presentation to the mcc

WRC

Presentation to the MCC

jay bhagwan

Introduction

• Background– Irish Aid interest to fund research in the following

areas:• Dry sanitation • Drinking water quality• Franchising of water services O&M

• Based on proposal following amounts were requested as from 2008/09

– E300k per year for three years

Projects finalised

• The WRC has three year funding commitment from Irish Aid to support research projects

associated with: – 1) Basic sanitation technology research– 2) Franchising of water services O&M

Irish Aid Sanitation Franchising2008/09 Euro 300 1.6 2.0 2009/10 E 200 1.0 1.42010/11 E 200 1.0 1.4

Projects covered

• Sanitation :

– K5/1745 Understanding the sludge accumulation in VIPs, UDS and other on‐site sanitation systems, and strategies to manage desludging in the future when pits are full

– K5/1829 Investigating the potential of deep row entrenchment of pit latrine and waste water

treatment works sludge for forestry and land rehabilitation purposes.

• Franchising– Schools sanitation project Eastern Cape

Sanitation projects – FS management

Main Areas for Work

4. Treatment

4. Treatment 5. Disposal 5. Disposal

Low Cost

Waste

UNDERSTANDING THE SLUDGE ACCUMULATION IN VIPS, UDS AND OTHER ON‐SITE SANITATION SYSTEMS, AND STRATEGIES TO MANAGE DESLUDGING

IN THE FUTURE WHEN PITS ARE FULL

• Consolidation of knowledge on sludge build up and intervention strategies.

• Audit and establishing how many pits are reaching their operational lifespan and determining the conditions thereof.

• To describe the current situation in faecal

sludge management in South Africa.

• To analyze the institutional situation and interactions of the key stakeholders in faecal

sludge management.

• Determining sludge build‐up in VIPs, UDs

and other on‐site sanitation systems over their life span through field investigations.

• Developing new technologies, strategies and processes to manage desludging

and its safe disposal. This must include safe treatment

and disposal, as well comparative costing of all options. How to desludge

full pits and safely treat and manage the contents. It will

cover all aspects relating to the methods of desludging

pits (technical/manual), management.

Progress• Survey of WSAs

dealing with large scale on‐site sanitation in SA

– After considerable effort on the part of the researchers, every WSA in South

Africa has now responded– to the survey on pit emptying policy and practice. The report on

the findings is

included as Appendix C.– Only 109 WSAs

have either VIP or UD latrines (some use the terms

interchangeably, which can be– confusing). Of these only 18 have a policy regarding pit emptying, 34 have a

budget for pit emptying,– but 68 do nevertheless practice pit emptying to some degree.

• Investigation of Faecal

Waste Management Technology– Faecal

waste management (FWM) involves three operations: pit emptying;

sludge transport and sludge– Disposal

• Investigation of the Costs of Faecal

Waste Management– A wide range of costs is found in literature. There is difficulty in interpreting

this data due to the variability of the conditions and the assumptions made in

deriving the costs. – Even in South Africa the range of costs quoted for faecal

waste management

is high.

FS Desludging

Wet

Dry

Photo Credit; Manus Coffey, Dr Doulaye Kone, Un-Habitat

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Basically just want to go back to the two main types of waste. Wet and Dry. But need to pull back the ideas into the two halves; appropriate to wet dry?

3. Transport

Photo Credit; Steve Sugden, Manus Coffey, Dr Doulaye Kone, Un-Habitat

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Fully manual where the waste is carried from extraction to disposal sites. This is rare as distances are normally large. Often a manual – mechanised approach could be taken where waste is manually extracted into containers which are then carried to a tranport vehicle and for transport to disposal site. Or fully mechanised systems could be achieved just in the context of a trailer tanker, or through the intergration of the exhausting machine and the transporter, as with a vacuum tanker.

A‐ Extraction of Dry Waste

Photo Credit; Steve Sugden

Too expensiveOverly complex

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Focus on manual aids and semi mechanised systems which would use a mechanism to extract the waste and reduce or eliminate contact between the operator and the waste. Most progress has been made with the semi mechanised system. Further work on manual aids will come

A ‐ The PrincipleContainers are filled and then carried away from site to a transfer point

Presenter

Presentation Notes

The prototype is nearing completion and conclusions aren’t great. Tolerances and smooth operation are the key issue. Making the gobbler has been extremely hard, and the sheer effort has been too great for a potential solution. It may be back to the drawing board soon with this issue, perhaps with the use of a archimedial screw design or some other. I feel close to the solution. The gobbler has provoked interest in some fabricators!

