presented by : souleymane abdallah economic affairs officer, uneca
DESCRIPTION
Introducing the Sectoral African Gender and Development index (AGDI) on Agriculture. 20th SESSION OF THE AFRICAN COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURE STATISTICS 10-13 December 2007, Hilton Hotel, Algiers. Presented by : Souleymane Abdallah Economic Affairs Officer, UNECA. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
United Nations United Nations Economic Commission for AfricaEconomic Commission for Africa
Presented by: Souleymane Abdallah Economic Affairs Officer,
UNECA
Introducing the Sectoral Introducing the Sectoral African Gender and African Gender and Development index Development index
(AGDI) on Agriculture(AGDI) on Agriculture20th SESSION OF THE AFRICAN COMMISSION ON AGRICULTURE
STATISTICS
10-13 December 2007, Hilton Hotel, Algiers
2
Presentation’s OutlineWhat is the AGDI?
What is the GSI?GSI architectureWhy AGDI on agricultural sectorSocial blockEconomic blockPolitical blocComputation of the GSICountry example
3
What Is the What Is the AGDI?AGDI?
The African Gender and Development index is a composite index that combines both quantitative and qualitative indicators through its two parts :
The Gender Status Index (GSI) captures quantitatively measurable issues related to gender equality
The African Women’s Progress Scoreboard (AWPS) measures government policy performance regarding women’s advancement and empowerment
4
What Is the GSI?What Is the GSI?The Gender Status Index is the quantitative
part of the African Gender and Development Index;
GSI covers aspects of gender relations that can be measured and provides a quantitative assessment of gender equality;
The GSI is based on three blocks: social power ‘capabilities’, economic power ‘opportunities’ and political power ‘agency’.
5
GSI Architecture
GSI Economic Power Block
Political Power Block
Social Power Block
Education
Health
Income
Time-Use or Employment
Access to resources
Public sector
Civil Society
Enrolment
Drop out
Literacy Secondary Dropout
Primary Dropout
Management
Means of production
Ownership of plots or land
Access to credit
Freedom to dispose own income
…..
…..
…..
…..
Blocks (3)
Components (7)
Sub-Components (12)
Indicators (42)
6
Why AGDI on agricultural sector?
Women constitute the majority of the agricultural workforce
Gender statistics in the agricultural sector are critical to understanding the multidimensional aspects of feminized poverty
African economies rely heavily on agriculture
ECA repositioning AFCAS 2005 recommendation
7
Social BlockComponent Subcomponent
Education Education
Health
Child health
HIV/AIDS burden of household
Health status of agricultural workers
Social welfare Social welfare services
8
Social Block (Cont’d)Subcomponent Agriculture indicators Source of DataEducation Basic literacy National Demographic Household Surveys
Completion of primary school
Completion of secondary school
Access to tertiary agriculture education/training
Child health Rural child health status National Demographic Household Surveys
- Mortality
- Stunting National health statistics bureau
- Underweight
HIV/AIDS burden of household
Number of PLWA Ministries of Health
Health status of agricultural workers
Total man days of illness of HH Demographic & Health survey
Total man days of illness of sub holders
9
Social Block (Cont’d)Subcomponent Agriculture indicators Source of Data
Social welfare services
Types of housing: Household surveys
-Permanent
-Non-Permanent
Access to potable water by HH
Access to modern source of energy
Ownership of wealth assets (example bicycles and radios)
10
Economic BlockComponent Sub component
Gender Profile of Agricultural Households Demographic characteristics
Employment
Employment status
Division of labour
Time Use
Access & control over resources
Means of production
Access to Services
Access to water for agricultural purposes
Access to information
Income
Wages
Income from agriculture
Disposal of output
Expenditure Disposal of income
11
Economic Block (Cont’d)
Sub component Indicators Sources of Data
Demographic characteristics
Agricultural population Agricultural census and surveys
Head of Household
household dependency ratio of household
Main activity of household head
Secondary activity household head
HH with disabilities
Sub Holders with disabilities
12
Economic Block (Cont’d)
Employment
Employment status
Employer Agricultural census and/or surveysEmployee
-casual
-permanent
-seasonal
Own account
Unpaid family Worker
Division of labour Agricultural-related Agricultural census and/or surveys -On farm tasks
-Post harvest tasks
Non-agricultural –related Agricultural census and/or surveys
Time spent on productive activities Time-Use surveys
-agricultural
Time Use - non-agricultural
Time spent on reproductive activities (domestic, care, and community activities)
Time-Use surveys
Time spent on leisure
13
Economic Block (Cont’d)
Access & control
over resources
Means of production
Average area of land owned Agricultural census and/or surveysSecurity of tenure (ownership and user rights)
Livestock owned (number by type_ Agricultural census and/or surveysOwnership of productive assets (example, animals and
tools)
Access to Services
Beneficiaries of agricultural credits Ministry of Finance, Central BanksVolume of credit
Access to extension services Agricultural census and/or surveysAccess to agricultural training
Sex of extension service provider
Access to water for agricultural purposes
Access to water or irrigation Ministry of Agriculture / Civil ServiceDistance to water sources
Access to information Access to market information
Chamber of Agriculture
14
Economic Block (Cont’d)
Income
Wages
Average Wages for agricultural production Agricultural census and/or surveys
Average Wage for agro-processing Agricultural census and/or surveys
Income from agriculture
Value of agricultural outputs Agricultural census and/or surveys
Income from agro processing
Income from land leasing Agricultural census and/or surveys
Disposal of output
Sale of agricultural output Agricultural census and/or surveys
Consumption of agricultural output Agricultural census and/or surveys
Expenditure Disposal of income
Agricultural related expenditures Household data
Expenditure on household welfare
Food-related expenditure
15
Political BlockComponent Subcomponent
Access to decision making Household
Public sector
Participation Civil society
Private sector
16
Political Block (Cont’d)Component Sub-
component Indicators Source of Data
Access toDecision making
Household Membership of farmers organisations of HH Agricultural surveys
Membership of farmers organisations of sub holders
Decision making in production activities of HH
Decision making on returns (utilization of output or income) of HH
Public sector Representation in Agricultural decision making:
-Directors
-Committees of Parliament Records of Stateand local BudgetOffices
-Judiciary
Representation in Budget Committees:
-Agricultural Institutions
-Finance Departments
Representation in management of Agricultural institutions (Class A programme managers)
17
Political Block (Cont’d)Component Sub-
component Source of Data
Participation Civil society Managers of farmers associations Records of active local CSOs
Managers of agriculture related NGOS Records of Trade associations
Managers of Community Development Associations. Register of agribusinesses
Managers of agricultural Co-operative societies Register of farmer cooperatives
Private sector Managers of agribusiness organisations
Managers of private financial institutions
Managers of agriculture input services
18
Computation of the GSIGuiding principles:Each basic indicator has the same
weight in each sub-component;Each sub-component has the
same weight in each component;Each component of the GSI has
the same weight in each block;Finally, each block has the same
weight in the GSI.
