PresentationPresentation““SEMYON IVANOVICH DEZHNEV”SEMYON IVANOVICH DEZHNEV”

created by created byFilonenko Maxim andFilonenko Maxim and

Cyril Tuzov, School 1173, Form 8e Cyril Tuzov, School 1173, Form 8e

GIUDANCE - S.A. Markova, School GIUDANCE - S.A. Markova, School 1173, English Language Teacher1173, English Language Teacher

DEDICATED TO HEROES OF ARCTICDEDICATED TO HEROES OF ARCTIC

DezhnevDezhnev

SemyonSemyon (Semнon, (Semнon, Semion, Simon) Semion, Simon) Ivanovich Ivanovich DezhnevDezhnev ( (RussianRussian: : Семён Ива́2нович Семён Ива́2нович Дежнёв; circa Дежнёв; circa 16051605––16731673) was a ) was a RussianRussian explorerexplorer..

VELIKI USTIUGVELIKI USTIUG

Dezhnev’s Native CityDezhnev’s Native City Semyon Dezhnev's Semyon Dezhnev's

biographers have biographers have concluded that he was concluded that he was born at the very beginning born at the very beginning of the 17th century in of the 17th century in VelikyVeliky UstyugUstyug in northern in northern RussiaRussia. Like many of the . Like many of the enterprising Russian enterprising Russian northmen of the time, he northmen of the time, he went to went to SiberiaSiberia in search of in search of his fortune, and served in his fortune, and served in TobolskTobolsk and and YeniseyskYeniseysk. . Dezhnev became well-Dezhnev became well-known for his experience known for his experience and bravery.and bravery.

A Russian CossackA Russian Cossack

Velikiy UstiugVelikiy Ustiug FFirst name also irst name also spelled Semeon or spelled Semeon or Semyen, middle Semyen, middle name also spelled name also spelled Ivanov). Russian Ivanov). Russian Cossack navigator Cossack navigator (1605/08-1672) (1605/08-1672) who in 1648 made who in 1648 made the first recorded the first recorded voyage through the voyage through the Bering Strait. Bering Strait.

The Gulf of AnadyrThe Gulf of AnadyrThe Bering SeaThe Bering Sea

in in 16481648 led the led the expedition that expedition that doubled the known doubled the known extent of the extent of the easternmost easternmost promontorypromontory of the of the EurasianEurasian continent continent and discovered and discovered that that AsiaAsia is not is not connected to connected to AlaskaAlaska..

The Anadyr RiverThe Anadyr River...i...is a s a river in the extreme in the extreme northeast of northeast of Siberia, , Russia..The river, taking its rise in the The river, taking its rise in the Stanovoi Mountains as the as the Ivashki or Ivachno, about 67°N Ivashki or Ivachno, about 67°N latitude and 173°E longitude, latitude and 173°E longitude, flows through flows through Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, at first , at first southwest and then east, and southwest and then east, and enters the enters the Gulf of Anadyr of the of the Bering Sea after a course of after a course of about 500 miles.about 500 miles.The country through which it The country through which it passes is thinly populated, and passes is thinly populated, and is dominated by is dominated by tundra, which , which is rich with a variety of plant is rich with a variety of plant life. Much of life. Much of

The Anian StraitThe Anian Strait The same year Dezhnev The same year Dezhnev

sailed along the northern sailed along the northern shores of the tip of Asia shores of the tip of Asia and discovered what was and discovered what was then called the then called the AnianAnian StraitStrait between Asia and Alaska, between Asia and Alaska, thus proving that the thus proving that the Eurasian and the American Eurasian and the American continents are not continents are not connected. He followed the connected. He followed the shoreline and doubled the shoreline and doubled the ChukchiChukchi PeninsulaPeninsula. In his . In his reports Dezhnev gave the reports Dezhnev gave the description of this description of this legendary "Tabin-legendary "Tabin-Promontorium", the Promontorium", the existence of which was existence of which was rumored by ancient rumored by ancient geographers. geographers.

