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WELCOME

SUBMITTED BY,PRASEEDHA.P.SNATURAL SCIENCE

THINKING

As humanbeings we think all the time...

Most of our thinking takes little or no concious effort.We just do it. You could almost say that we think with out thinking.

Thinking therefore represents the most complex and subtile of psychological processes

Imagination is supposed to be the simplest and most basic form of thinking

Nature of Thinking

As has already been mentioned, early philosophical psychologist tended to look upon thinking as a faculty or a primary mental ability.

John watson,the leader of the school of behaviourism struck out on a totally different path.According to him thought or thinking was essentially motor in nature involving the movement of every fine muscles in the throat and laryngial region

Watson said that thinking is nothing but silent talking or implicit speech.

Types of thinking

CONCRETE OR PERCEPTUAL THINKING

IS THE SIMPLEST FORM OF THINKING.

THE BASIS OF THIS TYPE OF THINKING IS PERCEPTION.

IT IS ALSO CALLED CONCRETE THINKING AS IT IS CARRIED OUT ON THE PERCEPTION OF ACTUAL OR CONCRETE OBJECTS AND EVENTS.

REFLECTIVE THINKINGa) THIS IS SOME WHAT HIGHER FORM OF THINKING.

b) IT AIMS AT SOLVING COMPLEX RATHER THAN SIMPLE PROBLEMS.

c) IT REQUIRE REORGANIZATION OF ALL THE RELEVENT EXPERIENCES AND THE FINDING OF NEW WAYS OF REACTING TO A SITUATION OR OF REMOVING AN OBSTACLE INSTEAD OF A SIMPLE ASSOCIATION OF EXPERIENCES OR IDEAS

d) MENTAL ACTIVITY IN REFLECTIVE THINKING DOESNOT INVOLVE THE MECHANICAL TRIAL AND ERROR TYPE OF EFFORTS. THERE IS AN INSIGHTFUL CGNITIVE APPROACH IN REFLECTIVE THINKING

e) IT TAKES ALL THE RELEVENT FACTS ARRANGED IN A LOGICAL ORDER IN TO ACCOUNT IN ORDER TO ARRIVE AT A SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM IN HAND

ABSTRACT THINKING OR CONCEPTUAL THINKING

THIS DOES NOT REQUIRE THE PERCEPTION OF ACTUAL OBJECTS OR EVENTS.

IT IS REGARDED AS BEING SUPERIOR TO PERCEPTUAL THINKING AS IT ECONOMIZES EFFORTS IN UNDERSTANDING AND PROBLEM SOLVING

CREATIVE THINKING

A. THE STUDENT CERTAINLY MUST HAVE COME ACROSS THE

TERMS CREATIVITY, CREATIVETHINKING,etc.

B.HE MUST HAVE COME ACROSS THE NAMES OF CREATIVE SCIENTS,ARTISTS AND WRITERS LIKE GALILEO, NEWTON ,LEONARDO, DA VINGI,SHAKESPEARE, KALIDASA AND MANY OTHERS.

CONVERGENT THINKING

ACCORDING TO GILFORD,TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE GENARALLY DEALS WITH DAY TODAY PROBLEM SOLVING ACTIVITIES, MAINLY INVOLVING CONVERGENT THINKING WHICH INVOLVES THE DIRECTION OF ALL THOUGHT PROCESS IN ONE SINGLE DIRECTION.

IT IS RATIONAL & LINEAR

DIVERGENT THINKING

WHILE A DIVERGENT THINKER STARTS FROM EXISTING KNOWLEDGE, THE THOUGHT PROCESSES PROCEED IN DIFFEREND DIRECTIONS, AND ARE NOT LIMITED OR BOUND BY EXISTING KNOWLEDGE.

THE DIVERGENT THINKER HAS AN OPEN MIND.

HE IS NOT CONTROLLED BY THE BELIEF THAT THERE IS “ONE BEST SOLUTION” TO ANY PROBLEM OR “THE CORRECT ANSWER” TO ANY QUESTION.

THANK YOU