presentation to concrete structures
TRANSCRIPT
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PRESENTATION
REINFORCED CONCRETE
By Dr :Samy Akil Fawzy Ph.D. Concrete Structures.
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Reinforced Concrete structures may be:
1-Buidings
2-Tanks
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3-Bridges
4-Tunnels
5-Silos
6-Sheds & Halls
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7-Towers
8-Airports
9-Dams
10-Retaining walls.
11-chimenys
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In order to construct any concrete structure we
have to study the following items:
1-The materialsused in constructionSteel reinforcement Concrete or others.
2-The expectedloadson the structure.
Wind load- Seismic loads Dead or live loads
3-Thestraining actionsaffecting the structure
As Bending moment Shearing force & Normal force.
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Concrete structures are divided into 4 main elements:
1-Slab & Stairs
As Solid slab ,Hollow block ,Flat slab ,Paneled beam
precast slab ,Hollow core slab ,Double Tee.
2-Beams
Either cast in situ or Precast beams and can be used a steel joist instead
of the concrete beam.
3-Columns and Walls
Columnscan be of different shapes and sizes.
Wallscan be shear walls or wall cores
4-Footings & Retaining walls.
Footingsas isolated , combined ,strap, strip, piles , casions.Tie beams or smelles.
It is used to tie the whole building to act together if differential
settlement might occur to the soil and also it can be used in an upper
level to carry walls as to decrease the height of bricks in the ground level.
Retaining wallsact as a support for soil earth pressure.
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The Design of any structure element is the calculation of the needed
dimension & inclusion of steel reinforcement in order to resist the
straining actions which occur on the structure.
Slabs
Beams
Columns
Footing
Design
Concretedimension
Quantity
of steel.
Details of
Steel.
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Reinforced Concrete consists of:
Cement
GravelSand
Water
Admixtures
Strengthen by steel reinforcement.
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Concrete:Concrete has a high compressive strength and low tensile
strength it might be about one tenth of the compressive
strength.
The low tensile strength of concrete and ductility are
enhanced by the inclusion of reinforcement having a high
tensile strength and increasing the ductility of theconcrete element.
Reinforcement are generally designed to resist the tensile
stress in the region of the cracked concrete.
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Building Types
1-Skelton Type: The loads
are transferred from theSlabs to beams and the
columns carry the beams.
The loads from the columns
are carried by the reinforced
Footings.
2-Wall Bearing Type:
The old building type were the loads of the slabs are carried by beams
Which are above each wall, and the loads of the beams are transferred
to the bearing wall below(not less than 1 brick) to the footing below
either reinforced strip footing or plain concrete strip footing.
Wall
Footing
Slab R.C Beam
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The Wall bearing type ,the bricks starts at the
strip footings or R.C. smelles with a thickness
not less than 520 mm (2 bricks) and decreases
in thickness as we go upward so that the final
thickness of the wall bearing wont be less
than 250 mm (1 brick).
When the wall carry more slabs the downward
thickness of the wall will depend on the loads
above but wont be less than 520mm as
mentioned before.
Not less than 520 mm
Not less than 250
mm-Wall Bearing Type
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Skelton Type:The loads in the Skelton type building transfer from an
element to another till it reaches the ground.
1-Slab & Stairs
As Solid slab ,Hollow block ,Flat slab ,Paneled beam
precast slab ,Hollow core slab ,Double Tee.
2-Beams
Either cast insitu or Precast beams and can be used a steel
joist instead of the concrete beam.3-Columns
Columns can be of different shapes and sizes.
3-Walls
Walls can be shear walls or wall cores
4-Footings
Footings as isolated , combined ,strap, strip, piles , casions.4-Tie beams & Smelles
It is used to tie the whole building to act together if
differential settlement might occur to the soil and also it can
be used in an upper level to carry walls as to decrease the
height of bricks in the ground level.
4-Retaining walls.
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We will focus upon the slabs
The Slabs
Concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings
and used in the construction of floors and ceilings.
Slabs are carried by columns and beams
Reinforced concrete slabs typically ranges between 100 mm -500
mm in thickness.
The reinforced concrete slab depends upon the area carried and the
short span in fact for the serviceability requirements.
The choice of type of the slab depends on many factors the most
important is the economy of construction
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Solid Slabs might be
A-One way slab
B-Two way slab
C-Cantilever slab
Solid Slab
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1. ordinary flat slab
2. Flat slab with Drop panel only
3. Flat slab with Column Head only
4. Flat slab with Drop panel &Column Head
Flat Slab
ll bl kSlb
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Hollow block Slab
W ffl RbbdSlb
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Waffle or Ribbed Slab
P ldb
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Paneled beam
Slab
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Concrete Structures are affected by some kind of loading
as:
1-Dead load2-Live load
3-Wind load especially in towers
4-Earthquake loading
5-differntial settlement
6-temperature loading
7-braking force8-lateral shock in cranes
9-water and earth pressure
10-impact load
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Design of Reinforced Concrete members
1-Limit State design Method)Ultimate strength limitstate),(stability limit state),(Serviceability limit state).
2-Elastic (working Stress) Design Method
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Thank You for your attention