press conference on the flight of spaceships soyuz 4 and soyuz 5

8/8/2019 Press Conference on the Flight of Spaceships Soyuz 4 and Soyuz 5

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National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationGoddard Space Flight CenterContract No.NAS-5-12487Cz-7 3 7

HL - PR - 10803

N E W P A G E O F S P A C E A N N A L S

PRESS-CONFERENCE ON THE FLIGHT OF SPACESHIPS"S YUZ- 4" AND "SOY UZ- I'

(TASS RELEASE)

30 JANUARY 1969


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HL - PR - 10803

N E W P A C E O F S P A C E A N N A L SPRESS CONFERENCE ON THE FLIGHT OF SPACESHIPS

"SOYUZ-4" and "SOYUZ-5" *

N e w spaper P RAVDA"No.25, (184 38), 25 Jan .196 9 * Hi g h l i g h t s o f a TASS Releaseby Andre L. Brichan t

The majes t ic Assembly H a l l of th e Moscow St a t e Unive rs i ty w a s neveras h o u s e f u l l as ye st er da y, when So vie t and fo re ig n newspapermen convenedw i t h a l l s o r t s of cameras a nd e a ge r t o he a r t h e d e t a i l s on t h e l a t e s tSo v i e t sp ace ex p e r i men t f ro mt h e mou th s of t h e v e ry p a r t i c i p a n t s .

Th i s p ress-conference w a s i nd ee d f u l l y d e vo te d t o t h e s u c c e s s f u l r ea l i -za t i o n of t h e d o cki n g of two manned spacecraf t s "SOYUZ-4" and "SOYUZ-5",t h e t r a n s f e r o f two cosmon au ts f ro m o n e c r a f t t o t h e o t h e r , and t h e en co u n t e rwi th th e f l i e r s-cosmonau t s , heroe s o f t he Sov ie t Union , comrades V. A. Shata lov ,B. V. Volynov, E . V. Khrynov and A. S . Yel i seyev . The appearance of th es e fo urh e ro es b e fo re t h e p r e ss - co n fe r en ce p r e s i d i u m w a s g r e e t e d w i t h a n o v a t i on .

The press-conference w a s opened by M. V. KELDYSH, P r e s i d e n t , USSR Academyof Sc ience s , who desc r ibed t he en t i r e per formance as a l l of us could have readi n ou r own press (Wash ing ton Post , New York T i m e s , etc . ) and watched on TV.I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g t o m en ti on t h a t , w h i le d e s cr i b i ng t h e s u c c e s s i v e s t e p s i na c h i e v in g t h e c u r r e n t e x p e r im e n t s s i n c e t h e i n c e p t i o n of s p a c e f e a t s , namelyt h e l au n ch i n g of t h e f i r s t S o v i e t S p u t ni k , P r e s i d e n t K e ld ys h m en ti on ed t h ef i r s t s o r t i e s i n op en s p a ce by man i n 1 965 (USSR Cosmonaut Aleksey Leonov)and th e s ubsequen t developments obtaPned on American s pac esh ips G E MI N I , i nwhich dock ing o f th e spa cesh ip wi th t he Agena roc ke t w a s f o r t h e f i r s t t i m eperformed hy hand maneuvering.by aut om at ic dockin g of AES "KOSMOS", w hi le i n Oct obe r 1968 con com itan t f l i g h tof s p a ce s h ip s "SOYUZ-2 and -3 " w a s achieved wi th f l ier-cos monaut Beregovoy,who conducted t h e experi men t on se ar ch ; rapprochement and maneuvering of space-s h i p s . T h i s t i m e , a f i r s t a ss em bl y i n o r b i t of a n e xp e ri m en ta l s pa c e s t a t i o nw a s ach ieved and a n exper imen t on crew e xc ha nge i n f l i g h t w a s s u c c e s s f u l l y p e r -formed. The s t a t i o n con si s t ed of fo ur compartment s f o r th e crew; it had goodco n d i t i o n s f o r work and res t and w a S p r o v i d e d w i t h d i v e r s i f i e d a p p a r a t u s .