B ‐

Light weight, low cost vacuum machine

•Low cost•Low maintenance•Simple•Light weight•Modular•Fill containers for easy transportation

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Though several and many machines that suck liquid waste, all expensive, complicated and high maintenance, bar the MAPET. So want to try a low cost light weight vacuum machine that uses the Piston based pump as on a vacuum machine rather than the vain pumps seen on the more expensive and complex fully mechanised machines.

C ‐ Transfer stations

Small bore sewer On site soak away

Solid Liquid Separating Mobile Transfer Station

•Optimizes transport•Reduces burden on disposal•Links into deep row entrenchment•Would work for dry and wet waste•Costs currently unknown•Capacity issue?•Mostly just a concept

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Therefore look at transfer stations, portable transfer stations etc etc. Some seen in Senegal trialed, but concideration to soak aways, solid liquid seperation etc etc. Limited to only design and costing!

Conclusion and main activities

A.

Gobbler + manual aids – finish and conclude research

alternativesB.

Light weight low cost

vacuum machine –

build and conclude

C.

Transfer stations –

design and cost only

D.

Maintain on going research

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Can we do better than this? Is it even necessary? People do, will and may continue to manually exhaust.

DEEP ROW ENTRENCHMENT OF PIT LATRINE

• To consolidate knowledge on sludge management for land disposal• To identify the critical parameters that must be measured in deep‐row

entrenched pit latrine• and secondary sludges

and to develop methods to sample and analyse

for

these• components• To simulate and monitor changes taking place in the soil and groundwater

in the vicinity of• deep‐row entrenched sludges

and to characterise

and simulate

subsurface contaminant movement• To develop innovative technologies, processes and strategies for

handling, transporting and utilising

biosolids

(sludge)• To undertake controlled tree growing experiments in the presence

of VIP

contents and to understand the interaction between trenched material and root development.

• To quantify the risk of contracting pathogenic illnesses as a result of trenching activities.

Progress• Literature Review

– The literature review was presented and discussed at the September 2008

Reference Group meeting.• Experimental sites

– Work is proceeding steadily at the Umlazi

E ponds site. To date approximately

800 m3 of pit sludge has been buried in 20 trenches. Ground water

monitoring equipment and boreholes have been installed, and ground water

samples are being taken on a monthly basis. To date approximately 250 trees

(Eucalypts and wattles) have been planted, and a further batch of planting is

scheduled to take place in May. Core samples of buried sludge have been

taken and analysed

and this is ongoing.

– A number of meetings have been held with Sappi

about working with the

project team to carry out trials in commercial plantations using

WWTW sludge

from the Howick

WWTW (managed by Umgeni

Water).

– Mondi

has also confirmed interest in participating in these trials.

– The Bartlett’s Estate site (discussed at the first reference group meeting) may

still be used for further pit sludge burial trials. The extent of the Bartlett’s trial

will hinge on budget constraints and a decision on this will have to be taken in

the next two months.

• Ground water monitoring progress– The UKZN team from the School of Bioresources

Engineering and

Environmental Hydrology (SBEEH)– has installed instrumentation for monitoring the groundwater at the

Umlazi

E ponds site. Their report on– the installations is included in Appendix B1.– The SBEEH team has also commenced with the work required to

model the flows of solutes in the– ground water at Umlazi, and their report describing this work

• Sludge characterization study– The UKZN team from the Pollution Research Group (PRG) has

commenced work on sampling and analysing

the sludge both before and after burial. To date indications are that after burial there is a

reduction in COD and in moisture content, but the study is still

in an early stage.

• Pathogen survival study– The PRG will be monitoring ascaris

survival and coliphage

and E coli movement at the burial sites.– This work is set to commence shortly.

• Tree tower trials– UKZN’s

School of Biological and Conservation Sciences’

Prof Norman Pammenter

and two Masters students, Craig and Graham Taylor, will be monitoring tree growth and

tree health at Umlazi. They have also started the process of setting up tree tower trials at the Howard campus using

the same site that was previously used for the Urine Diversion waste tree tower trials, for which dwarf paw‐

paw trees were used.

EXPLORING WATER SERVICES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE THROUGH FRANCHISING PARTNERSHIPS

BUTTERWORTH SCHOOLS SANITATION AND WATER

SERVICING PROJECT

Butterworth Education District

Servicing Schools Sanitation and Water Facilities

Memorandum of Understanding for the Pilot Project for Butterworth

District

An “MOU”

was agreed on 15 January 2009 for co‐operation for the roll‐ out of the Butterworth pilot project.

