SEATO AND CENTO

Presented to: M. Ahmad sheikh. (Resource person) International Relation, at UMT

ALI MEHBOOB 101519006

MUHIB BIN JABAR 101519160

HAROON RASHID 101519199

HASEEB MUSHTAQ 101519212

HAFIZ MOAZ AFZAL 101519198

INTRODUCTION TO SEATO South East Asia Treaty Organization is an defense treaty.

Established on 19 February 1955 in Bangkok ,Thailand.

Eight members joined this organization.

SEATO was a response to protect South East Asian area against communist expansionism.

Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos (the successor states of Indochina) were not considered for membership in SEATO .

SEATO FLAG

In September of 1954, the United States, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and Pakistan formed the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, or SEATO.

The formation of SEATO was a response to the demand that the Southeast Asian area be protected against communist expansionism.

SEATO had no independent mechanism for obtaining intelligence or deploying military forces, so the potential for collective action was necessarily limited.

The treaty defined its purposes as defensive only.

SEATO had no standing forces but relied on the mobile striking power.

The organization had a number of weaknesses as well.

SEATO had no independent mechanism for obtaining intelligence or deploying military forces.

INTRODUCTION TO CENTO Baghdad Pact was a defensive organization for

promoting shared political, military and economic goals.

Founded in 1955 by Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran.

It was renamed the Central Treaty Organization, or CENTO, in 1959 after Iraq pulled out of the Pact.

CENTO was created as a conventional military alliance in the Cold War climate of the 1950s .

CENTO had an elaborate organizational structure, , including a council of ministers, a secretariat, and an economic committee, with subcommittees in the health, trade, and communications fields

CENTO’s supreme source of authority , met alternatively in Tehran, Islamabad, Ankara, London, and Washington.

Throughout the 1970s “détente” dominated American and Soviet policies.

The strategic reasons for creating CENTO in the 1950s were no longer pertinent in the 1970s.

But for Moḥammad-Reżā Shah CENTO remained an important institution.

The main purpose of the Baghdad Pact was to prevent communist incursions and foster peace in the Middle East.

Although the fear of commu nist expansion in the Northern Tier region (i.e., Turkey, Persia, and Afghanistan) was very real, it was unlikely that Persia, Iraq, Turkey, and Pakistan would have come together on their own initiative without British and American assurances.

CENTO’s supreme source of authority, met annually at the prime ministers’ or foreign ministers’ level, alternatively in Tehran, Islamabad, Ankara, London, and Washington.

CANCELLATION OF SEATO AND CENTO By the early 1970s, members began to withdraw from the

SEATO organization.

Pakistan formally left SEATO in 1973.

When the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the SEATO's existence disappeared and it formally disbanded in 1977.

The twenty-fifth and last CENTO meeting was held in 1978 in London.

In 1979, after the fall of Moḥammad-Reżā Shah, the government of the Islamic Republic canceled its mem bership in CENTO.

Thereby the organization lost its central link and its raison d’être.