T h i s w a s fo l lowed twice, i n 1967 and 1968

This exper imen t opens up new and b ro ad p o s s i b i l i t i e s t o c on du ct d i v e r s i -f i e d i n v e s ti g a t i o n s i n o u t e r sp ace f ro m a c o n s t a n t l y o p e r a t i o n a l s p a c e s t a t i o nand t o send s c i e n t i s t s f o r a s p e c i f i c a l l y r e q ui r ed t i m e . I n t h i s re ga rd , t h er o l e of th e experiments wi th Soyuz-4 and -5 i s v e r y g r e a t , s i n c e t h e pr ep ar a-t i o n of f u t u r e e x p e d i t i o n s t o . o th e r p l a n e t s c a n b e r a t i o n a l l y a c hi e ve d w i t ht h e a i d o f d o ck i ng several s p a c e c r a f t s .purpose peacefu l p rograms tha t are b e i n g c a r r i e d o u t b y a11 t h es e methods .The speaker the n emphasizes th e mul t i -


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While AS "LUNA-9" co ul d al lo w u s t o have a d i r e c t "look" o n t h e s u r f a c eof th e Moon, th e su cc es s fu l f l i g h t of "VENERA-4" i n Octobe r 1967 made po s si bl et h e f i r s t d i r e c t me as ur em en ts i n t h e a tm o sp he re of t h i s m y s t er i o us p l a n e t ,d i s t a n t f rom Ear th by more than 70 m i l l i o n m i l e s . C u r re n t ly , "VENERA-5 and -6"are on th e pat h toward Venus; th ey are des$,gned t o pursue t he res ea rc h s t a r t -ed by VENERA-4. (*>from Earth , a l low ing u s t o p e rfo rm au t o ma t i c as w e l l as p i lo t e d f l i g h t s ,a s s u r i n g t h e r e t u r n t o E a r t h w i t h t h e s ec on d cos mic v e l o c i t y .

There i s s t i l l much unknown on t h e Moon and on pl a n e t s , which i s acces-s i b l e t o s t u d y by a u t o m a ti c s t a t i o n s , w h i l e c e r t a i n p ro bl em s r e q u i r e l o ng -t er mi n v e s t i g a t i o n s w i th p a r t i c i p a t i o n of s c i e n t i s t s a nd s p e c i a l i s t s i n many d i s -c i p l i n e s . O r b i t a l s t a t i o n s w i l l f i n d a b ro ad a p p l i c a t i o n f o r c o nd u ct in g awid e r an g e of a s t ro p h y s i ca l , g eo p h y s i ca l, m e t eo ro l o g i ca l an d o t h e r i n v es t i g a -t i o n s . f o r manned p e n e t r a t i o n i n t h e d e p t h sof ou t e r spa ce and w i l l a ll ow t h e s c i e n t i s t s t o g e t n ea r e r t h e o b j e c ts ofs t u d i e s , t o w iden t h e r a n ge of r e s e a r c h i n t h e c o u r s e of a prolonged t i m e .O r b i t a l s t a t i o n s w i l l u n q u es t i o n ab l y f i n d a b ro ad a p p l i c a t i o n f o r t h e s o l u-t i o n of v ar io us problems of na t i on al economy.ance by th e f ou r cosmonauts, awarding them th e gold medal i n th e name ofTsio lkovsk iy .

AS "ZOND" w a s a l s o s u c c e s s f u l l y c r e a t e d a nd l a un ch ed t o g r e a t d i s t a n c e s

They w i l l c o n s t i t u t e a p l a t f o r m

A t t h e end o f h i s sp eech , P r e s i d en t Ke ld ysh h i g h l y p r a i sed t h e p e rform-

SPEECH BY FLIER-COSMONAUT V.A. SHATALOV, COMMANDER OF SS "SOYUZ-4"(Hi g h l i g h t s )

The complet ion of th e jo i n t f l i g h t program of two spa ces hip s SOYUZ-4The program of f l i g h t f o r e s a w :- th e complet ion of re mote rapprochement of spa ces hip s, of c l os e rap-

and SOYUZ-5 took p l a c e on 18 Jan u a ry 1969.

prochement, hand-opera ted mooring and dock ing f o r the re a l i z a t io n of a ne x p e r i m e n t a l s p a c e s t a t i o n ;- t r an sf e r of two cosmonau ts f rom one spacesh ip t o th e o the r th rought h e op en sp ace and p er formance i n t h e co u r se of t h a t t r a n s f e r of a ser ies ofmount ing and d i sm ant l in g ope ra t ions ;

of th os e of rapprochement , docking and as sur anc e of co smo n au t s ' t r an s f e r ;

sc i en t i f i co - t e ch n i c a l and med i co -b io l o gi ca l ex p e ri men ts and i n v e s t i g a t i o n s ;

