Experience of Up-scaling and Integration of Regional Level Synchrophasors Pilot Projects

to a National Level project

Presented by – P.K.Agarwal, AGM, POSOCO, pk.agarwal@posoco.in

V.K. AGRAWALPower System Operation

Corporation/NLDC, Indiavkagrawal@posoco.in

P.K. AGARWALPower System Operation

Corporation/NLDC, Indiapk.agarwal@posoco.in

 

HARISH RATHOURPower System Operation

Corporation/NLDC, Indiaharishrathour@posoco.in

 

Outline

• Indian Power System

• Wide Area Monitoring System

• Synchrophasors Pilot Projects.

• Challenges in Up-scaling to National Pilot

Project.

• Way forward - URTDSM Scheme

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INDIAN POWER SYSTEM

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Evolution of National Grid

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Five Regional GridsFive Frequencies

Pre – October 1991

October 1991East and Northeast

synchronized

March 2003West synchronized

With East & Northeast

August 2006North synchronized

With Central Grid

Five Regional GridsTwo FrequenciesPost August 2006

One Frequency

Future: 2014One Grid - One Nation

4

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SOUTHERN REGION

WESTERNREGION

EASTERN REGION

NORTHERN REGION NORTH-

EASTERN REGION

REGIONAL GRIDS

Deficit RegionSnow fed – run-of –the –river hydroHighly weather sensitive loadAdverse weather conditions: Fog & Dust Storm

Very low loadHigh hydro potentialEvacuation problems

Industrial load and agricultural load

Low loadHigh coal reservesPit head base load plants

High load (40% agricultural load)Monsoon dependent hydro

ALL INDIA INSTALLED CAPACITY

NORTH :- 61.3 GW EAST :- 28.8 GWSOUTH :- 56.8 GWWEST :- 78.7 GWNORTH-EAST :- 2.9 GW

TOTAL :- 228 GW

Indian Grid Diversity

International Connections

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Maps not to scale

BhutanNepalTala: 1020 MWChukha: 336 MWKurichu: 60 MWNet import by India

Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KVRadial links with NepalNet import by Nepal

Bangladesh400 KV AC line between Baharampur(India) and

Bheramara(Bangladesh) with 500 MW HVDC sub-station at Bheramara

Sri Lanka Proposed Madurai (India) and

Anuradhapura (Sri-Lanka) through ±500 KV HVDC under sea

cable

SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY

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Experience of Upscaling to National Pilot Project 8

Wide Area Monitoring System

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PMU

PMU

PMU

PDC Regional PDC

National PDC

PDC Input Streams

PDC Output Streams

PDC Output Streams

Data Storage and

Applications

Data Storage and

Applications

A Typical Architecture of WAMS

• WAMS is a networks of Phasor Measurement Units consist of

– PMUs synchronised with GPS. – Fast communication channels like FO.– Phasor data concentrator.– Data management and services software.

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Time Synchronised and Time Aligned Phasor Data from WAMS

• Allows us to see dynamics not visible in traditional SCADA measurement.

• Enables accurate event analysis by precise comparison• Like traffic cameras monitoring transmission highways.• Visualize traffic density as well as pattern.• Improve situational awareness.• Provide early warning of subtlest beginning of dynamic

interaction.• Provides root cause analysis of the events.

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SCADA vs WAMS

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Features SCADA/EMS WAMS Advantages

Data Periodicity & Measurement

4-10 seconds Unsynchronized

40 milisecond Synchronized

Accurate System representation for pin pointed problems detection

Angle Measurement

Not possible Possible Improved Power Flow for maintaining automatic Load/Generation balance

Oscillation Monitoring

Not possible Possible Power System Oscillations damping by improved tuning to achieve greater Grid Stability

Post fault analysis

Not in Real Time

Possible in Real Time.

Accurate & Fast Fault Analysis for suitable remedial actions

Dynamic behavior of the System

Not possible Possible Corrective measures possible to achieve greater Grid Stability

SYNCHROPHASORS PILOT PROJECTS

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First PMU Pilot Project

Dates Milestones June 2009 Management approvalSep 2009 Floating of Tender Oct 2009 Vetting of technical

specificationDec 2009 Approval by CERC Jan 2010 Award of ContractMay 2010 Commissioning

Concept to Commissioning : Within one Year

a) Separated by large geographical distance

b) Monitoring the Network Stability

c) Near big generating stations / critical nodes

d) Broad band communication link with the control centre

e) Relative Importance from present topology and prospective augmentation

• First PLU Pilot Project in India was implemented in by Powergrid/POSOCO in Northern Region.

• Project was having 1 PDC and 4 PMUs. Later more added. Now 14 Nos. in NR.

Time Line: PMU Locations:

System Architecture of NR Pilot Project

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1. Phasor Data Concentrator2. Data Historian3. LAN equipments4. Operator Console.

PMU Project Equipment

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1. Global Positioning System2. Phasor Measurement Unit.

