presented to: mpar symposium by: william benner, aviation weather group, operations planning date:...
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Presented to: MPAR Symposium
By: William Benner, Aviation Weather Group, Operations Planning
Date: 12 October 2007
Federal AviationAdministrationMulti-function Phased
Array Radar (MPAR)
Technology Research and Development
Multi Function Phased Array Radar2Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
DILBERT
Multi Function Phased Array Radar3Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
5000 ft AGL, Blue, weather only
334 Radars, 1 Type
MPAR Concept and ApproachToday
Future Concept
510 Radars, 8 Types
Mechanically Rotating
Single System
Multi-Mission
Scalable to Mission Needs
Consolidated Maintenance,Logistic and Training Prgms
Electronically Steered
Multiple Maintenance, Logistic and Training Prgms
Non-Scalable
Single Mission
Eight System Types
MPARMPAR
ARSR-4ARSR-4ARSR-3ARSR-3 NEXRADNEXRADTDWRTDWRASR-11ASR-11ASR-8ASR-8 ASR-9ASR-9 ARSR-1/2ARSR-1/2
Multi Function Phased Array Radar4Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
FAA Enterprise Architecture Surveillance and Weather Roadmaps
2011 - Decision Point (77) initial acquisition review decision for NextGen primary radar system including Wx and Aircraft surveillance requirements
2014 - Decision Point (104) to replace legacy terminal radars (ASR-8, ASR-9) with NextGen primary radar system including Wx and Aircraft surveillance requirements
2018 - Decision Point (91) to replace Wind Shear systems, and NEXRAD with NextGen primary radar system
2020 - Initial Operational Capability for NextGen primary radar system including Wx and Aircraft surveillance requirements
2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 20132010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
77 104 91 New Primary Radar (Replaces ASR)
NextGen Wx Radar Capability
Multi Function Phased Array Radar5Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
MPAR Cost Evolution
Concept of Operations (CONOPS)
Concept of Operations (CONOPS)
Operational Requirements (User Needs)
Operational Requirements (User Needs)
Performance Requirements
(Characteristics)
Performance Requirements
(Characteristics)
Drives
Drives
Radar System Architecture &
Design
Radar System Architecture &
DesignDrives
MPAR Cost
Drives
Scale
Multi Function Phased Array Radar6Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
MPAR Requirements• Assertions
– Operational Requirements associated to MPAR can not be fully developed without a Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for Radar
– Mission Gaps can not be sufficiently identified without operational requirements
– Operational Requirements will drive Architecture/Design which will drive Cost
– The MPAR-WG must avoid the pitfall of a bottom-up approach• starting with technical requirements for existing radar will lead to
ill-formed requirements for MPAR• Require a fundamental change in requirements thinking
– e.g., 4.8 sec track update not a requirement– What does the user need?
Multi Function Phased Array Radar7Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
MPAR Cost Reduction
• What can we do to affect cost?– Scan Strategy Study
• What are the resources needed to accomplish what must be surveilled?
• How often does it need to be surveilled?• Can we do it cheaper (simplified beamformer network)?
– Beamwidth Study• Increasing beamwidth decreases the number of T/R Modules
decreasing cost• What is acceptable to the weather community?
– Technology Investigation• Semi-conductor materials• Commercial Parts
Multi Function Phased Array Radar8Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
MPAR Cost Influences
• Several influences to radar system cost– T/R Technology
• Maturity• Economy of Scale• Commercial Packaging
– User Operational Requirements– Scan Strategies – Beam Characteristics– Desired Performance
Multi Function Phased Array Radar9Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
R&D Risk Reduction Efforts• Established/implemented MPAR pre-prototype technology
demonstration program– Exploring low-cost commercial technology (e.g., semiconductor materials,
fabrication, etc.)– Evaluating multifunction system concept– Developing advanced active array architecture (digital beamformer, overlapped
sub-arrays)– Researching advanced surveillance techniques
• Completed initial radar system concept definition (e.g., radar coverage analysis, scaled gap-filler concept)
• Identifying major cost issues and investigating mitigation strategies
• Developing MPAR Concept of Operations
Advanced MMIC Design
Digital backplane
Low-loss microwaveinterconnect cables
Antennae (4x4 at 5 cm spacing)
Electronics cards TR-modules Analog beamformer Downconverters and A/D Power supplies, fans, etc.
