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PRESENTATION TITLE GOES HERE Containers: The Future of Virtualization & SDDC

Anil Vasudeva President & Chief Analyst

IMEX Research.com

Containers: Future of Virtualization & SDDC Approved SNIA Tutorial © 2015 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved.

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Abstract

Containers: The Future of Virtualization & SDDC This session will appeal to Data Center Managers, Development Managers, and those that are seeking a fundamental understanding of the future of virtualization and next generation software defined data centers both on-premise and in clouds. The session delves into the emergence of containers as the next generation of virtualization to run multiple applications without a hypervisor and as the light weight platform that will extend to software defined data centers (SDDC). Their rapid adoption by both startups and major IT vendors is a testament to their “Build and Configure once , run anywhere” portability between On-Premise DCs to Clouds., The session is targeted to bring a clear understanding of this key technology to developers as well as systems admins and cloud service providers

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IT Industry Journey - Roadmap

Integrate Physical Infrast./Blades to meet CAPSIMS®IMEX Cost, Availability, Performance, Scalability, Inter-operability, Manageability & Security

Integration/Consolidation

Standard IT Infrastructure- Volume Economics HW/Syst SW (Servers, Storage, Networking Devices, System Software (OS, MW & Data Mgmt. SW)

Standardization

Cloudization On-Premises > Private Clouds > Public Clouds Cloud-Aware Infrast.In DCs,. Cascade Apps migration to SPs/Public Clouds.

Virtualization–VMs & Containers Pools Resources. Provisions & Monitors Resources to optimize Delivery of various Business Services

Automatically Config Srvcs to Meet VM/App SLAs (Self-Discover/Configure, Self-Healing©IMEX, Centralized Control OnPrem or Cld

Automation/SDDC

IT Industry Roadmap (Source: © IMEX Research)

Big Data Analytics Predictive, Cognitive Analytics-Unstructured/All Data From Dashboards Visualization to Prediction Engines using Big Data.

IT Industry Roadmap

4


Data Center IT Issues & Solutions

Issue Industry Solution • VMs/Hypervisor treated all apps as same Created Blender Effect Poor Performance of some VMs

• Workload I/O Optimized Infrastructure • Solid State/Flash for I/O intensive Apps (e.g. OLTP) • Application segregated by Frequency of use into Hot/Warm/Cold

Storage • Each Application is different and depending on its

SLA/mission criticality needs in the Data Center or Cloud

• Must identify various Metrics to meet SLA needs such as Availability, Performance, Cost, Security etc. (e.g. Performance metrics - Latency vs Bandwidth)

• Storage must meet 2 major criteria of Data Protection Storage Efficiency

• Implement technologies RAID, Continuous Availability, Compression, Encryption,

• Real-Time IT/Databases needed for both On-line Transaction Processing to Real-Time Deep Queries Cloud Queries Exploding VMs heavy due having to load 10-20 MB of OS

from storage slowing queries

• Implement New technologies RDBMS/Big Data/Virtualization VMs, Columnar Compression Use of Lightweight Containers with no Hypervisor or not

having to load OS – witness Google containers using 7000 queries per second

Bandwidth

I/O Intensive Workloads

Memory Intensive Workloads

Compute Intensive Workloads

Net-Speed Intensive Workloads

IOPs

(1/L

aten

cy)

OLTP

RDBMS/ Big Data

HPC

Streaming

Com

pute

I/O

Network I/O

Storage I/O

5


Virtualization led Workload Consolidation provided >20x Savings in RE, Pwr., HA

WW Spending on Servers

Cos

t ove

r 3

year

s

995 Pre-Virtualization (VZ) Servers 78 VZ Servers

VZ SW &

Support

Virtualization: TCO Savings

Power/Cooling & Data Management Multiple VMs create I/O Blender

Effect

Time

& Bottlenecks in Physical Servers sharing Memory

Virtualized Server Penetration

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Virtualized Servers Penetration

50% of all servers in 2011 growing to 85% by 2016

. Virtualization: Impact on IT Infrastructure

6


Virtualization

Past, Present, and Future of Virtualization

Legend: DE=Docker Engine; G-OS=Guest Operating System; HOST=Host Operating System; PI=Physical Infrastructure

App

licat

ion

1

HOST

PI

App

licat

ion

2

HOST

PI

App

licat

ion

n

HOST

PI

Legacy Computing Containerization

Docker Engine

Host Operating System

Physical Infrastructure

App

licat

ion

1

App

licat

ion

2

App

licat

ion

n

Host Operating System

Hypervisor

Physical Infrastructure

VM

App

licat

ion

1

GOS

App

licat

ion

2

GOS

App

licat

ion

n

GOS

Abstract Past, Present & Future of Virtualization

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Containers: In Perspective

Container = Hottest Trend in Data Center Innovation Container = Opening next wave of optimization of computing power usage post VMs Container = Lightweight OS Level Virtualization Container = Runs Multiple Apps without a Hypervisor Container = Build and Configure Once , Run Anywhere Container = Key to Google Search Engine speeds Google - World’s largest Linux Containers User Google Search launches 7000 containers/sec Search App in Container launches in msec

