presented to: by: date: federal aviation administration flight test safety workshop flight test...
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Presented to:
By:
Date:
Federal AviationAdministrationFLIGHT TEST SAFETY
WORKSHOP
Flight Test Safety Workshop
Jim Richmond Aircraft Certification ServiceFlight Program Manager
November 11, 2009
FAA Approval ofHighly Integrated Avionics Systems
April 30, 2009 2Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
The Concern• There are few specific rules or guidance for
flight test of avionics systems • While integrated cockpits improve situational
awareness and safety, flight test must ensure pilots can effectively cope with new avionics in all situations
• Flight test knowledge of system architecture is essential in evaluating integrated avionics systems
April 30, 2009 10Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Sources of FAA Policy for Avionics
• FAA Advisory material • RTCA Documents
– DO-178B
• SAE Documents– ARP-4754– Policy Conflicts -- ARP takes precedence for
software level determination
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Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Significant changes in Avionics
Three areas of change–Satellite based navigation
–System integration
–Pathway presentation
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12
Status of Global Navigation Satellite Systems
• Global Constellations– GPS (24+) [31]– GLONASS (30) [20]– Galileo (27) [2+]– Compass (35) [2]
• Satellite-Based Augmentations– WAAS (3)– MSAS (2)– EGNOS (3)– GAGAN (3)– SDCM (2)
Satellite Based Navigation
April 30, 2009 13Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Current State of GPS Approaches
• WAAS performance standard released October 31, 2008
• FAA has now published over 1,600 LPV approach procedures based on WAAS
• More WAAS-supported LPV approaches than Cat I ILS approaches
• WAAS-capable GPS receivers are specified in FAA Technical Standard Orders 145 & 146
April 30, 2009 14Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Typical GPS System Architecture
GNSSRECEIVER
FMS
CDU
AFCS
PATH DISPLAY
ANNUNCIATIONS
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MON TRIP PT 1 DOT ANGULAR
DEVIATION
Displayed 1 Dot Linear Deviation (Apx - .1 RNP)
LPV & LNAV/VNAVApproach Architecture
Linear DeviationLinear Deviation
Angular Angular DeviationDeviation
April 30, 2009 16Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Systems Integration
–Flat panels doing everything
Attitude Nav/ComAirspeed Clock Altimeter Engine gagesHeading TemperatureFuel Other
April 30, 2009 18Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Integrated Avionics Suppliers
Partial listAspen Avidyne BeckerBlue Mountain Chelton DynonGarmin Honeywell Insight InstrumentsIS&S L-3 LowranceNARCO OP Tech PanasonicRockwell Collins Sagem SandelShadin Tru Trak Universal
Aspen
Avidyne
Avio NG
Garmin G1000
Honeywell APEX
L-3 Smartdeck
Rockwell Collins
Universal
Bendix-King
Sandel
Sagem
Dynon
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Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Pathway Presentation
• LNAV/VNAV & WAAS based LPV Approaches– Transparent pathway
• Highway In The Sky (HITS)– Perception that this is new technology– Reality is that HITS is essentially a 3 dimensional
flight director– Appropriate flight path guidance required
• Model is usually HUD based • Flight path vector symbol
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Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Current Areas of Concern
• WAAS LPV Approaches– Misleading Approach Guidance during a WAAS
LPV Approach is classified as Hazardous– Use of FMS for WAAS LPV approaches
• Envelope Protection – Implementation – Human Factors elements
• New Avionics Suites– Display compression– What information to display– Implementation of Highway In The Sky (HITS)
April 30, 2009 36Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
To be remembered• There are few specific rules or guidance for
flight test of avionics systems • Integrated cockpits can improve situational
awareness and improve safety but flight test must ensure the pilot can effectively cope with the new avionics in all situations
• Knowledge of system architecture is essential in evaluating integrated avionics systems
Presented to:
By:
Date:
Federal AviationAdministrationFLIGHT TEST SAFETY
WORKSHOP
Flight Test Safety Workshop
Jim Richmond Aircraft Certification ServiceFlight Program Manager
November 11, 2009
FAA Approval ofHighly Integrated Avionics Systems
April 30, 2009 38Federal AviationAdministration
Aircraft Certification ServiceNovember 12, 2009
Definitions• Hazardous
– Failure conditions that would reduce the capability of the airplane or the ability of the crew to cope with adverse operating conditions to the extent that there would be the following:a) A large reduction in safety margins or functional
capabilities;
b) Physical distress or higher workload such that the flight crew cannot be relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or completely; or
c) Serious or fatal injury to an occupant other than the flight crew.