President George HW Bush (1988-President George HW Bush (1988-1992)1992)

Presided over Presided over collapse of collapse of Soviet Union:Soviet Union:

decreased threat decreased threat of nuclear warof nuclear war

U.S. seen as the U.S. seen as the main superpowermain superpower

Violence in Violence in BalkansBalkans

Pres. Bush and Yeltsin

Fighting Apartheid in South Fighting Apartheid in South AfricaAfrica

What was Apartheid?What was Apartheid? Rigid system of Rigid system of

segregationsegregation Global movement for Global movement for

Divestment in 1980sDivestment in 1980s Divestment – withdrawing Divestment – withdrawing

all investmentsall investments Congress imposed Congress imposed

sanctions, but stopped sanctions, but stopped short of full divestmentshort of full divestment

President Bush met with President Bush met with Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela

Sun City Video

Operation Just CauseOperation Just Cause Invasion of Panama by U.S. to oust Noriega (Dec. Invasion of Panama by U.S. to oust Noriega (Dec.

20, 1989 – Jan. 3, 1990)20, 1989 – Jan. 3, 1990) Manuel Noriega on CIA payroll (1959-80s)Manuel Noriega on CIA payroll (1959-80s) Bush Director of CIA in 1970sBush Director of CIA in 1970s Noriega working with AND against drug cartels in Noriega working with AND against drug cartels in

“War on Drugs”“War on Drugs” Reasons for Invasion: Reasons for Invasion:

– Safeguard U.S. citizens in Panama Safeguard U.S. citizens in Panama – Defend Human Rights and DemocracyDefend Human Rights and Democracy– Combat drug trafficking Combat drug trafficking – Protect Torrijos-Carter TreatiesProtect Torrijos-Carter Treaties

Casualties: 24 U.S. soldiers, 200 Panamanian Casualties: 24 U.S. soldiers, 200 Panamanian soldierssoldiers– Civilians – 200 to 4000; fires raged throughout cityCivilians – 200 to 4000; fires raged throughout city

Noriega sentenced to 40 years (reduced to 30 later)Noriega sentenced to 40 years (reduced to 30 later) Clinton transfers Canal Zone back to Panama in Clinton transfers Canal Zone back to Panama in

19991999

Operation Desert StormOperation Desert Storm

First Persian Gulf War with IraqFirst Persian Gulf War with Iraq Kuwait was diagonal drilling into Iraq’s wellsKuwait was diagonal drilling into Iraq’s wells Iraq invaded KuwaitIraq invaded Kuwait U.S. led UN-sanctioned effort to help KuwaitU.S. led UN-sanctioned effort to help Kuwait Quick warQuick war Few American casualties; many Iraqi casualtiesFew American casualties; many Iraqi casualties Sadaam Hussein remained in powerSadaam Hussein remained in power Economic sanctions on IraqEconomic sanctions on Iraq

Operation Restore HopeOperation Restore Hope Somalia (Dec. 1992 to May 1993)Somalia (Dec. 1992 to May 1993) Chaos in Somalia – local warlords vying for Chaos in Somalia – local warlords vying for

powerpower 500,000 Somalis dead of starvation; 1000’s 500,000 Somalis dead of starvation; 1000’s

more refugees at riskmore refugees at risk Humanitarian groups targeted for violenceHumanitarian groups targeted for violence Effort to ensure the success of humanitarian Effort to ensure the success of humanitarian

aid in Southern Somaliaaid in Southern Somalia UN sanctioned multinational force (UNITAF – UN sanctioned multinational force (UNITAF –

Unified Task Force)Unified Task Force) Battle of Mogadishu (1993) – Battle of Mogadishu (1993) – Black Hawk Black Hawk

DownDown