Presented by: Soumya S. Dey, P.E., PMP, Director of Research and Technology Transfer

September 18, 2015

First International Conference on Surface Transportation System Resilience to

Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events

Harvey Alexander, Manager ITS Systems Maintenance, DDOT

Michael Keatley, General Manager, MC Dean Benito Perez, Parking Specialist, DDOT Rahul Jain, Transportation Engineer, DDOT

Background Data-based view of signal disruptions DDOT strategies for enhanced reliability &

resiliency Conclusions

68.3 square miles DC metropolitan area Population 5.6 million 7th largest metro

DC population 650,000 500,000 daily commuters 125,000+ daily visitors

Multimodal travel

DDOT’s transportation assets valued at $45 Billon

Transportation Assets 4,400 lane-miles of

roadway Less than 1 % freeways

241 bridges/tunnels 1,600 miles of sidewalk 453 miles of alley 1,600 traffic signals 271 miles of twisted pair

communication backbone 70,000 streetlights 16,000 parking meters 150 CCTV cameras 144,000 trees

US

Large Cities DC

Goal Sample Initiatives Efficiency • Signal Timing Optimization

• Adaptive Control • Transit Priority • ITS Master Plan

Reliability • Power Line Undergrounding (PLUG) • Rapid Response

• Performance based contract • Enhanced business processes & stakeholder

coordination

Resiliency • Emergency Back-Up Generators for Traffic Signals • Uninterruptable Power Supply for Traffic Signals

Scope of this presentation

CAUSES OF SIGNAL DISRUPTIONS

DURATION OF OUTAGES

45%

5%

25%

19%

4% 1% 1%

Signals in Flash Power Outage

Twisted Signals LED replacement

Signal head replacement Pole replacement

Cabinet Replacement

7.6%

86.7%

0.3% 0.2% 0.1%

1.0% 4.2%

Signal in flash Power Outage

Twisted Signal LED Replacement

Signal head replacement Pole Replacement

Cabinet replacement

Power outages account for a small percentage of the disruptions but have a large impact

Friday the 13th outage (7:30 AM to 10:15 AM) affecting 30 signals, 6 Metro Stations, 5000 customers including the White House

Thousands Without Power in Downtown D.C. May 30, 2013 4:47 PM

……..that number was at more than 5,500. Several traffic lights along Rhode Island Avenue from Logan Circle to North Capitol Street also were without power …..

Tuesday, October 30, 2012 Mayor Gray Outlines Hurricane Sandy Recovery for the District

Source: A Review of Power Outages and Restoration Following the June 2012 Derecho

OUTAGE HISTORY

OUTAGE DISTRIBUTION

0

1200

2400

3600

4800

6000

7200

8400

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Hour

s of P

ower

Rel

ated

S

igna

l Out

age

# of

Pow

er R

elat

ed

Sig

nal O

utag

es

Year

Hours of Power Related Signal Outages

Number of Power Related Signal Outage

• 380 outages per year • 3,845 hours of outage/year (0.001%) • 67% of 2012 outages were due to the Derecho

• 10% of outages are less than 1 hour • 50% of the outages are less than 6 hours • 75% of the outages are less than 12 hours

<1 hr 10%

1-3 hrs 21%

3-6 hrs 24%

6 -12 hrs 22%

12-24 hrs 12%

>24 hrs 11%

Prevent, Mitigate, Rapid Respond

Multi-year undergrounding program Focused on the top 60 high-voltage distribution lines. Cost ~$1 billion. $500M Pepco debt and equity $125M DDOT Capital Improvement funding $375M securitized bonds

Rate impact Residential customers, $1.50 per month and increase to a

maximum of $3.25 after seven years (3.23% increase in electric rates).

Commercial customers, 5% and 9.25% based on service class

Source: http://oca.dc.gov/node/539572

Reduce the frequency and duration of outages caused by the overhead lines by 95% on improved feeders.

Improve infrastructure while stimulating economic growth through job creation and career development ( ~950 jobs/year).

