presented by [email protected] introduction history types principle simple view block diagram...
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Presented byAkshaykumar c. khapane
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER plant
D. Y. Patil Collage of Engg & Tech.SE - PRODUCTION
IntroductionHistory Types PrincipleSimple view Block diagramDifferent damAdvantage & disadvantage References
INDEX
HYDRO POWER
INTRODUCTION
1) One of the most widely used renewable source of energy for generating electricity on large scale basis is hydropower
2) The power obtained from river or ocean water is called as hydropower
3) Hydropower is the renewable source of energy since water is available in large quantities from rain, rivers, and oceans and this is will be available for unlimited time to come
HISTORY
- In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of lumber and grain and for pumping irrigation water
- Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power
- The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250 lights
- The largest and last masonry dam built by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation was the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona between 1905-1911; its power output has increased from 4,500 kW to 36,000 kW
- Still in use today, Niagra Falls was the first hydropower site developed for a vast quantity of electricity
TYPES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Water wheels
2) Hydro power plants
3) Wave energy from oceans
4) Tidal energy
5) Damless hydro power
Based on Quantity of Water Available
1) Run-off river hydro plants with pond
2) Run-off river hydro plants with pond
3) Reservoir hydroelectric power plants
Based on the Head of Water Available
1) Low head hydroelectric power plants
2)Medium head hydroelectric power plants
3) High head hydroelectric power plants
Based on the Nature of Load
1) Base load hydroelectric power plants
2) Peak load hydroelectric power plants
PRINCIPLE OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
WATER CYCLE
VAPORATION PRECIPITION RAIN
The continuous cycle in which water changes from water vapor in the atmosphere to liquid water through condensation and precipitation and then back to water vapor through evaporation, transpiration, and respiration
Water energies: Kinetic energy , Potential energy
PROCESS / STAGES
1) Water in reservoir
2) Fall in turbine blade
3) Shaft rotation
4) Electric generation
5) Flow back of water Water cycle in the hydraulic power plant [email protected]
DAM TURBINE
POWER HOUSE
INTAKE
GENERATOR
PENSTOCKRE
SE
VO
IR
POWER LINE
TRANSFORMER
COMPONENT AND WORKING OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
1) Dam
What is dam
Location
Classification of dams
Storage dams Diversion dams Detention dams Overflow dams Rockfill dams Gravity dams
Gravity dam
Dam structure and design
DAM
The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from
water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation
to a lower elevation through a large pipe (penstock). When the water
reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine.
The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the
generator, making electricity.
TYPES F DAMS ON THE HEAD LEVEL Low head hydroelectric power plants (>30 m)
Medium head hydroelectric power plants ( 30 m to 300 m)
High head hydroelectric power plants (more than 300 m , up to 1000m )
2) Water reservoir
Place behind the dam Height of water
Potential energy
3) Intake or control gates
Gates inside of the dam.
Inlet gates
4) The penstock
To carries the water Controlled by the control gates
5) Water turbines
Convert HYDROLIC energy to MECHANICAL energy
6) Generators
Convert MECHANICAL energy in ELECTRICAL [email protected]
7) TransformerConverts the alternating current to high voltage current.
Two coils: the supply coil and the outlet coil.
Voltage required for various applications is 110V or 230V. Numbers of turns in outlet coil are double of supply coil, the voltage produced is also double.
8) Tailrace
Pipeline to drain the water
The potential energy of water in the tailrace has been used to generate electricity
INTAKEA water intake must be able to divert the required amount of
water in to a power canal or into a penstock without producing
a negative impact on the local environment.
conveying water from the intake to the power house.
Of concrete in low heads Of steel iis suitable for all heads
PENSTOCK
TRASH RACK
cleaning machine, which removes debris from water In order to save water ways and electromechanical
equipment from any damage. Set steel bars on edge to the flow of water and space about
1“ apart A head gate or valve should be installed below the trash
rack to control flow and to allow the turbine to be inspected and repaired.
CASE STUDY OF “HIRAKUND DAM”
It was the first major multipurpose river valley project started after India's independence.
Built across the Mahanadi river about 15 km from Sambalpur in the state of Orissa in India.
HISTORY
Built in 1956 Length is about (26 km)
(A) HYDROLOGICAL :-
(a) Catchment - 83400 Sq. Kms (32200 sq miles)(b) Rain fall(mm) - Original Revised
SALIENT FEATURES
Top dam level R.L 195.680M. (R.L.642 ft.)Dead storage level R.L 197.830 M (R.L 590 Ft)
N: Installed Capicity = 307.50 MW [email protected]
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF HYDRO POWER PLANT
Advantages
1) No fuel required
2) Cost of electricity is constant
3) No air-pollution is created
4) Long life
5) Cost of generation of electricity
6) Can easily work during high peak daily loads
7) Irrigation of farms
8) Water sports and gardens
9) Prevents floods
DISADVANTAGES
1) Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems
2) Disruption in the surrounding areas
3) Requires large areas
4) Large scale human displacement
5) Very high capital cost or investment
6) High quality construction
7) Site specific
8) Effects on environment
9) Safety of the dams