- t e s t i n s pa ce f l i g h t of s p a c e h a f t s ys te ms and, i n t h e f i r s t p la c e,- f u l f i l m e n t i n u n i t a r y , g ro up o r c on co m it an t f l i g h t s of a series ofSS SOYUZ-4 w a s b l a s t e d o f f on 1 4 January 1969 a t 1030 hours Moscow time.Upon r each i n g t h e o rb i t , I perfo rmed th e check ing of sy s t ems ' o p e ra t i o nand u n d e rt o o k t h e man ua l o r i en t a t i o n of t h e sp acesh i p wi t h so l a r bat ter ies

toward the Sun, A t t h e same t i m e , t h e sp acesh i p , b eg un t o ma i n t a i n , as ag i g a n t i c g yr o sc o pe , t h e o r i e n t e d p o s i t i o n a t t h e Sun , a s su r i n g sp acesh i p sys-t e m s ' power feed a t t h e ex pen se of so l a r ene rgy .

The s t a t e o f we i g h t l e s sn ess w a s a l r ead y descr ibe d more than once . Note--(*) "AS" s t a n d s f o r "au t o ma t i c s t a t i o n " , term used by t h e Ru ss i an s.


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th a t f o r the perfo rmance o f comple te , ac cur a te and coord ina ted mot ions , ac e r t a i n t i m e i s req u i re d , dur in g which human o rgan ism ge t s ad jus ted t o i t .A s f a r as I a m concerned, i t took m e abou t 3 t o 4 h o ur s t o master t h i s s t a t eo f we i g h t l e s sn ess . D uring t he f i r s t f l i g h t o r b i t s I had t o e f f e c t t r a j e c t o r yc o r r e c t i o n , so as t o h av e i t p ass a f t e r o ne day th ro ug h t h e r eg i o n of SS."SOYUZ-5" ta ke of f . To t h a t e f f e c t I r eo r i en t ed t h e sp ace sh i p and swi tch edt h e c o r r e c t i n g e n g in e on i n accordanc e wi th th e computed t i m e , having thusmoved th e space ship t o a new orbi t .

B e s i d e s o r b i t c o r r e c t i o n , I p er fo rm ed i n t h e c o u r s e of t h e f i r s t day off l i g h t a ser ies of experiments concerned wi th pho tograph ing th e Ear t h ' s su r -f ac e , t h e me t eo ro l o g i ca l se t u p o n t h e g ro un d, t h e E a r t h ' s h o r i zo n and con du ct -in g some as t ron omica l obse rva t io ns .abando n t h e sh i p ' s c ap su l e and p ass t o t h e o r b i t a l co mp ar tmen t.g ion of Baykonur, I obse rved t h e br in gi ng ou t of s pa ce sh ip "SOYUZ-5" by th einv ers ion wake.

A f t e r t h e l a t t e r ' s su ccess fu l p l acemen t i n o r b i t be ga n t h e s ec on d s t a g eo f t h e f l i g h t , nam ely, s p a c e s h i p s ' d oc ki ng i n o r b i t . Both SS Soyuz-4 an d -5completed manually a ser ies of maneuvers assu r ing the i r fu r ther rapprochementfrom a d i s t an ce o f more than 1000 ki lo me ter s. When th e range decr eas ed t o afew k i lometers , subsequen t approach w a s pursued by the a utom at ic rapproche-ment sys tem . On t h i s sy st em 's command from Soyuz-4, th e rapp roch eme nt-c orre ct-i n g mo ti ve i n s t a l l a t i o n w a s swi tched on severa l t i m e s . A t t h e same t i m e , gra-dua l spacesh ip rapprochement w a s a s s u r e d w i t h a v a r i a b l e v e l o c i t y , as a func-t i o n o f the d i s t anc e . The au tomat ic rapprochement w a s c o n t r o l l e d by m e wi t hthe a id of p rope r dev i ces and v i su a l ly by means of an op t i c a l v iewf inder . anda t e l e v i s i o n i n s t a l l a t i o n . A t t i m e of rapprochement, Soyuz-5 w a s o r i e n t e di n th e di r e c t i o n of Soyuz-4 by means of a dock ing r ing .