The health, safety and welfare benefits.

Procured through a $1.6M DHS grant in 2005 200 generators @ $6000 each Initially designed for signals on

evacuation routes DDOT cabinet specifications

calls for all future cabinet installations to be outfitted with the DDOT standard generator interface.

SOP for maintenance, deployment Needs to be exercised

periodically Response time typically 1 hour

0

1200

2400

3600

4800

6000

7200

8400

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Hour

s

Year

Signal Outage Time & Generator Run Time

Hours of Power Outage Generator Run Time

0

100

200

300

400

500

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013N

umbe

r (O

utag

es/D

eplo

ymen

ts)

Year

Generator Deployment and Number of Outages

Generator Deployment Outages

Between 2008 and 2013, DDOT has deployed the generators 884 times with a total run time of over 10,000 hours

Initially procured through ARRA funds

Unit cost $5200 Spent since 2011 $2.1M Current coverage 350

intersections Minimum run time – 6

hours 5 year warranty

UPS was utilized 940 times in 2013 with an estimated run time of 3,310 hours1.

At 135 intersections with UPS 205 outages (2008-2012) at these locations before

UPS installation 25 outages since 2013 after UPS installation2.

1Based on data collected from a random sample of 135 UPS (45% of total installed base) 2The 25 instances were when the UPS malfunctioned or batteries ran out before power was restored.

UPS USAGE STATISTICS UPS USAGE DISTRIBUTION

UPS usage is being pre-dominantly triggered by brown outs or lack of clean electricity. Without an UPS, the signals would have gone into a flash mode.

Internal Real-time signal status interface is monitored

24X7 by TMC Operators and Contractor staff Performance based contracting Better utilization of automated work order

system and incident management system to track signal outages

Better information aggregation – social media, traditional media, police CAD

Robust preventive maintenance program

External Multi-disciplinary SOP between DC agencies

(transportation, unified communications, technology, emergency management, police, Fire/EMS, and public works), regional partners & utility companies.

Professional relationships developed help coordinate on day-to-day operations.

• Monitor QuicNet 24X7 • Use other information sources

for situational awareness • Follow other channels –

media, social media

• Performance based contract • Shifting tour of duties to

ensure AM & PM coverage • Utilization of work order

system

• Enhanced standard operating procedures

• Having generators/temporary stop signs pre-reloaded in truck

Reduce this time

Generators Uninterruptible Power Supply Comments

Costs

Capital Cost $8,000/unit $13,000/unit

Operating Cost • Storage/warehousing • Preventive maintenance • Deployment • Refueling (if necessary) • Retrieval

• Spare batteries • Periodic battery check • Battery swap out (if necessary)

Benefits

Savings in personnel cost

$830,000 over six years (2008-2013) $37,000 in 2014 Assumes 2 TCOs or one police would each cover half of the outages

Savings in user cost $28 million over six years $1.4 million in 2014 Sketch planning level estimate

Intangible benefits • Personnel safety • Public safety • Reduced vehicular emissions • Lower fuel consumption

RESULTS

Since 2008, generators have powered traffic signals for more than 10,000 hours or 43% of the time that signals were dark due to power outages.

In calendar year 2013 alone, UPS powered signals for over 3,300 hours.

The response times to signal outages are trending downwards.

BENEFITS

Reduction in motorists’ confusion, enhance safety and operations and have positive environmental impacts

User cost savings of ~$30M in 6 years

Better utilization of city resources - traffic control officers (TCO) and police officers

Labor cost savings to District ~$0.85 M in 6 years

Choose a solution based on analysis Expand coverage programmatically – include

costs into capital budget for signal modification/ construction

Budget for maintenance – make sure to budget for maintenance of the equipment

Reduce response time by fine tuning deployment strategy

Form alliances with non-DOT stakeholders for better coordination and response

Soumya Dey, P.E., PMP Director of Research & Technology Transfer

District Department of Transportation soumya.dey@dc.gov