presentation perception

8/14/2019 Presentation Perception

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PERCEPTIONConcept Of Perception

Perception is the cognitive process involving

selecting,organising,and interpreting orattaching meaning to the events happening in

the environment.


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Features Perception is the intellectual process.

Perception is the basic cognitive or

psychological process. Different people perceive different things

according to their psychological and

intellectual behaviour.


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PERCEPTUAL PROCESS


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Perceptual Organization Perceptual organization deals with the

manner in which selected stimuli are

organized in order to make sense out ofthem. People organize the various stimuli

on the principles of figure-

ground,grouping,simplification and closure.


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Principles

Figure ground: People tend to organiseinformation on what is known as the figureground principle.In this more attention is paid to

phenomena which have been kept as figure andless attention is paid to phenomena kept inbackground.

Grouping: people have a tendency to groupseveral stimuli into recognisable pattern.peoplegenerally group various stimuli on the basis ofproximity or similarity.


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Proximity:The proximity or nearness principle

of grouping states that a group of stimuli that

are close together will be perceived as a wholeof parts or pattern of parts belonging together.

For eg. All employees working in a particular

department may be grouped together becauseof physical proximity.


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Similarity: The principle of similarity states

that the greater the similarity of the stimuli

greater is the tendency to perceive them as a

common group. For eg All the workers may

be perceived to have the same opinions about

the management because they are groupedtogether on the basis of similarity.


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Simplification: whenever people are

overloaded with information, they try to

simplify it to make it more meaningful andunderstandable.simplifaction makes the

things more understandable because the

perceiver has been to reduce the complexityby eliminating some of the things which are

less important.


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Closure: When faced with incomplete

information,people fill up the gaps

themselves to the information meaningful.For

eg When managers have to make promotion

decisions, they may not have complete

information about the suitability of anemployee for a higher position. In such cases,

they rely more on the past records of the

employee.


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INTERPERSONAL

PERCEPTION As we discussed perceptual selectivity and

perceptual organisation holds true for any

stimulus situation, persons or others. This

situation puts emphasis on interpersonal

perception in which the perceiver perceives

another person and the latter becomes a stimulus

for perception. There are certain factors whichinfluence the interpersonal perception.


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FACTORS OF IMPERSONAL

PERCEPTION ARE:

Factors in perceiver,

Factors in perceived,

Situational factors.

FACTORS IN PERCEIVER: the person tries to

perceive the other person according to his ownpersonality, his mental set,attribution,first

impression, halo effect and stereotyping.


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Personality: personality influences perception

because of two reasons:

The perceiver tries to project his personality

attributes in others known as projection.

The perceiver tries to fit his

attitudes,beliefs,expectations to reality known asthe process of selfulfilling prophecies.


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Mental set: The person tries to perceive the

other person according to his/her mental set

or given situation.Suppose you are

contestant in a track meet and are positioning

yourself in your starting blocks as you hear

the prepratory commands,Get ready,Getset.when you hear the command u take off at

once since you are already set.


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Attribution : Attribution is the process by whichindividuals interpret events as being caused by

particular aspects in the setting aroundthem.Attribution of causes for events influences

perception.For eg.:If a person is bypassed inpromotion,he may attribute the reason of his

bypassing in terms that others have beenpromoted not because of their ability butbecause of their being close with high ups.


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First impression:It is very common thatpeople evaluate on the basis of first

impression.The evaluation based firstimpression may be correct if it is based onadequate and significant evidence.Sincefirst impression evaluation is not based onadequate information,it may not be truereflection of people being perceived.


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Stereo typing: Stereotyping occurs when the perceiverperceives a person on the basis of characterstics of thegroup to which he belongs.The person is not perceived asan individual.For eg. There are certain stereotyping at theinternational level like: Americans are materialistics andambitious,Japanese are industrious etc.In perceptionindividuals belonging to a particular class are likely to be

perceived on the basis of characterstics of the class towhich they belong.


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FACTORS IN PERSON

PERCEIVED TWO SUCH FACTORS ARE MORE

COMMON:

Status of the person. Visibility of his traits.


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Status:The target person may be perceived

on the basis of his status and not on thebasis of his actual characterstics.Thus a

person having high status may be perceived

to have many desirable qualities as

compared to a person having low

status.This may not be true.


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Visibility of traits: There are many traits

which are not visible on surface,such as

Honesty,loyalty etc.In such cases

evaluation is to be made on the basis of

ones own experience which may not be

correct.


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SITUATIONAL FACTORS Situational factors also influence theperception.There may be structured of theplace indicating the characterstics of personoccupying it.Thus a person is likely to beperceived by a place. For eg.A person isperceived differently if he meets with other

in a five star hotel as compared to anordinary place.

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