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State of Containers Industry

Containers: An open source app portability platform that packages app and its dependent component parts into a hardware isolated container Containers provide a more efficient use of Resources:: Eliminates Hypervisor reducing virtualization overhead while still allowing separation and isolation of multiple tasks on one host without relying on a separate OS, saving huge amount of HW resources compared to bulky VMs which emulate physical servers complete with OS Allows Easy Application Portability between different hosts within DCs, DC to DC/ DC to Cloud (Private, Public, Hybrid) / Cloud to Cloud Rapidly gaining adoption: Over15000 aps have been “containerized” and available on Docker Hub repositories, ready for server admins and cloud server providers to deploy both as free and paid options. Significant buy-in from both start-ups and large vendors: : Repositories – Ubuntu, Redis, MySQL, mongo DB etc. OS Vendors - Red Hat, SUSE, CoreOS, Boot2Docker - Mac & Windows … Clouds – IBM, Amazon, Microsoft, Rackspace, Google, Intel etc. Major Users - Paypal, eBay, Google, Spotify etc.. 9


Containers: Pros & Cons

Pros • Containers pack more computing workloads onto a single server • Launch capacity for new computing jobs in a split second vs minutes for VMs since no

loading of OS from storage required • Appealing to Virtualization Admins and Cloud Providers to maximize consolidation

and improve resources efficiency in multi-tenant price-sensitive environments • Developers able to rapidly move their applications from concept to production since

no need to boot up an OS instance of Linux or Windows for every app run • Efficiency driven from speed allows improvements in CapEx (Buy less HW) or OpEx

(Build/Rent less DC space, Fewer people in operations/maintenance). • Speed lets DCs respond quickly in case of a sudden spike in business activity

(explosion in searches/queries or Black Friday promotion driven sales orders) Cons • Shared back-end Host OS failures can create system-wide outages • Can’t provide a virtual instance of windows on a Linux Server • Uneasy co-existence with VMs in the long haul • Much as Containers give each app running on a server its own isolated environment to run, but those

containers all share host servers’ OS With severe dependencies.

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App A

Bins/ Libs

Guest OS

App A

Bins/ Libs

Guest OS

App A’

Bins/ Libs

Guest OS

VMs Every app, every copy of an app, and

every slight modification of the app requires a new virtual server.

VMs

App A

Bins/ Libs

App A

App A

Original App No OS to take

up space, resources, or

require restart

Copy of App No OS, can

share bins/libs

Modified App Copy on write

capabilities allow us to only

save the diffs between

Container A and Container A’

Containers

VMs vs. Containers

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VMs vs Containers Characteristics 1

Metric VM Containers Infrastructure • 100s of VMs can be put on a

single host server each running an application w its own Guest OS

• Strong Management systems available to deal with 100s of VMs per server

• Lightweight, require Less Memory space • Fast Launch time • 1000s of containers can be loaded onto a Host.

Containerized apps share Host OS’s kernel to execute work

• Containers can become ultimate form of compute intensive low power, dense computing environment

Performance • Slower than Containers since need to retrieve 10-20 GB of OS from storage per VM launch

• Fast creation without shackle of retrieving OS • Workload in Containers use Host OS kernel • Container can boot up in 0.5 seconds • Activates code instantly to test or launch add’l

ecommerce capacity

Interoperability • Systems designs fully compatibility with existing operations of enterprise DCs

• Apps are formatted in a standard way to be placed in a container.

• Once in a container, each type of app moves around the network in same way

Maturity • Robust, Highly Developed • Proven, even in mission critical

workloads

• Less Mature • Kinks not worked out yet • Cos. Still working on a creative Management System

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Metric VM Containers Security • Security of a dedicated OS

• Harder Logical Boundaries • Hypervisor controlled

dedicated pathway between App/Guest OS and Physical Infrastructure

• High security concerns • Containers share CPU, Memory, Disk in close proximity to

each other • Containers talk to each other using shared memory - one

container can steal neighbor’s data or spread its malicious code to neighbors

Portability • Highly portable between systems running same hypervisor (such as ESX, Hyper-V, Xen or KVM)

• Highly portable but bound to a certain version of an OS. • An app inside a container can’t move to another host OS,

only where there is copy of same OS w same version level

Multi-tenancy • VM’s Guest OS can be different than physical host’s OS allowing different types of Apps (Technical on Mac vs Marketing on Windows) to run on same Physical Host