Dezhnev also described Dezhnev also described two islands of chukchi two islands of chukchi people ("Ostrova people ("Ostrova zubatykh"), now known as zubatykh"), now known as DiomedeDiomede IslandsIslands consisting consisting of Ratmanov Island and of Ratmanov Island and KruzensternKruzenstern Island, located Island, located between Asia and Alaska in between Asia and Alaska in what is now what is now BeringBering StraitStrait. . He collected interesting He collected interesting ethnographic data about ethnographic data about chukchi people chukchi people ("zubatiye") who decorated ("zubatiye") who decorated their lower lip with pieces their lower lip with pieces of walrusof walrus

The Old WoundsThe Old Wounds

In 1670 Prince In 1670 Prince BoryatinskyBoryatinsky (governor (governor of of YakutskYakutsk) entrusted ) entrusted Dezhnev with the Dezhnev with the mission to Moscow. mission to Moscow. Dezhnev was to Dezhnev was to deliver there the deliver there the "sable treasury" and "sable treasury" and official documents. official documents.

It took a year and five It took a year and five months for Dezhnev to months for Dezhnev to successfully successfully accomplish this accomplish this journey. He was over journey. He was over 60 years old and the 60 years old and the old wounds received old wounds received during his service at during his service at the borders of Russia the borders of Russia and hard toil and hard toil undermined his undermined his health. After severe health. After severe illness Dezhnev died illness Dezhnev died in in MoscowMoscow in in 16731673..

The Kolyma PartyThe Kolyma Party In 1647 he was approached In 1647 he was approached

by F.A. Popov (a fellow by F.A. Popov (a fellow northman from northman from KholmogoryKholmogory), ), who invited Dezhnev to join who invited Dezhnev to join the Nizhekolymskaya (Low the Nizhekolymskaya (Low KolymaKolyma) party and to sail by ) party and to sail by the sea from Kolyma towards the sea from Kolyma towards the east in search of the the east in search of the precious "walrus zub (tooth) precious "walrus zub (tooth) and fish bones" (walrus tusks and fish bones" (walrus tusks and "The final destination of and "The final destination of the voyage was supposed to the voyage was supposed to be river be river AnadyrAnadyr. But the ice . But the ice conditions whalebone" or conditions whalebone" or baleenbaleen). on the sea forced the ). on the sea forced the party to abort their mission. party to abort their mission. That did not stop Dezhnev That did not stop Dezhnev from trying it again the next from trying it again the next year.year.

The Arctic OceanThe Arctic Ocean

Ice VoyageIce Voyage In In 1648 Dezhnev, Popov, and 1648 Dezhnev, Popov, and

Fedot Alekseev, another of the Fedot Alekseev, another of the chief organizers of the chief organizers of the expedition, led the party of expedition, led the party of about 90 to up to 105 men in about 90 to up to 105 men in seven small Arctic-worthy ships (seven small Arctic-worthy ships (kochkoch) to river Anadyr. It took ) to river Anadyr. It took them ten weeks of sailing north them ten weeks of sailing north to get to Anadyr estuary. The to get to Anadyr estuary. The participation of Dezhnev in this participation of Dezhnev in this leg of the voyage is leg of the voyage is undocumented. Only the undocumented. Only the activities of Fedot Alekseev can activities of Fedot Alekseev can be traced today. From the be traced today. From the estuary Dezhnev went up the estuary Dezhnev went up the river and foundedriver and founded Anadyrskiy Anadyrskiy ostrog (fort).ostrog (fort).

Bibliography Bibliography Salentiny, Fernand: Salentiny, Fernand: DuMonts Enzyklopädie DuMonts Enzyklopädie

der Seefahrer und Entdeckerder Seefahrer und Entdecker. S. 144-145. . S. 144-145. Monte von Dumont, Köln 2002, Monte von Dumont, Köln 2002, ISBN 3-8320-8718-4ISBN 3-8320-8718-4

Semionov, Youri.: Semionov, Youri.: La conquête de la La conquête de la Sibérie du IXe siècle au XIXe siècleSibérie du IXe siècle au XIXe siècle. Payot, . Payot, Paris 1938. Paris 1938.

Müller, Gerhard Friedrich: Nachrichten Müller, Gerhard Friedrich: Nachrichten über Völker Sibiriens (1736-1742). hgg. über Völker Sibiriens (1736-1742). hgg. von Chelimskij, Evgenij A. Institut für von Chelimskij, Evgenij A. Institut für Finnougristik/Uralistik der Universität Finnougristik/Uralistik der Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 2003. Hamburg, Hamburg 2003.