The pilot activities were started on 1 April 2009

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONEASTERN CAPE PROVINCE

MOU

Butterworth Pilot Programme

Water Research

Commission (WRC)

Water Research

Commission (WRC)

Eastern Cape Department of Education


Council for Scientific and

Industrial Research (CSIR)

(Technical Assistance)


Industrial Research (CSIR)(Technical Assistance)

SMME

Franchisee

SMME

Franchisee

Amanz’

abantu

/

Impilo

Yabantu

(Franchisor)

Amanz’

abantu

/

Impilo

Yabantu(Franchisor)

SMME

Franchisee

SMME

Franchisee

SMME

Franchisee

SMME

Franchisee

Service Level

Agreement

O&M Contracts

Licensing

Agreement

Franchise

Agreements

Employers

Representative

(ER)

Employers

Representative

(ER)

Service Level Agreement

Butterworth Schools Sanitation and Water

Pilot Project

Project Scope and Requirements

• There are almost 6000 schools in the Eastern Cape Province, and the Department of Education

requires:– Improved maintenance of sanitation & water facilities – Acceptable standards are achieved consistently– Ongoing monitoring & reporting– Regular auditing– Planning and Budget control

• The Butterworth Educational District includes approximately 400 schools across 3 local

municipalities.

Observed Problems

• Loss of dignity for learners and staff due to non‐ existence or poorly maintained facilities.

• Insufficient access to maintenance support due to geographical spread and internal system

constraints.• Lack of prioritization for health & hygiene related

matters.• Solid waste management and disposal.• Lack of budget due to prioritization of schools

construction above O&M activities.

Water Services Franchise A Business Partnership

MANAGEMENT

ADMINISTRATION

MARKETING

PROCUREMENT

OPERATIONAL

SUPPORT

QUALITY

MANAGEMENT

SAFETY, HEALTH

ENVIRONMENT

TRAINING

Memorandum of Understanding for the Pilot Project for Butterworth

District

An “MOU”

was agreed on 15 January 2009 for co‐operation for the roll‐ out of the Butterworth pilot project.

The pilot activities were started on 1 April 2009

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONEASTERN CAPE PROVINCE

MOU

Butterworth Pilot Programme

Water Research

Commission (WRC)

Water Research

Commission (WRC)




Industrial Research (CSIR)

(Technical Assistance)


Industrial Research (CSIR)(Technical Assistance)

SMME

Franchisee

SMME

Franchisee

Amanz’

abantu

/

Impilo

Yabantu

(Franchisor)

Amanz’

abantu

/

Impilo

Yabantu(Franchisor)

SMME

Franchisee

SMME

Franchisee

SMME

Franchisee

SMME

Franchisee

Service Level

Agreement

O&M Contracts

Licensing

Agreement

Franchise

Agreements

Employers

Representative

(ER)

Employers

Representative

(ER)

Service Level Agreement

Butterworth Schools Sanitation and Water

Pilot Project

Scope of Services by SMME

•

The SMME will undertake the following:1.Clean inside and outside of the ablution facilities2.Undertake basic maintenance of facilities3.Remove

foreign

material

and

dispose

safely

at

designated

solid

waste

site

(solid

waste

management may be added to scope later)

4.Remove

excess

liquid,

dispose

liquids

safely

through irrigation

5.Educate SGB members on water & sanitation 6.Present to learners good health and hygiene practice7.Reporting

of

activities

and

state

of

facilities

to

district

managers

Many schools look like this

Some look like this.

Selection of Trainee Franchisees

Training of Prospective Franchisees

Each

SMME

undergoes

training

to

prepare

them for undertaking their future role, including:

1.Correct

use

of

on‐site

sanitation

facilities

and

rural water systems

2.Pit Emptying using on site sanitation methods3.Occupational

Health

&

Safety,

including

basic

First

Aid

and use of PPE4.Environmental management practices5.Solid waste handling and disposal6.Health and hygiene education 7.Basic plumbing / rainwater harvesting8.Pump operation and maintenance procedures9.Basic business management and administration

Trainee Franchisees

Franchisee at work

Getting to work....

Arriving at schoolArriving at school Report to HeadmasterReport to Headmaster

Cleaning pedestals

Cleaning around toilet facilities, including the removal Cleaning around toilet facilities, including the removal of vegetation and rubble etc.of vegetation and rubble etc.

Inspect and Report

Inspect and report broken and Inspect and report broken and damaged elements, and all safety damaged elements, and all safety

hazardshazards

Health and Hygiene Awareness Creation

Hand washing and hand sanitizing Hand washing and hand sanitizing practicepractice

Explain to learners correct Explain to learners correct usage of toilets and good usage of toilets and good

hygiene practiceshygiene practices

More Hard Work

In all the difficult places

Before and After

presentation to the mcc

Documents