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8/2/2019 Presentation Pre Post Ions

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AND

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES


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= express a relation in space between two or moreentities or a relation in time between twoevents , or various other abstract relations

Prepositions are usually simply devided into:A) prepositions of place

B) prepositions of direction

C) prepositions of time( D) prepositions of position and movement)


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1. Uluru is located ..central Australia.

2. The largest sandstone rock formation is also knownAyers Rockhonour.. Sir Henry Ayers, who was aPremier..South Australia ...1873.

3. Uluru is listed....a World Heritage Areaboth itsnatural and cultural values.

4. It is sacredthe Aboriginal people...the area.

5. .. different timesthe day, Uluru seems to changecolor.

6. The sandstone is infusedminerals that reflect thered lightsunrise and sunset.


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1. Uluru is located in central Australia.

2. The largest sandstone rock formation is also known asAyers Rock in honour of Sir Henry Ayers, who was aPremier of South Australia

in 1873.

3. Uluru is listed as a World Heritage Area for both itsnatural and cultural values.

4. It is sacred to the Aboriginal people of the area.

5. At different times of theday, Uluru seems to changecolor.

6. The sandstone is infused with minerals that reflect thered light of sunrise and sunset.


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THE POSITION OF PREPOSITION:

- usually precede nouns, noun phrase, pronoun orgerund, but:

A) in question beginning with a preposition +whom/ which/ what/ whose/ where

Who were you talking to? (informal) X To whom wereyou talking? (formal)

- it used to be thought ungrammatical to END ASENTENCE WITH A PREPOSITIION but it is nowregarded as fully acceptable.


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B) in relative clauses, the relative pronoun isthen often omitted:

The old house (which) I was telling you about

is empty. (informal)X

The old house about which I was telling you is

empty. (formal)


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C) in some exlamations,

What a mess he has got into!

D) passive constructions

Everything he said was laughed at.

E) and infinitive clauses

He is impossible to work with.


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A) Place

= in, at, on, upon, by, beside, near, before, in front of, behind, beyond,over, under, beneath (vespod), below, amidst (uprosted), among,between, within, without, out, outside, around, round, etc.

I. Position in place in relation to a point (a place or an event)

We stood at the door and waited.

II. ... a line (a place we think of in terms of lenght)

There is a letter box across the road.

III. ... a surface (a place we think of as a flat area)I stared at a fly on the wall.

IV. ... area or volume (a place which can enclose)

We all sat in the car.


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B) Direction

= to, towards, into, along, through, across, on, by, before, over, round,under, out of, from

Jim has gone to school.

Jim has gone from school.


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C) Time

I. A point or period of time, these prepositional phrases answer

to the question WHEN:

in, at, on, of, by, near, before, after, past, over, beoynd, between,within, during, for, through, etc.

I shall see him at 4 o'clock.

II. The point of time at which the action starts or terminates:these prepositional phrases answer to the question SINCEWHEN?

from, since, to, into, till, until etc.

We slept until midnight.


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D) Position and movement

I. Position in a place

II. Movement (direction)

direction position

Tom went TO the door ----------------> Tom was at the door.

Tom fell on(to) the floor ---------------> Tom was on the floor.


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FORM AND STRESS OF PREPOSITIONS :- monosyllabic simple prepositions are normally unstressed.

There is someone at the door.

- polysyllabic prepositions are normally stressed.

The stress falls on the word (adverb, noun, etc.) preceeding the finalpreposition.

be'hind the 'wall'opposite the 'bank


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1. Jack has been living .lodgings for over 6months.

2. Why these questions? What are you getting.,my friend?

3. I hope hes backtime for the ceremony.4.Hes such a good speaker but now hes

gropingwords.5. Mr Bond instructed me to buy this car.. any price

6. Theres still room for improvement..your work.7. It should be perfect. I went..the book.8. Take no pityme. I only have myself to blame!9. If I m sure?No, Im not sure. I have this..hearsay.


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1. Jack has been living in lodgings for over 6 months.

2. Why these questions? What are you getting in, myfriend?

3. I hope hes back for time for the ceremony.

4.Hes such a good speaker but now hes groping inwords.

5. Mr Bond instructed me to buy this car by any price

6. Theres still room for improvement from your work.

7. It should be perfect. I went for the book.8. Take no pity in me. I only have myself to blame!

9. If I m sure?No, Im not sure. I have this with hearsay.


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= at the minimum, a prepositional phrase will begin witha preposition an end with a noun, pronoun, gerund, orclause,the object of preposition.

The object of the preposition will often have one or moremodifiers to desribe it .

PATTERNS FOR PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE:

->preposition +noun, pronoun, gerund, or clause->preposition + modifier(s) + noun, pronoun, gerund or

clause


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Exact time: at 10 o'clockMeal times: at lunch timeOther point of time: at dawnFestivals: at ChristmasAge: at the age of 27+ word time: at this time

AT ALL - vbecAT FIRST zprvu, nejdveAT LEAST alespo

AT THE MOMENT- prv teAT ONCE - najednouAT PEACE v mruAT THE SAME TIME - zrove


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Days of the week: on MondayParts of the Day: on Friday evening

Dates: on June 1st

Day + date: on Monday, June 1st

Particular occasions: on that day

Anniversaries: on your birthday

Festivals: on Christmas Day

ON DUTY ve slub

ON HOLIDAY na dovolen

ON THE PHONE u telefonuON PURPOSE - schvln

ON TIME - vas

ON THE OTHER HAND oproti tomu, na druhou stranu

ON YOUR OWN - sm

ON THE WHOLE celkem vzato, vcelku


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Parts of the day: in the eveningMonths: in MarchYears: in 1900Seasons: in winterCenturies: in the 19th century

Festivals: in Easter weekPeriods of time: in that time

IN COMMON spolen, dohromadyIN CONFIDENCE - dvrnIN GENERAL - obecn

IN A HURRY ve spchuIN PUBLIC/IN PRIVATE na veejnosti/v soukromIN TEARS - uplakanIN TIME - vasIN TROUBLE v nesnzch

IN A WAY svm zpsobem


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BY ACCIDENT neastnou nhodou

BY ALL MEANS rozhodn, urit, samozejm

BY CHANCE - nhodou

BY HAND run, osobn

BY HEART - nazpamBY MISTAKE - omylem

BY NAME jmnem, podle jmna

BY NIGHT pes noc

BY POST - potouBY SIGHT od vidn

BY SURPSISE - pekvapiv

BY THE TIME ne, do doby ne


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