Mary Grace Paler Jeoffrey G. Garillo Mark Anthony Valenzuela 

“DRYER”

Drying is the process of simultaneous heat and moisture transfer. It is the removal of excess moisture from the grains. Once dried, the rice grain now called rough rice, is ready for processing. Proper drying results in increased storage life of the grains, prevention of inferior in quality, reduction of biological respiration that leads to quality loss of grains, and optimum milling recovery.

Drying of grain involves exposing grain to air with low relative humidity (RH) which will lead to evaporation of the moisture in the grain and then the moisture’s removal away from the grain. 

In our country three methods are used for drying the paddy grains, namely:

• Sun drying• Mechanical drying• Chemical drying

SunDrying

Sun drying is a traditional method of drying the paddy grains. In fact, the major quantity of produce is being dried in the country by this method. Sun drying is the most economical method of drying grains. Grains are spread on drying surfaces such as concrete pavement, mats, plastic sheets and even on fields to dry naturally.

Mechanical Drying

Mechanical drying process means drying the grains by ventilating natural or heated air through the grain mass to get it evaporated the moisture from it. Mechanical dryers are more reliable since drying could be done anytime of the year.

Chemical Drying

Chemical drying method involves the spraying of common salt solution with specific gravity of 1.1 to 1.2. This treatment reduces the moisture content from 29% to 14.5% after four days.

PADDY DRYER

Facility Code Mechanical Drier

Brand/Model Greenmac (Recirculation)

Type Recirculating

Year acquired 2000

Acquisition Cost P369,900.00

Location Aguso, Warehouse 2

Rated capacity 6 tons holding Capacity

Drying Capacity 0.4TPH at 24% initial MC

Manufacturer Korea Industrial Co./Emerald Machinery

Total kw Rating 3.7 kw

Burner/Fuel Kerosene

Fuel Consumption 4 liter/hr./heater

Circulation Time 1 hr 20 minutes average

Condition Operational

Status Utilized during drying/mixing/blending

PROFILEE OF GREENMAC DRYER:

PARTS OF THE PADDY DRYER:

1. Screw conveyor:

is a mechanism that uses a rotating helical screw blade, called a "flighting", usually within a tube, to move liquid or granular materials. They are used in many bulk handling industries. Screw conveyors in modern industry are often used horizontally or at a slight incline as an efficient way to move semi-solid materials, including food waste, wood chips, aggregates, cereal grains, animal feed, boiler ash, meat and bone meal, municipal solid waste, and many others.

2. Bucket elevator:

A bucket elevator, also called a grain leg, is a mechanism for hauling flowable bulk materials (most often grain or fertilizer) vertically.

3. Fuel Oil Burners:An fuel oil burner is a mechanical device that combines fuel oil with proper amounts of air before delivering the mixture to the point of ignition in a combustion chamber. It is essential for the efficiency of the combustion process that the oil/air mixture is well homogenized and with as few pure droplets of fuel oil as possible

Burner

Type SprayingIgnition Auto ignition

Oil consumption(1/H) 16

Fuelfuel Kerosene or diesel

Tank capacity 200

5. Electric Motor:

Units that motor attachment Output(HP) No. of poles

Fan 2 4Elevator 3/4  4

Axial of lower screw conveyor  3/4 4

Dust cleaner 1/6  2Divider 1/16  4

4.Dust Collector:

A dust collector is a system used to enhance the quality of air released from industrial and commercial processes by collecting dust and other impurities from air or gas. Designed to handle high-volume dust loads, a dust collector system consists of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning system, and a dust receptacle or dust removal system

6. Control Panel:

Loading Drying StopVentilation Discharge

Time Moisture(%)

Temperature(%)

Time

Switch

Timer OperationMoisture Setting

Quality of Grains

5

4

3

21

L

17

16

15

14

13

12

Fuse Fuse Fuse

Power switch

Power fuse Burner fuse Divider motorfuse

Procedure and Performance on controller:

Operating stages Operating procedure

Operating performance and indication

Power Starts power source

Power light is ON, temperature meter indicates

the temperature of inside section, other signals are no

action.