Display for absolute frequency

Displays available at the operator console for visualization

Display for frequency difference

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All PMU Locations

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SN

Northern Region

Southern Region

Western Region

Eastern Region

North Eastern Region

1 Agra Gajuwaka Asoj Biharshariff Agratala

2 Bassi Gooty Bhadravati Binaguri Badarpur3 Dadri HVDC Kolar Bina (MP) Durgapur Balipara4 Hissar Narendra Boisar Farakka Bongoigaon5 Kanpur Ramagundam Dehgam Jamshed

pur Imphal6 Moga Somanhalli Itarsi Jeypore Misa7 HVDC Vindhychal, Sriperumbdur Jabalpur Patna Nehu8 Kishenpur Thrissur Kalwa Ranchi Sarusajai9 Meerut Tirunelveli Korba Rengali  10 Balia Vijaywada Raipur Rourkela  11 Rihand   Rgppl Sasaram  12 Bawana   Satna Talcher  13 Karcham

Wangtoo HEP   Solapur    

14 Mahendragarh   Vindhyachal (WR)    

15     Mundra APL    

Other Pilot projects being undertaken by other RLDCs

All Loactions of PMUs Pilot Projects

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Total no of PMUs - 59 Nos.(including 3 nos. PMU installed by IPPs)

Region wise PMUs:

NR - 14 NosWR - 15 NosER - 12 NosSR - 10 NosNER – 08 Nos

At present data from 44 PMUs are available at NLDC PDC.

In addition to above data from 4 PMUs installed as demo project is also available

National Synchrophasors Pilot Project Architecture

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PDC Console

Historian

NLDC

NER10 PMUs

Router

SR

NR

14 PMUs

8 PMUs

PDC/Console

12 PMUsER

15 PMUs

WR

PDC/Console PDC/Console

PDC/Console

PDC/Console

Improved Visualisation

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• Non-availability of communication links/channels:

• PMU locations and regional control centers.

• Regional control centers to National Control center.

• Location of some of the PMUs have to be shifted.

Communication channels

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Availability space for GPS antenna

• Some places due to limitation of cable length of GPS antenna.

• Due to unavailability of clearest possible view of the sky.

• GPS sometimes goes ‘out of sync’ in bad weather conditions.

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• PMUs needs accurate measurement of current and voltage signals as input

• Ideally input should be provided from protection core of the current transformer (CT).

• Non-availability of protection core or restriction of burden on protection core.

• Inputs to PMUs have to be provided from CT’s metering core.

Non availability of signals from protection core

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Issues with substations with automation system

• Issue of providing CT/PT connections to PMUs came up.

• physical connection from CT/PT are available only in bay control units (BCU) installed in switch yard area.

• PMU requires main input from bus PT, they were installed in BCU having bus signals.

• CTs for feeders were available in different BCUs. Hence, at such places line current could not be wired to PMUs.

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• Mismatch between different types of connectors used for termination of communication cables.

• different types of connectors-due to difference of rating/resistance/make and communication equipment of different technologies was a tedious task to resolve.

• Present communication system was installed under ULDC scheme in year 2000 - PDH technology - channels are separated by using hardware which uses G703 interface.

• Present equipment used for networking system uses Ethernet interface.

• Converters from G.703 to Ethernet were used. • These converters require external power supply.• became a week point due to need of external power supply..

Communication connectors

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• Storage at Regional PDC vs at National PDC.• National project, number of PMUs were large,

increased data storage capacity have to be provided.

• Using of internal hard drives of servers for data storage was not feasible.

• storage area network (SAN) system has been used for providing the high capacity of hard disk capacity required for the data historian.

• SAN also provided the scalability of storage capacity required in future.

Storage of data

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• Parameters matching of regional PDC with that of national PDC were the tedious task.

• Regional PDCs are of different make, they were having OEM supplied configuration utilities

• matching of their configuration parameters were not straight forward task.

• open source PMU connection tester was used for establishing the communication availability than parameters were easy to match.

Configuration of parameters

WAY FORWARD - URTDSM SCHEME

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Unified Real Time Dynamic State Measurement (URTDSM) Project

PROJECT ENVISAGES:• Installation of around 1750 PMU’s throughout the Grid in 2

phases at:– All 400 kV stations in State and ISTS grids– All generating stations at 220 kV and above– HVDC terminals and inter-regional and inter-national tie

lines– Both ends of 400kV and above transmission lines at State

and ISTS sector• 32 PDCs located at SLDCs, RLDCs and NLDCs. • Transmission of PMU data over fiber optic communication

network • Development of software analytics • 30% of the PMUs to be supplied to be manufactured

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URTDSM System – Data Flow Hierarchy

Super PDC at NLDC

Super PDC at Back up NLDC

Super PDCs at five RLDCs

Master PDCs at SLDCs

PMU -1

Router

PMU- n

PMU -1

Router

PMU- n

Remote Consoles to share data for planning &

Research

PMU -1

Router

PMU- n

PMUs located at IPPs across the Grid

PMUs located at State Sector Substations

PMUs located at Central Sector Substations

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Analytics Development

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Online Vulnerability Analysis

of Distance Relays

Online Instrument Transformer validation

Validation of networkparameters

Real time State monitoring

Model Validation

Validate and improve accuracy

Post-mortem analysis

PMU supervised tripping

of Zone-3

Synchrophasor based

State Estimation

VoltageStability Assessment

Angular stability assessment and control

Necessary Additional benefits

Frequency Stability assessment and control

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Thanks for your

attention14-11-2013