Multi Function Phased Array Radar10Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
R&D Risk Reduction (cont’d)• Conducted engineering studies
– Evaluation of MPAR Benefits for FAA Weather Services (in progress)
– Evaluation of MPAR Benefits for FAA BU Surveillance Services (in progress)
– Radar Resource Utilization (weather vs. aircraft)– MPAR Cost Estimate &
Technology Assessment (and Cost Model)
– Pulse Compression Study
Multi Function Phased Array Radar11Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
Pathway for Future Risk Reduction
• Continue researching technology:– Affordability– Capability– Performance
• Continue to establish partnerships with other Government Agencies, Industry and Academia
• Develop MPAR Prototype to execute research tasks necessary to meet R&D objectives
Multi Function Phased Array Radar12Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
BACK-UP SLIDES
Multi Function Phased Array Radar13Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
En
Ro
ute
Ter
min
alS
urf
ace
2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 20132010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
100 X
X
X
Test M/LAT for PRM
102
102
96102
105
105
100
103
36 PRM-A
76
Test System in Colorado
RWSL101
78
78
WM/LAT
ATCBI-6
LRR
ATCBI-4/5
MODE S
ASR-9
ATCBI-4
ASR-8
ASR-11
ASR-7
ASDE-X
ASDE-3
MODE S
SBS
PRM E-SCAN
Surveillance Roadmap
X
X
ATCBI-5
X
X
X
Add M/LAT to ASDE-3 sites
New Beacon (Replaces Mode S)
New Beacon (Replaces Mode S)
New Primary Radar(Replaces ASR-8/9/11)
76
10299
X
X
95 X
LCGS
SBS (segmt. 1) SBS (segmt. 2)
7 10228 16652
178 180179
10497 102
98 102 10477
77
Multi Function Phased Array Radar14Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
No
n F
AA
Sen
sors
2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 20132010 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
PIREPS
85AWOS/ASOS
/AWSS
FA
A S
enso
rs
TDWR
LLWAS-RS/NE 37
WSP TR1
TDWR SLEP 1
NEXRAD Product Improvement
ASR-9/11WX Channel
NEXRAD
ASR-WSP
TR
77
91
91
26
26SAWS
72
F-420
DASI
WSP TR2
25
NLDN
77
9 60
62
63
141
141
SLEP/Replace
SLEP/Replace
TDWR SLEP 2
TDWR SLEP 3
145
NextGen RWI Solution Set
49
Evaluate lower troposphere aircraft Wx Obs
NextGen RWI Solution Set
Auto PIREP Entry ERAM 43
Weather Roadmap (1 of 2)
104
104
10
WSP TR384
NextGen Wx Radar Capability
Multi Function Phased Array Radar15Federal Aviation
AdministrationOctober 2007
Sample Cases
Numbers Of Array Faces Transmitting Simultaneously
1 2 4 4 4 4
Numbers of Simultaneous Radar Beams per Array Face
1 1 1 2 4 4
Horizon Search Scan Time 3 sec. 3 sec. 2 sec. 1.5 1.5 sec. 1 sec.
Volume Search Scan Time 35 sec. 35 sec. 25 sec. 15 15 sec. 15 sec.
Air Tracks @ .5Hz Track rate 300 300 300 300 300 500
Air Tracks @1Hz Track rate 300 300 300 300 300 500
Track Starts per Second 10 10 10 10 20 20
Clutter tracks 100 100 100 100 100 100
Total % Time for search and track 100% 50% 28% 29% 32% 43%
Weather Scan Standard Update Rate - 180 sec. 120 sec. 60 sec. 60 sec. 60 sec.
Weather Scan Fast Update Rate - - 20 sec. 20 sec. 20 sec. 20 sec.
Weather Scan Fast Update Search Sector Size
- - 80° Azimuth18° Elevation
90° Azimuth18° Elevation
90° Azimuth18° Elevation
180° Azimuth18° Elevation
Total % Time for Wx Scan 0% 50% 72% 53% 27% 34 %
Total Radar Time % 100% 100% 100 % 82% 59% 72 %