Loading

Time switch turns to rigth side. Operating

turns to "loading" position. Full load

switch turns to "ON". Push the green

operating button

If no signals, it indicated normal. Prepare loading, finish the load operating

circuit. Elevator, dust cleaner and Screw conveyor begin to

operate. If the grains are over-load, the over-load

detector have the function to indicate the alarm signal. The

over-load ligth is ON. All operation are stop.

Circulating and

Ventilating

Operating selection switch turns to "drying" position.Push the green

operating button.

Elevator , dust cleaner, fan (suction), decelerating motor

and other parts begin to operate.

Circulating and Drying

Sets the desired drying temperature on the temperature setting meter. Timer knobs

turns to the right to set the required time

period.

Burner begins to ignite automatically. As the drying

temperature reaches the setting values. It will drop

automatically. After finishing drying, drying system stop.

Discharging

Operating selection switch turns to "discharging"

position.Push the green operating button. Pull the discharging cord. Push the red stopping

button.

Prepare to discharge. Elevator, dust cleaner and decelerating

motor and other parts are operating begin to bag.

MOISTURE CONTROL:

I: Moisture setting procedure:Set the requiring moisture content of grains on drying operation, as the measuring values of moisture content lower than or equal to the setting value, dryer will stop automatically.If the moisture setting does not function and operator choose the “Time operating” position, dryer does not stop automatically by the measuring value of moisture content.

II: Auto moisture measurement:1. From the beginning of drying to end, the moisture

contents of grains are measured every 60 minutes.

2. As the measured value of grains is same or lower than setting value the dryer stop automatically.

3. The indication for LCD monitor. (Auto measurement of

moisture content).

23.4 18.4

15.0

00.0

Moisture indication Moisture indication

End of drying

Interacting indication

BURNER:Utilization and maintenance of Burner:1. From tank, keep the outlet of fuel and the center of the burner

(fuel pump) be horizontal.

2. Release the upper screw of oil filter, discharge the oil filter completely and locked the screw tightly.

3. Release the upper screw of electro magnetic pump, discharge the air of

interior of pump completely then locked screw tightly.4. After the power is supplied, the generator and igniting

transformer will operate and ignite the burner after 1.3 seconds.

5. The trouble shooting as the drying temperature can not be increased.

a. Adjust the air valves at the side of fan (installed at the upper of the

burner).

b. Nozzle is blocked and then can not be ignited.

c. Filter is blocked and then can not be ignited.

6. As the combustion is not completely, check the pressure of fuel pump to reach the required pressure of 8.5 kg/ cm2 or not.

7. Trouble shooting for the vibrating combustion.a. The water is different quality of oil is mixing in the

burner.b. The position of flame-stable and igniting rod does not

keep the optimum distance as the requirement of specification.c. Voltage is not large enough to misting performance is

not good, then induce the vibrating combustion.

d. Igniting transformer is aging so the spark is not strong enough to ignite the flame.

e. Electronic rod is not clean.f. Block of nozzle or filter.g. Block of combusting pump.h. Block of electric magnetic valve.

8. Flame is unstable as combusting.a. Nozzle is block clean the nozzle.b. Voltage is too low-connect power circuit wire as

specification.c. The width of air regular valve is too large.d. Fuel contains impurities.

9. Noise as fuel pump operatinga. Air of fuel pump do not exhaust completelyb. Leakage exited at the side of oil entrance then suck in the air.c. Fixed screw of pressure regular do not locked completely.

