presenter name presenter institution acrl scholarly communication 101: starting with the basics
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Economics. Presenter Name Presenter Institution ACRL Scholarly Communication 101: Starting with the Basics. Macroeconomics of the SC system. Pure and applied research communities Grants and funding agencies Universities and research centers Marketplace where info is sold/licensed - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Presenter NamePresenter NamePresenter InstitutionPresenter Institution
ACRL Scholarly Communication 101: ACRL Scholarly Communication 101: Starting with the BasicsStarting with the Basics
EconomicsEconomics
Pure and applied research communitiesGrants and funding agenciesUniversities and research centersMarketplace where info is sold/licensedLegal systems Public advocacy movementsGlobal information network
Macroeconomics of the SC system
peer-reviewed articles per yearpeer-reviewed articles per year
peer-reviewed journalspeer-reviewed journals
scholarly publishers (est.)scholarly publishers (est.)
societies & other non-
profits
university presses
commercial publishers
Journal publisher size guideJournal publisher size guide
Petite (5 or fewer) 54%Small (6-10) 11%Medium (11-25) 16%Large (26-50) 8%X-Large (51-100) 4%XX-Large (100+) 7%
Scholarly publishing practice: academic journal publishers’ policies and practices in online publishing, 3rd survey, ALPSP, 2008
revenue in 2006revenue in 2006revenue in 2006revenue in 2006
STM sector
Dat
a f
rom
Out
sell’
s 2
006
ST
M m
ark
et
repo
rtD
ata
fro
m O
utse
ll’s
200
6 S
TM
ma
rke
t re
port
Data from Outsell’s 2006 STM market reportData from Outsell’s 2006 STM market report
Else
vier
Kluw
er H
ealth
Sprin
ger
Amer
Che
m S
oc
John
Wile
y
Blac
kwel
l
mer
ged
with
Wile
y 20
07
othe
r 1,1
95 p
ublis
hers
Dysfunction rooted in
problematic economic model
Steelmakers Auto manufacturers Consumers
Steel
$$$$
Cars
$$$$
normal economynormal economy
Author Library
JournalArticle
Publisher$$$$
gift economygift economy
P&TGrantsReputationPrestige
Publisher
IP
wholesale transfer of rightswholesale transfer of rights
creates scarcity/monopolycreates scarcity/monopoly
drives prices updrives prices up(inelastic market)(inelastic market)
Average serial Average serial price up 227%price up 227%Average serial Average serial price up 227%price up 227%
Average book Average book price up 65%price up 65%Average book Average book price up 65%price up 65%
CPI up 57%CPI up 57%CPI up 57%CPI up 57%
The result:
Libraries challenge Libraries challenge pricing power pricing power
Libraries challenge Libraries challenge pricing power pricing power
Publishers try to Publishers try to sustain revenue flow sustain revenue flow
Tying print to onlineTying print to onlineBundling journalsBundling journalsRequiring multi-yr contractsRequiring multi-yr contractsBuying other publishersBuying other publishersRaising pricesRaising prices
Subsidizing journal start-ups Subsidizing journal start-ups Canceling journalsCanceling journals
Cutting book purchasesCutting book purchasesForming consortiaForming consortiaFighting mergersFighting mergers
Roger Clarke, The cost profiles of alternative approaches to journal publishing, First Monday, 3 December 2007
Roger Clarke, The cost profiles of alternative approaches to journal publishing, First Monday, 3 December 2007
cost to produce one journal articlecost to produce one journal article
Average journal article
XYZ Commercial Publisher
Amsterdam, London, New York
My Facuty, PhD
Average journal article
ABC Not-for- Profit Publisher
My Facuty, PhD
9% $
91%dollars
62%citations
38%citations
Economics of quality?Economics of quality?
From Outsell’s Open Access Primer (Public Version), December 2009
U.S. Library Spending, R&D Spending, and Journals 1995-2007
External Economic Pressures on Journals Market
Scholarly communications reform
includes efforts to establish balanced,
sustainable economic models
AuthorFree to all readers
JournalArticlePublisher
Open AccessOpen Access
• Grant/Research Foundation funding
• Subsidy: Author/Institution/Library pays
• Subscription to non-research content
• Advertising
Article
(full)(full)(hybrid)(hybrid)
Outsell estimates of OA as of April 2009:Outsell estimates of OA as of April 2009:
• OA articles 9.8% of articles
• 3.1% of market
• Growing 11.3% per year
Competitive economic modelsCompetitive economic models
• Open Journals System
• Scholarly Exchange
• Open Humanities Press
LibraryHEP
JournalsPublisher
SCOAP3 transition modelSCOAP3 transition model
$$
SCOAP3 Governing
Board manages bidding process and pricing with
publishers
$$
Free to all readers
Authors
A crisis is a terrible thing to waste
three things to think about
Long-term solution may include shifting of library funds from collecting to producing or subsidizing
scholarly content
Outsell, a market intelligence service, says
“access-based models will not last.” Content is no longer king in the STM information business.
Lee C. Van OrsdelLee C. Van OrsdelGrand Valley State UniversityGrand Valley State University
Questions?Questions?Comments?Comments?
This work was created by Lee Van Orsdel for the ACRL National Conference, Scholarly Communications 101 Workshop and last
updated October 14, 2010.
Acknowledgement:Slide 21 was revised by Kimberly Douglas (Caltech) and included in the
Oct. 14, 2010 version.
It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/