presentation seren fouad

8/2/2019 Presentation Seren Fouad

1/25

Wireless Sensor Networks

Prepared by:Seren Fouad Elwash ( ID_NO :20012)

Present to :Dr.Elbhlool Fgee

Semester

Fall 2011-2012


2/25

What is a Sensor?

Definition: A device that produces a measurable response to a

change in a physical or chemical condition, e.g. temperature,ground composition.

Sensor NetworksA large number of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional,and small sensor nodes

They benefit from advances in 3 technologies digital circuitry wireless communication silicon micro-machining


3/25

Wireless Sensors

Low-power microscopic sensors with wireless communication

capability

Miniaturization of computer hardware

Intelligence

Micro Electro-Mechanical Structures (MEMS) Sensing

Low-cost CMOS-based RF Radios

Wireless Communications


4/25

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)

Sensing

Computation

Networking

Circulatory Net

New technologies

have reduced thecost, size, andpower of micro-sensors and

wireless interfaces

EnvironmentalMonitoring

Structural


5/25

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)

Even though wireless sensors has limited

resources in memory, computation power,

bandwidth, and energy.

With small physical sizeCan be embedded in

the physical environment.Support powerful service in aggregated form

(interacting/collaborating among nodes)

Self-organizing multi-hop ad-doc networks

Pervasive computing/sensoring


6/25

Wireless Sensor Networks

A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes

organized into a cooperative network. Each node consists

of processing capability may contain multiple types ofmemory have an RF transceiver, have a power source (e.g.,

batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various

sensors.

What are wireless sensor networks(WSNs)?


7/25

Sensor Node

In addition to one or more sensors, each node in a sensor

network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or

other wireless communications device, a small

microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery.

continue

Sensors

Processor

Radio

Storage

POWER

WSN device schematics

What are wireless sensor networks(WSNs)?


8/25

1-8

WSN node components

Low-power processor.

Limited processing.

Memory.

Limited storage.

Radio. Low-power.

Low data rate.

Limited range.

Sensors.

Scalar sensors:temperature, light, etc.

Cameras, microphones.

Power.

Sensors

Processor

Radio

Storage

P

O

W

E

R

WSN device schematics


9/25

Node Hardware

sensors CPU radio

battery

Acoustic, seismic,magnetic, etc.

interface

Electro-magneticinterface

Limited battery supply

Eventdetection

Wireless communicationwith neighboring nodes

In-nodeprocessing


10/25

Applications

BattlefieldDetection, classification and

tracking

Habitat Monitoring

Micro-climate and wildlife monitoring

Examples:

ZebraNet (Princeton)

Seabird monitoring in Maines Great Duck

Island

(Berkeley & Intel)


11/25

Applications

Structural, seismic Bridges, highways, buildings

Examples: Coronado Bridge San Diego(UCSD), Factor Building (UCLA)

Smart roads

Traffic monitoring, accident detection,recovery assistance

Examples: ATON project (UCSD)highway

camera microphone

Contaminants detection


12/25

Typical Features of WSN

A very large number of nodes, often in the order of thousands.

Asymmetric flow of information, from the observers or sensor

nodes to a command node.

Communications are triggered by queries or events.

At each node there is a limited amount of energy which in

many applications is impossible to replace or recharge. Almost static topology.

Low cost, size, and weight per node.

Prone to failures.

More use of broadcast communications instead of point-to-point.

Nodes do not have a global ID such as an IP number.

The security, both physical and at the communication level, is

more limited than conventional wireless networks .


13/25

Sensor Network Algorithms

Algorithms determine the path in

Determine the path is divided into two main groups:1. Selection depending on the title: It means to find the shortest

path between pairs depending on the title of the final contract.


14/25

Sensor Network Algorithms

2.Selection depending on the data: and looking for tracks

from multiple sources to a depth of One, allowing the collection ofdata.


15/25

Protocols determine the path

Classing flooding :

It is sending data to all nodes adjacent.

Disadvantages of this protocol:

*.Implosion Problem.

*. Overlap Problem.


16/25


Gossiping:

Each node of the data went to a neighboring one node this node is randomly

selected. After receiving node (d) data, it must be that forwards data to the

sender (b), otherwise the data were not up to the node (c).


17/25


Sensor Protocols for Negotiation Information SPIN:

*.SPIN1.

*.SPIN2.


18/25


19/25

Software simulated wireless network sensors

JavaSim.

GlomoSim.

NS-2.

SNetSim.


20/25

Sensor Network Protocol Stack

Transport

Data LinkPhysical

Network

PowerManagem

ent

Application

Mob

ilityManagement

TaskM

anagement

Power ManagementHow thesensor uses its power, e.g. turns

off its circuitry after receiving a

message.

Mobility ManagementDetectsand register the movements of the

sensor nodes

Task ManagementBalances andschedules the sensing tasks given

to a specific region


21/25

Physical Layer

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Application

You select and generate the appropriate frequencies inaddition to generating signals proliferation and exploration

and encrypt the data signals and modulated.

Data Link Layer

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Application The data link layer is responsible for the multiplexing

of data stream, data frame detection, medium accessand error control. Ensures reliable point-to-point and

point-to-multipoint connections in a communication

network.


22/25

Network Layer

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

ApplicationBasic issues to take into account when designing the

network layer for a WSN are:

Power efficiency

Data centric

Data aggregation . Locationing systems.


23/25

Systems the network

layer

function

SMECN The establishment of the planned partial network sensors so

that the track has less energy.

FLOODING Send data for all nodes regardless of.

the neighboring node that has received this data before or not.

GOSSIPING Choose one of the neighboring nodes at random and send

data to it.

SPIN No data is sent to the contract, provided

that sensitive but contain the types of messages

(ADV, REQ, DATA).

LEACH The formation of groups to reduce the power dissipation.

DIRECT DIFFUSION Gradients prepared speeches flowing from the source to the

rear or the bottom through the deployment of appropriate.

The following table shows Systems the network layer and

function of each system of systems or protocol selection:-


24/25

Transport Layer

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

ApplicationThis layer is used mainly when the intended access to the

Internet or any network External and protocols of thenetwork is UDP and TCP.

Application Layer

Physical

Data Link

NetworkTransport

Application

This layer contains the protocols to make the physical

and software layers

World and a clear sensitivity to network

applications and protocols such:

*. Sensor management protocol (SMP).

*. Task assignment and data advertisement protocol

(TADAP).

*. Sensor query and data dissemination protocol (SQDDP).


25/25

Thank you

presentation seren fouad

Documents