10. Can not be ignited after electric power supplya. Block of nozzleb. No fuels at tanksc. Valve of oil entrance do not opend. Motor of burner do not worke. Igniting rods contact with the flame piece, so it can not induce flame

TROBLESHOOTING FOR CONTROL PANEL:ERROR CAUSE ACTION

Power ligth is off No power Check power supply

Push the selection button, the LCD is ON

but the equipments are

not work

Power sources phase problem

Use the multimeter to check the non-welding

switch, fuse and terminal, to check the

power supply Connect of motor is loose or connection is

not goodCheck and connect it

Do not set the drying time. Drying time is

equal to zeroReset the drying time

Monitor indicates 000

and stop

The actuel moisture of grains had reached the

setting values

Recheck the moisture contentof grains by portable moisture

meter

Monitor indicates 111

and stopIndicates the over-load

The overload cause the stop operation, discharge the

unnecessary grains and begin to dry again

Monitor indicates 001 and stop

Burner is error:

1. Oil supply is lose, no holes open at the cover of

oil tank, oil switch is close.

Refill fuel, check the holes at he cover of oil

tank, open the valve of oil tank

2. air exit in the fuel tube

Clean the air in the tube, loose the small screw on

the the oil flow out3. Residue mix in the oil

tank or filterClean the filter net in the

oil tank and filter

4. The setting of high temperature preventer is not correct

Connect the two wires of high temperature

preventor, if the burner operates normally, then indicates the setting is not correct. Adjusting this preventoruntil the

burner operate normally

Residuefire exist after stop

combusting

Air exist in the fuel tube and oil filter

Exhaust the air within the tube

Carbon accumulate in the stove Clean it

Temperature can not increase

1. Fuel pump is damage

Connect the power source of oil pump to

220V power source, if no action or the distance of

fuel supply is not far enough, if indicates the

pressure of pump is enough

2. Nozzle is block Replace it, clean it

3. The plate of side entrance is open

Close all the openig position of drier

4. Check the pressure of oil pump

Install the pressure gage to check the pressure at

the combustion stage

Burner produce a red flame, dust or noise (shock) open

at the igniting

The open degree of suction adjusting vavle is not well

adjust it

Monitor indicate 002 and stop

operating

Error in lower divider

1. The length of mouse tail for limit switch of lower divider is too

long

Cut the length of mouse tail to the optimum

length

2. The caopacitor of motor is damage Replace the capcitor

3. The connector between limit switch and controller is loose or broken(Damage by mouse)

Connect the wire and fixed it

4. Foreign materials block the lower divider

Open the cover of neating section and

inspect it, take off the foreign materials if

neccessary

5. Motor's wire is breaken or damage(caused by mice)

Connect the wires to 220V source to check it

performance, if the wire is breaken,

connect it.6.The gear in the geasr

box is brokenOpen the gear box,

replaced itif necessary

7. fuse is broken Replaced a new

Monitor indicate 003 and stop

Fan is damage Check the motor of fan

The junp of electric magnetic swict can

not reset

Open the lower controller. Switch it at the rigth side, if the swicth can not be resetted, rest it by hand and check the connection of wire,

replaced it if necessary

Monitor indicate 004 and stop

The lower conveyor or dust cleaner is disorder

1. The motor of lower conveyor or dust cleaner is damage

Replaced it

2. Lower conveyor motor or dust cleaner is damage

Replaced it

3. Foreign materials block the lower conveyor

Clean

Monitor indicates 005 and stop

Error in elevator

1. Loading over Discharge the unnecessary grains

2. Foreign materials block the upper conveyor axis

Clean it

3. Transmission belts of elevator motor is loose Adjusment

Noise exist at the operation of the

elevator

1. The fixed screw of bucket attached

conveying belts is release or loss

Adjust and fit

2. Release of the conveying belt of

elevatorAdjust

Monitor indicate 006 and stop

Wires of ambient air thermister is broken

Connector between moisture sensor and

controller is poor contact or disconnect

Measure the voltage between green and

multimeter. IT should indicates near 1.6 ohm

values at normal temperature. If no

signal, replaced wires or repair it.

“NEXT IS RICE MILL”