botanical ingredients can cause nasty side effects or interfere with other medication.

1.Health Risks Caused by Dietary Supplements: Ephedra Normally taken by people who need more energy and as

homeopathic medication for bronchitis sufferers, this supplement has more side effects than benefits.

For e.g. the effect of this supplement is about the fact as to what happens due to over consumption of coffee. Products containing ephedra are mostly tablets that promise to speed up weight loss. Sometimes these tablets are called as ephedra dangers.

CONTD Hypertension (shaking and feeling of nervousness

combined with a raised heartbeat). Heart Palpitations (the supplements over-stimulates the

blood flow and the heart has to deal with this). Insomnia (not being able to get to sleep because the body

cannot relax). Stroke (occurs when the blood flow is too fast and

possible minute blood clots end up near the heart or brain).

Seizures, caused by the inability of the body to regulate the speedy heartbeat caused by Ephedra.

HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY ECHINACEA

Echinacea is taken by many to boost the immune system and avoid illnesses such as the flu.

Even children are sometimes encouraged to take this supplement from a young age.

The most important side effect is one called immunosupression, a condition that suppresses the immune system from doing its job. This can occur after 8 weeks of taking the supplements and means that the immune system is not able to do its job and to ward off infections or illnesses anymore.

Another side effect is the incapacity of the body to heal wounds properly and quickly.

HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY CHONDROITIN

Many people take chondroitin supplements to prevent or treat osteoarthritis, it reduces swelling in joints and helps to deal with the pain caused by arthritis.

However a chondroitin supplement can cause enormous problems when a person who has been taking this supplement for over a month needs to have surgery performed.

The patient might suffer from bleeding complications during surgery due to their chondroitin supplements, as this supplement thins the blood.

HEALTH RISKS CAUSED BY CREATINE

Creatine helps combat and prevent coronary heart disease and prevents dementia.

As this supplement makes the nerves and muscles stronger, chondroitin is much used in the world of sport to help athletes and body builders build up muscle and endurance.

A danger of dietary supplements (and also of this one) is that people often only find out about possible side-effects after along time. 

CONTD Creatine supplements cause dehydration and great

care must be taken to drink plenty of water when using this supplement.

Dehydration can quickly cause damage to vital organs and blood vessels.

Creatin causes dehydration by storing fluids in muscles and tissue, withdrawing it from the bodily processes such as the blood flow and digestion.

Severe cramping can be a symptom of this dehydration. 

APPLICATIONS OF SUPPEMENTARY FOOD

Carotenoids 1. Beta-carotene Carrots, various fruits- Neutralizes free radicals, which may

damage cells; bolsters cellular antioxidant defenses. 2. Lycopene Tomatoes and processed tomato products- May contribute to

maintenance of prostate health. Dietary Fiber- Insoluble fiber Wheat bran- May contribute to maintenance of a healthy

digestive tract. Fatty Acids-Monosaturated fatty acids Tree nuts- May reduce risk of coronary heart disease. Prebiotics/Probiotics - Lactobacilli, bifidobacteria Yogurt, other dairy and nondairy applications- May improve

gastrointestinal health and systematic immunity.

FDA'S ROLE IN REGULATING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) requires that a manufacturer or distributor notify FDA if it intends to market a dietary supplement in the U.S. that contains a "new dietary ingredient."

The manufacturer (and distributor) must demonstrate to FDA why the ingredient is reasonably expected to be safe for use in a dietary supplement, unless it has been recognized as a food substance and is present in the food supply.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulates advertising, including infomercials, for dietary supplements and most other products sold to consumers.

FDA works closely with FTC in this area, but FTC's work is directed by different laws.

FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) is responsible for the agency's oversight of these products.

CONTD In October 1994, the Dietary Supplement Health

and Education Act (DSHEA) was signed into law by President Clinton. Before this time, dietary supplements were subject to the same regulatory requirements as were other foods. This new law, which amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, created a new regulatory framework for the safety and labeling of dietary supplements.

European Union The European Union's Food Supplements Directive

of 2002 requires that supplements be demonstrated to be safe, both in dosages and purity. 

Only those supplements that have been proven to be safe may be sold without prescription.

CONTD Russia The Russian Ministry of Health's order number 1898, dated

15 April 1997 and titled "Concerning the procedure for the examination and health certification of Active Dietary Supplements".

China In China, prior to market entry, manufacturers must register

dietary supplements with the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA). The process requires investments of both time and money. After market entry, the registration is valid for five years and then must be renewed.

United States In the United States, a dietary supplement is defined under

the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994(DSHEA) as a product that is intended to supplement the diet and contains dietary ingredients.

NUTRITION MARKET IN INDIA In future, the ageing population across the world will increase, and

demand for supplements and functional foods related to age-related conditions will certainly grow at double-digit rates.

World renowned economists predict in the next ten years that the Wellness Industry will expand to over $1 trillion; meaning that it's going to be the largest growing industry by the year 2010 and may even surpass the pharmaceutical business. Even though the Indian nutraceutical market is in a nascent stage, it is showing accelerated growth and is expected to cross US$400 Million in India alone.

India’s nutrition concerns are three fold -- On one hand is the undernourished population (380 million) with majority having inadequate purchasing power to even consume a diet sufficient in calories, let alone take sufficient nutrients. 

Their challenge is to meet foundation needs to maintain normalcy of being. 

CONTD These needs would have to be addressed by government

programs with the private sector playing a supportive role. - On the other hand is the huge population (570 million) that is

nourished in calorie intake but not in terms of nutrient intake. This segment would typically include lower middle to upper

class population with sufficient purchasing power but probably low awareness about their nutrient requirements, leading to unmet condition specific needs in addition to foundation needs. 

In fact, 60% of this population (340 million with 30% in urban and 34% in rural areas) consumes more than the recommended number of calories with higher than recommended levels of dietary fats and could be the largest contributor in making India the future cardiovascular and diabetes capital of the world. 

CONTD - The third population segment (80 million) is

one which consumes nutrients and calories more than the norm due to their enhanced physical requirements because of their chosen lifestyles and interest areas such as professional sports, heavy exercise and extensive outdoor field work. 

This would lead to a greater need for nutrition, in addition to some condition specific and foundation needs.

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