-AJEET SINGHDept. of Applied Sciences & Humanities

U.C.E.R

PREPOSITIONS

Preposition

• A preposition is a word or a group of words used before a noun/pronoun to show relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence

•E.g. :• I went to Delhi at 9 p.m.•The book is kept in the bag.

Types of Prepositions

Si

mple

•Single word preposition like•at , in , of, for, to , by, with, but, etc.

Co

mpound

•Combining prepositions with nouns, adjectives or an adverb.•Examples : into, across, within, beside, upon,

Phrase

•Prepositions used as group of words . For Ex.•According to,• in accordance with,•In order to•Instead of etc.

Position of Prepositions Prepositions are generally used before noun/pronoun. For

example:

I saw him in the park. The cat is sitting under the table.

When the object is an interrogative pronoun or a relative pronoun, the preposition is placed at the end of the sentence. For eg.

What are you looking for ? This is the book I was talking about.

Position of Prepositions

•When the object is relative pronoun, the preposition is placed at the end of the sentence:

•These are the words that I was referring to.

Preposition -(TIME)

Prepositions Usage

IN Months Days Year

ON Days of week

AT For Weekend For night Certain point of time

SINCE For starting Time For certain period of time Before a name of day/month/year Before O’clock

Preposition -(TIME)Prepositions Usage

FOR For starting time Before numbers of days/hours/months/years

TILL/UNTILL For ending time For duration of time

BY For ending time For maximum limit of time

WITHIN A restricted period of time

Prepositions –(PLACE)Prepositions Usage

ON For an open space For certain side For floor in a house For public transport For TV/Radio etc.

IN For a closed space/room Building, street, town Countries, continents Book, paper etc. Car, taxi Picture, world

AT For a fix space For village For events like concert/party Places where you do something typical

(to watch a movie, to study, etc.)

Prepositions- (PLACE)Prepositions Usage

BESIDE Left/right of something

BESIDES In spite of

UNDER Show exactness, on the ground lower than something

BELOW Does not show exactness, lower than something but above ground

TO Movement to person, building, place, or country

INTO Process of entrance

ASIDE To talk in separation

TO KEEP ASIDE To save

Other important PrepositionsPrepositions Usage

FROM Who gave it

OF Who/what does it belong to

BY Who made it

ON Walking or riding on horse

AT For age

Correct Usage of Prepositions:

Beside Besides

It means ‘ at the side of ’ it means ‘in addition to’

Examples: •My school is beside the lake.

Examples: • He is learning French besides English language.

In /At / On (place )

• IN – used for bigger places, districts, countries etc.

•AT – used for smaller towns, or villages.

•ON – used for streets, roads, floor etc.

Examples:•He lives at A31, UPSIDC Area Naini in Allahabad.•His house is on the third floor.

In /At / On/ By (time )• IN – used for years/months.

• ON – used for days.

• AT – used for time.

• BY – indicates the latest time by which the action is finished.

• Examples :

• I hope to finish it by 1 February.

• They will visit the hill station in summer.

• We will be there at 6:30 p.m. on Friday.

Between / Among

•BETWEEN – used for two persons or things.

•AMONG – used for more than two persons or things.Examples :•Ayush stood between Akshat and Ankit.•This is a social ritual that exists among the tribals.

Below / Under• BELOW –as ‘lower/less than’ or ‘inferior to’.

• UNDER – means according to • lower in rank• in course of time

• Examples:• Raju is below 17 so he cannot appear for casting vote.

• Take any number below hundred.

• No one below the officer’s rank can apply for the post.

• The building is under construction.

• The LDC is working under Section Officer.

In / Within

•IN – while referring to time ‘in’ indicates the end of a certain period.

•WITHIN- it means before a certain period of time.

•Examples:•We will be back in three days.•They will repay the loan within three

years.

By / Until

•BY – means not later than mentioned time.

•UNTIL – means upto the point in time or event mentioned not before that.

•Eg.•We hope to finish it by Monday.•He will be in office until 11 a.m.

CONJUNCTIONS

A Conjunction is a word which is used to connect words, phrases and clauses.

Examples :• He is poor but he is honest.• Arvind and Vipul are good friends.

Types of Conjunctions

•One type of conjunction is the coordinating conjunction.

•They connect words, phrases, and clauses, which are sentences.

•They connect things of equal value. (This means that they would connect a noun

with another noun or a prepositional phrase with another prepositional phrase.)

Types of Conjunctions

•There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use FANBOYS to remember

for and nor but

or yet so

Kinds of Coordinating ConjunctionsCumulative conjunctions

•And,• too, •not only…. But also•As well as

Alternative conjunction

•Either…or•Neither….nor•Else•Otherwise

Adversative Conjunctions

•Whereas/while•However•Yet•Still•but

Illustrative conjunctions

•for,•Then•Therefore•Nevertheless•so

Subordinate Conjunctions:

•A conjunction that joins a dependent clause with a independent clause to form a complex sentence. These are :-

•Whether, though, before, until, unless, if etc.

Kinds of Subordinating Conjunctions

TIME•Till•Before•After•As long/so long•Then•since

CAUSE•Because•For•As

CONDITION•If•Unless•Provided•As if•Whether or not

CONTRAST•Though•Whereas/while•Whether…or•yet

Exercise:

i. He is reserved………….his brother is outspoken.

ii. Work hard……..you fail.iii. Children are admitted only……they

qualify the entrance test.iv. She is smarter……you think.v. Robin is …..smart ….clever.vi. The team played well …..won the match.vii.I shall not attend the party …….. He

invites me.

Exercise:

viii) It is so heavy …..anyone no one can lift it

ix) …………… you complete the assignment submit it to me.

x) The program has been…..organized…..everyone was happy.

Correct the following Sentences• Defeated in 1964,Nixon did not know, as he ever was wanted to

run for office again.

• My parents bought a new house and they still like the old one.

• While it was very cold, I continued to study.

• I won national merit scholarship but I was very proud.

• As it is raining, we have an umbrella

Correction

• Defeated in 1964,Nixon did not know whether he ever wanted to run the office.

• My parents bought a new house but still they like the

old one.

• Although it was very cold, I continued to study.

• I won a national merit scholarship and I was very proud.

• Because it is raining we have an umbrella.

What is an Interjection?

•An interjection is something that interrupts a sentence.

• It is something that also expresses your emotions like happiness, fear, anger, or pain.

•Some examples of interjections are:ouch, wow, uh oh, oh no, gosh, shhhh

Punctuating Interjections

•If an interjection is spoken calmly, simply put a comma after it and continue the sentence.

Ex. Shhh, the baby is sleeping.

Ex. Oh my, I dropped my pencil.

Punctuating Interjections

•If an interjection is spoken with more emotion, it is followed by an exclamation point. The next word is then capitalized.

Ex. Ouch! I just cut my finger.

Ex. He scored the winning touchdown. Wow!

THANK YOU