presentation on the brazilian ethanol
DESCRIPTION
Presentation on the Brazilian ethanol program I gave in Mexico october 2009TRANSCRIPT
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The Brazilian Bioethanol Model
HistoryHistory
Advantages of sugar caneAdvantages of sugar cane
Advantages of the brazilian modelAdvantages of the brazilian model
Bioethanol as a FuelBioethanol as a Fuel
ConclusionConclusion
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History
Título
-In 1931 the Brazilian government implemented a compulsory blend of at least 5% anhydrous bioethanol in gasoline (Decree 19.717 Getúlio Vargas)
- In November 14th, 1975, by Decree No. 76.953 ProAlcool is born
- Several crops such as Cassava tried with little success: sugar cane won
- Incentives were given such as exemption from IPI for taxis and priceguarantee of 66% of gas price (no incentives today)
- In 1979 the first ethanol car was brought to the market — a Fiat model 147
- Last year Brazil achieved its independence on oil imports, largelyin part to its ethanol program
- Today up to 85% of cars are Flex and ethanol consumption isHIGHER than gasoline
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History
Título
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Advantages of sugar cane
Título
- Produces SUGAR, instead of starch (corn: 2 steps) or cellulose(switchgrass: 4 steps)
- Sequesters carbon: 46,6 x 106 ton eq CO2–GHG
- Excellent energy balance: 8,2/1 (energy production / energy consumption)
- One of the most effective photosynthesizers of all plants (C-4 plant): able toconvert up to 2 % of solar energy into biomass
- Does NOT compete with food
- ENTIRE plant used: not just seeds such as corn
- Does NOT grow in the amazon (region is known to harbour the fungusMycovellosiella Koepkei, which inhibits growth)
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Advantages of sugar cane
Título
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Advantages of sugar cane when compared with corn
Título
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Bioethanol as a Fuel
Título
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Bioethanol as a Fuel
Título
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Bioethanol as a Fuel
Título
- Needs to be at least 70% cheaper than gasoline to make up for itsenergy loss
- Cannot have any water or you will get phase separation when mixedwith gasoline and rust in the engine internal parts
- Keeps engine clean when used in small mixes with gasoline
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A threatened model?
Título
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Conclusion
Título
- Brazil´s model is the ONLY time-tested model available today
- The model has been approved even by institutions such as the WWF
- The model can be perfectly adapted to any country or region
- Cellulosic, algae, etc may be the future, but we need solutions NOW!
- Why the US resists this model? I don´t know! You tell me!