presented to: by: date: federal aviation administration single pilot resource management (srm) and...

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationSingle Pilot Resource

Management (SRM) And The CFI

Applying SRM within the Practical Test

Standards

CFI Open Forum

FAASTeam

June 27, 2013

CFI Open Forum, SRM2Federal Aviation

AdministrationJune 20, 2013

OBJECTIVE

• Using the Private, Commercial, and Instrument Practical Test Standards as Reference, we will present Single Pilot Resource Management for Certificated Flight Instructors to assist them in understanding the subject and incorporating it in their lesson plans. This presentation is intended to be interactive and your questions and comments are welcome.



What is Single Pilot Resource Management (SRM)?

• SRM is defined as the art and science of managing all resources (both onboard the aircraft and from outside sources) available to a single pilot (prior to and during flight) to ensure the successful outcome of the flight. (FAA-S-8081-14B Private Pilot PTS)



SRM

SRM is about helping pilots to gather information and make decisions. It includes:•Aeronautical Decision Making•Risk Management•Task Management•Situational Awareness•CFIT Awareness•Automation Management



Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

• Use a sound decision making process (DECIDE, 3P)

• Recognize and Explain Hazardous Attitudes• Decide and Execute an Appropriate Course

of Action• Explain the Elements of Risk Management

to include: CFIT Awareness, Situational Awareness, Automation and Task Management



Risk Management

• Utilize Risk Management Tools to assess potential risk during both preflight and actual flight.

• Tools: PAVE, IMSAFE, Weather Reports and Forecasts, 5P Model

• How to Recognize and Mitigate Risks throughout the flight



Task Management

• Prioritize various tasks associated with planning and executing of the flight.

• Complete tasks in a timely manner• Avoid distractions• Do not increase workload at critical times

during flight.



Situational Awareness

The accurate perception and understanding of all factors and conditions within the 4 fundamental risk elements that affect safety before, during, and after flight.

The 4 Risk Elements: •Pilot•Aircraft•Environment•External Factors



CFIT Awareness

• Accurate assessment of risks associated with terrain and obstacles

• Flight plan to avoid hazardous terrain and obstacles

• Be prepared for hazards in diversions• Use current charts• Knowledge of TAWS and GPWS if installed• Be aware of aircraft performance issues



Automation Management

• Must make effective use of automation features installed on the aircraft

• Autopilots and flight management systems• Knowledge of Mode and Status• Use in reducing pilot workload including

normal and emergency situations• Recognition of unanticipated modes and

return to correct mode



P.A.V.E.

• Pilot• Aircraft• enVironment• External Pressures

These are the 4 categories of flight where hazards and risk are found.



IMSAFE

• Illness• Medication• Stress• Alcohol• Fatigue• Eating



3p

This is the process used in aeronautical decision making:

•Perceive•Process•Perform



5P

• Plan• Plane• Pilot• Passengers• Programming



D.E.C.I.D.E.

• Detect• Estimate• Choose• Identify• Do• Evaluate



Hazardous Attitudes

• Anti Authority – Don’t tell me• Impulsivity – Do something quickly• Invulnerability – It won’t happen to me• Macho – I can do it• Resignation – What’s the use?



Antidotes for Hazardous Attitudes

• Anti Authority – Follow the rules they are usually right.

• Impulsivity – Not so fast. Think First.• Invulnerability – It could happen to me.• Macho – Taking chances is foolish.• Resignation – I’m not helpless, I can make a

difference.



Scenarios

• The Private, Commercial, and Instrument PTS now require the DPE to use “scenarios” to evaluate an applicant’s judgment and aeronautical decision making.

• A scenario gives the examiner an opportunity to test an applicant’s ability to “correlate” as opposed to demonstrating rote knowledge.



Scenario Based Training (SBT)

• A training method that uses a highly structured script of real world experiences to address aviation training objectives in an operational environment.

• (Aviation Instructor’s Handbook FAA-8083-9A, Chapter 6 Planning Instructional Activity)



What is a Scenario?

• A script that will prompt a student to analyze conditions, make decisions, and take actions.

• Developed by the CFI who’s role is to supervise and evaluate the outcome.

• The student should be allowed to “execute” it on his/her own.

• The outcome should be evaluated by both student and CFI



Group Discussion

• DPE Examples of Scenarios used during Practical Tests

• Questions



Group Discussion

• CFI examples of Scenarios used in training• When do you start introducing them?• Flight Scenarios• Non flight Scenarios• How do we conduct scenario based training

and not neglect the basics of airmanship and other important flight skills?

• Will this add time and expense to flight training?



Grading Scenario Performance

• How is this graded on a Practical Test?• Discuss Pass Fail Criteria• The Examiner’s role during a test scenario• Completion of other PTS tasks during the

scenario• Ensuring the student/applicant is prepared



Other PTS Considerations

• Ensure you are using the most current PTS• Ensure the student/applicant is familiar with

the PTS• Know the Instructor Responsibilities• Know the Special Emphasis Areas• Review the Introduction



Additional CFI Activity

• This subject is targeted towards the PTS and new pilots. It can also help experienced pilots.

• CFIs should utilize SRM during flight reviews, Wings Program activity, and aircraft check outs.

• CFIs should encourage pilots who have lost currency to fly with instructors in between required reviews.



Conclusion

• The proper training of Single Pilot Resource Management knowledge and skills will result in a significant improvement in general aviation safety.

• CFIs and DPEs are the key to successful implementation of this program.

• Thank you all for your participation in our FAASTeam CFI Open Forum Program today.

presented to: by: date: federal aviation administration single pilot resource management (srm) and...

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