19
Computation of the GSI (Cont’d)
For each variable, the indicator of gender equality is calculated the same way:Comparison (ratio) of female achievement to male achievement. The closer the indicator is to 1, the better the performance on gender equality is in the country:
Example: Primary enrolment rate for girls: 65%
Primary enrolment rate for boys: 80%Enrolment rate indicator: 65/80 = 0.8125
20
Computation of the GSI (Cont’d)
The value for each sub-component, component and block is calculated as the simple arithmetic mean of respectively the indicators, sub-components and components.
The GSI is then compiled as the mean of the three blocks to give the overall gender profile of the country.
21
Computation of the GSI (Cont’d)
Exceptions (Reverse indicators): Some indicators do not follow the rule:
These are reverse indicators such as stunting, underweight, mortality and time-use (domestic, care and volunteer activities): Here we measure male achievement versus female achievement.
If an indicator is missing, the other indicators of the sub-component are re-weighted, to take account of the actual number of available indicators.
22
Country Example
Block Component Sub-component Indicator
Data
Women Men Indicator
Social power
‘Capabilities’
Education
Enrolment
Primary enrolment rate 49.7 50.3 0.988
Secondary enrolment rate 46.2 53.8 0.858
Tertiary enrolment rate 27 73 0.370
DropoutPrimary dropout ratio 29.9 23.1 0.773
Secondary dropout ratio 15.9 19.9 1.252
LiteracyAbility to read and write 45.7 54.3 0.842
Primary school completed 46.9 53.1 0.883
Health
Child health
Stunting under 3 27.0% 32.8% 1.215
Underweight under 3 21.6% 22.6% 1.046
Mortality under 5 108 per 1000
111 per 1000 1.028
Life expectancy at birth 59.8 57.9 1.033
New HIV infection 6,223 4,253 0.683
Time spent out of work - - -
Economic power‘Opportunities’
Income
Wages
Wages in agriculture 64,008 100,464 0.637
Wages in civil service 191,234 352,596 0.542
Wages in formal sector 148,052 236,526 0.626
Wages in informal sector 130,049 157,883 0.824
Income
Income from informal enterprise 274,429 169,491 0.618
Income from small agricultural household enterprise 95,937 164,658 0.583
Income from remittances and inter-household transfers 381,512 136,388 2.797
Time-use or employment
Time-use
Time spent in market economic activities (as paid employee, own-account or
employer)
35.8 hrs per week
41.0 hrs per week
0.873 (hours per week)
Time spent in non market economic activities or as unpaid family worker in
market economic activities
30.5 hours per week
38.9 hrs per week
0.784 hours per week
Time spent in domestic, care and volunteer activities
49.0 hours per week
29.26 hours per week
0.597hours per week
EmploymentOr: Share of paid employees, own-
account workers and employers in total employment
4,483,021 4,556,297 0.984
Access to resources
Means of production
Ownership of rural/urban plots/houses or land 6,155,624 5,978,277 1.030
Access to credit 23,688 49,978 0.474
Freedom to dispose of own income 73% 100 0.730
Management
Employers 3,809,892 3,900,465 0.977
High civil servants (class A) 44 400 0.110
Members of professional syndicates 985 7714 0.128
Administrative, scientific and technical 275,491 424,038 0.650
Political power
‘Agency’
Public sector_____________
Civil society
Members of parliament 18 102 0.176
Cabinet ministers 2 19 0.105
Higher courts judges 18 87 0.207
Members of local councils
996 5429
0.184
Higher positions in civil service (including government institutions,
regional governors and ambassadors)140 951 0.147
Senior position
s in
Political parties 8 60 0.133
Trade unions 25 180 0.139
Employers’ associations 11 42 0.262
Professional syndicates 5 33 0.152
Heads or managers of NGOs 147 444 0.331
Heads of community-based associations or unions 147 444 0.331
23
THANK YOU FOR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!YOUR ATTENTION!
www.uneca.org