• Higher Level isolation with many apps running under the host OS and all containers sharing certain OS’s kernel and certain Libs

• Proven barriers to keep containers colliding each other • Once in a container, each type of app moves around the

network in the same way


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Metric VM Containers Architecture • VMs package files that can

move from one host to another over internal networks or internet

• Built in layers and accessed independently.- a code change affecting one layer can be executed without touching other layers, making changes less dangerous vs. monolithic architecture in which an error can stall whole application

• Big apps can be broken into smaller ones running in their own containers, maintained & upgraded independently

• Google/Kubernetes for Docker Manages multi-containers adoptable by enterprises running clusters of containers for large apps across multiple computers.

Adoption & Futures

• Highly Developed and adopted in 50-60% of all large IT shops

• Robust, proven, even in mission critical workloads

• Multiple offerings by several vendors

• Being adopted as the foundation in next generation DCs and Clouds via Software Defined Data Centers SDDC – SDC/SDS/ SDN

• Google’s efforts to get container in Linux kernel & Docker making its creation & movements in open source helped developers rally around them as a standard, avoiding proliferations

• Docker formatting engine now a standard with lots of tools/ workflows

• By YE2014 -100 million downloads, 730 contributors • Support from Linux startups and large companies (IBM, MS,

RH, Docker, Google etc.) • IBM Docker Hub Enterprise with Middleware allowing

developers install preformatted dockerized containers in their won DCs and invoke the services through a link.

• Stack multiple micro-services on a host using containers


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App A

Bins/

Libs

App

Δ

Docker Container

Image Registry

Push

App

Δ

App A

Bins/

Libs

Update

Docker Engine

Base Container

Image

Container Mod A’

Container Mod A’’

App A’’

Bins/

Libs

Docker Engine Host is now running A’’

Host running A wants to upgrade to A’’. Requests upgrade. Gets only diffs.

Bin

s/Li

bs

Bin

s/Li

bs

Containers Lightweight Operation

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Official Repos & 14K+ Dockerized Apps

Community 460+ Contributors 250+ Meetups on Docker 2.75M Downloads 6700 Projects on GitHub

Support Enterprise Support Robust Documentation Implement, Integration, Training Network of Partners

Docker Platform

Docker Engine Docker Hub Build, Ship, and Run

Partners

Content

Users

Docker Ecosystem

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Any App

Any infrastructure • Physical

• Virtual cloud

+ 14K apps + 6K projects

API

Docker Engine Docker Hub Enterprise cloud-based platform services for

distributed applications

API

open source software at the heart of the Docker platform

Docker: Open Source Platform

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Stable core All major Linux platforms and distributions Execution engine plug-ins: LXC, libcontainer Filesystem plug-ins: AUFS, BTRFS, device mapper Host networking, link hostnames boot2docker: Mac OS X and Windows Support for SELinux and AppArmor TLS auth, systemd slices, release hashes

DockerFile

Source Code Repository

Mac/Win Dev Machine

Boot2Docker

Doc

ker

QA Machine

Linux OS

Doc

ker

…and a whole lot more!

Docker: Engine

18


Data

User DB

Queue

Analytics DB

API Endpoint Web

Frontend

Data Background Workers

Development VM

QA Server Public Cloud

Disaster Recovery

Contributor’s Laptop Production Servers

Production Cluster Customer Data Center

Distributed Applications

19


DBs, Web servers, OSes and more

Free on Docker Hub Registry

Optimized and tuned for Docker

Maintained and supported

Publisher program

Official Repositories

20


Container Deployment Infrastructure

Revision Control

Integration Tests Platforms

Docker Hub

boot2docker

21


Open Source Community

22


Containers extending virtualization to next generation computing bringing in speed with thousands of containers launch able within seconds on same hardware lowering CapEx and OpEx for enterprises and cloud service providers. Several start-ups and all major IT vendors endorsing it. Allows developers to quickly create, ready-to-run ”containerized” applications and enterprises to offer preconfigured, ready to run infrastructure apps to VARs and System Integrators to add industry vertical apps Makes managing and deploying applications much easier

Containers – In Perspective

23


Attribution & Feedback

24

Please send any questions or comments regarding this SNIA Tutorial to [email protected]

The SNIA Education Committee thanks the following Individuals for their contributions to this Tutorial.

Authorship History Original Author : Anil Vasudeva, IMEX Research.com

Additional Contributors Anil Vasudeva M.R.Pamidi Ph.D. Joseph L. White

mailto:[email protected]

presentation title goes here containers: the future of ... · containers: future of virtualization...

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