presented by qasim hasan bukai
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
1/26
TSUNAMI
Presented by
QASIM HASAN BUKAI
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
2/26
What is tsunami
A tsunami (pronounced soo-NAH-mee) is aseries of water waves (called a tsunami wavetrain)
It is caused when a large volume of a body ofwater, such as an ocean, is rapidly displaced.
The Japanese term is literally translated into"harbor wave."
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
3/26
History of tsunami
26 Dec 2004 - Indian Ocean tsunami
5000 BC and beyond
1650 BC, Santorini, Greece Tsunami
1755, Portugal
1883, Krakatoa Volcano
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
4/26
Other historical tsunamis 1960, Chili
1964, Alaska, British Columbia
The 1755 Lisbon earthquake
Sanriku, Japan, in 1896.
An earthquake in the Aleutian Islands sent a
tsunami to Hawaii in 1946
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
5/26
A very localized tsunami in Lituya Bay in 1958
The Moro Gulf region (Cotabato city) of thePhilippines in 1976
Western Japan in 1983
A Papua New Guinea tsunami on July 17, 1998
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
6/26
Earthquakes
volcanic eruptions underwater explosions
landslides
mass movements bolides impacts
all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
7/26
Types of tsunami
Immediate Waves
Seismic Seiches
Classical Tsunamis
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
8/26
Immediate Waves
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
9/26
Seismic Seiches
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
10/26
Classical Tsunamis
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
11/26
Travel at speeds of up to 400-500 miles per hour
In deep waters, tsunamis are low and wide, oftenless than three feet high
As much as 95 miles between the crest of one
wave and the next.
At shallower waters, they get more deadly
Can reach up to heights of 100 feet or more and
crash inland.
Tsunami characteristics
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
12/26
When a Tsunami Strikes
Travels at a speed that is related to the water depth
Water depth decreases, the tsunami slows
Tsunami's energy flux is dependent on both its wave
speed and height
It remains nearly constant
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
13/26
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
14/26
Shoreward-propagating wave energy is
dissipated through friction and turbulence
Still reach the coast with a lot of energy
Remove sand from the beaches that have taken
years to accumulate
Undermine trees and other coastal vegetation
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
15/26
Tsunami Causes
break in earth crust
Volcanoes
Subaerial and submarine landslides into bays orlakes
Earth quakes
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
16/26
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
17/26
The rotting corpses left behind by the tsunami also
helped to spread diseases to the survivors.
Crops, settlements, wildlife, properties were severelydestroyed, with power and communications disrupted,adding on to the daunting task of rescue work.
People clung on to trees for their dear life; some wererescued, but some were also swept away, right in front oftheir relatives and family members.
The emotional and mental trauma would remain in allthose affected for years, even if they had escaped awatery grave.
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
18/26
After a tsunami, the coast that it hit receeds, leaving a shallowwater area that used to be the regular beach.
Fish that come from different oceans are also pushed into thatocean, ruining that oceans food-chain
In addition, the torrential water deluging entire hectares prevent
helicopters from landing. Most of the affected villages weresituated in isolated areas and are extremely hard to get to.
Furthermore, the huge mass of water also broke sewage andwater pipes, contaminating water and food sources.
Subsequently, diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysenteryand dengue then become more rampant.
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
19/26
Sri Lanka An island nation situated in the Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka was the 2nd worst
hit by the tsunami.
However, in terms of country size, Sri Lanka was in fact hit harder by thetsunami than Indonesia because most of its coastline was hit by the deadlywaves.
Sri Lankan authorities report 30,196 confirmed deaths as of 3 January 2005after the island was hit by the tsunami.
Many of the dead were children and the elderly. The south and east coasts
were worst hit. An estimated one and a half million people have beendisplaced from their homes.
Roughly 1,200 bodies were counted at Batticaloa in the east. 800 werereported dead when the tsunami reached more than 2 kilometres (1.25miles) inland at Trincomalee to the northeast.
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
20/26
Thailand The Thai government reports 5,246 missing and
estimates that 8,000 are likely to have died.
Several popular tourist resorts such as Phuket, KhaoLak and the Phi Phi Islands were hit hard by thewaves.
The resort area of Khao Lak report 3,950 confirmeddeaths and the final count may very well exceed4,500.
Hundreds of holiday bungalows on the Phi PhiIslands were washed out to sea. Bhumi Jensen,grandson of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej,was among those killed.
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
21/26
The tourism and fishing sectors have been
adversely affected by the aftermath of thetsunami.
The beach resorts along the Andaman Sea coast
have been extensively damaged it will take manyyears for recovery.
Numerous hotels and small businesses havebeen ruined and the price for recovery will beextremely costly.
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
22/26
India In terms of the number of casualties, India was
the 3rd worst hit country partly because a largesection of its coastline was hard hit by thetsunami.
The areas that were hit included the state ofTamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala,Pondicherry and the Andaman and Nicobarislands
With a death toll of 7,793, the state of TamilNadu was no doubt the worst hit on themainland.
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
23/26
In the Nagapattinam district alone there were 5,525
casualties, with entire villages having beendestroyed.
The Kanyakumari district has had 808 deaths and
the Cuddalore district 599, the state capital Chennai206 and Kancheepuram district 124.
The casualties in Kanyakumari include pilgrimstaking a holy dip in the sea and visitors to theVivekananda Rock Memorial. People playing andtaking a Sunday morning stroll along the Marinabeach in Chennai were washed away.
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
24/26
Death TollCountrywhere
deathsoccurred
Deaths Injured Missing Displaced
Confirmed Estimated1
Indonesia 173,981 220,000 ~100,000 6,245 400,000-700,000
Sri Lanka 38,195 38,195 15,686 23,000+ 2 ~573,000
India 10,744 16,413 - 5,669 380,000
Thailand 5,305 3 11,000 8,457 4,499 -
Somalia 150+ 298 - - 5,000
Myanmar(Burma)
59 2,500 45 7,000 4 3,200
Malaysia 68 74 74 299 - -
Maldives 82 108 - 26 12,000 22,000
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
25/26
Death TollSeychelles 1 3 3 - - -
Tanzania 10 10+ - - -
Bangladesh 2 2 - - -
South Africa 2 5 2 - - -
Kenya 1 2 2 - -
Yemen 1 1 - - -
Madagascar - - - - 1,000+
Total 228,601+ ~288,608 ~125,000 ~40,000 ~1.5 million
Note: All figures are approximate and subject to change. For more details on specific countries, click the country name in the first column.1 Includes those reported under 'Deaths'. If no seperate estimates are available, the number in this column is the same as reported under 'Deaths'.2 Includes approximately 19,000 missing people declared by Tamil Tiger authorities from regions under their control3 Data includes at least 2,464 foreigners.4 This number of missing includes citizens of Myanmar who have fled into Thailand and who have been deported back to Myanmar without papers.5 Does not include South African citizens who died outside of South Africa (eg, tourists in Thailand).
-
8/14/2019 Presented by Qasim Hasan Bukai
26/26
Thank you