To per fo rm t he se ex per imen t s , I h ad t oOn the second day of f l i g h t , i e. , o n 15 Jan u ary 1 9 6 9, f l y i n g i n t h e re-

Beginning wi th t he 100 meter range , bot h Boris Volynov and myself sw i tche dBy doing s o , w e s u s t a in e d t h e i r r e q u i re do manual gu idance of th e spac esh ip s .m u t u a l o r i e n t a t i o n . A s p rev i o u s l y , t h e r ap prochemen t v e l o c i t y w a s fu n c t i o n o ft h e d i s t an c e be tween b o t h sp aces h i p s .When over Afr i ca n c oa s t l i ne , a t a ra ng e of some 7000 t o 8000 km from theSoviet Union, w e apprcac hed one a no th er by some 40 meters, comple t ing the" s t i ck i n g " . A t t h a t d i s t a n c e , b o t h o f u s p e rf or me d severa l maneuvers, duringwhich w e somewhat modi f i ed t he po s i t i on o f spac esh i ps , and photographed onean o t h e r .the g round , thus comple t ing th e dock ing . Th i s p roce ss w a s watched by ours elv es

on t h e t e l e v i s i o n s c r e e n s .Fur the r rapprochement w a s p u rq u ed wi t h i n t h e TV communication with

I n or de r t o f o r e s t a l l a r ou gh c o l l i s i o n , t h e r e l a t i ve rapprochement velo-c i t y w a s d ec rea sed t o a few ten s o f cen t im ete rs per second toward th e time ofcon tac t . Mooring took p la ce a t t h a t v e l o c i t y , t i m e a t which the ba r of thedocking mechanism of Soyuz-4 pe ne tra te d in t o th e n e s t of Soyuz-5 's in ta ke cone,thus ac h iev in g the mechan ica l engagement o f bo th spac esh i ps . Rig id t i gh te n in gf i n a l l y w a s ach ieved and the e l e c t r i c a l sys tems o f bo th spaces h ips were con-nec ted .

Thus w a s assembled a s pa ce s t a t i o n i n o r b i t of t he a r t i f i c i a l s a t e l l i t ef o r th e f i r s t t i m e , and i t s ex p e r i men t a l o p e ra t i o n h a s b eg un .


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The s t a t i o n con si s t ed o f fo ur l i v i ng compar tmen ts , mutua l ly connec ted byt e l ep h o ne . Co mfo r tab le l i v i n g co n d i t i o n s were main ta ined i n the se compartment sgllowing work and r e s t f o r t h e c r e w : t h e a i r t emp era t ur e co u ld b e r eg u l a t ed b e t -ween 15 and 25C (60 to 77"F) , th e r e l a t i ve humid i ty cou ld vary f rom 40 t o 70%and the p re ss ur e between 760 and 800 mm Hg.s t a n d a r d , t e r r e s t r i a l , i . e . 21% oxygen, the b a lanc e be ing n i t ro gen wi th less t han1% f car bon dio xid e. Two of t he compartments coul d be used as hatch chamberst o ensure cosmonauts' e x i t i n t o o pen s p ac e. T e s t s a nd v e r i f i c a t i o n o f t h e p r o pe ro p e r a t i o n of t h e s e s y s te m s i n real f l i g h t w e r e comple ted on 16 Ja nua ry 1969, whentwo of t h e crew of Soyuz-5, Yevgeniy Khrunov and Aleksey Ye lis eye v, dr es se d i ns pa ce s u i t s , r e a l i z e d t h e t r a n s f e r t o SS Soyuz-4.

T h e t r a n s f e r w a s c o n t r o l l e d v i s u a l l y w i th t h e a i d of t e l e v i s i o n i n s t a l l a -t i on s and op t i c a l v iewf inder . Dur ing the t r an s fe r , c ons tan t t e l ephone communi-c a t i o n w a s main ta ined wi th the cosmonaut s . Upon t ra ns fe r , t hey handed over t om e newspapers wi th da ta on S S Soyuz-4 and l e t t e r s f rom comrades and re l a t ives .

The p rogram d id no t fo re se e a p rol o ng ed e x i s t en c e o f the s t a t i o n , s o a f t e r3 o r b i t s of j o i n t f l i g h t , command f o r s e p a r a t i o n w a s g i v en from t h e c o n t ro lpane l .o b t a i n t h e n e c e s s a r y mater i a l f o r t h e c r e a t io n of d u r a b le s c i e n t i f i c r e s ea r c hs t a t i o n s .

The atmosphere composit ion w a s

The assemb ly an d f l i g h t of t h e ex p e r i men ta l sp ace s t a t i o n a l lo wed u s t o

F ut ur e o r b i t a l s t a t i o n s w i l l r e q u i r e c r e w exchange , de l iv er y of cargo ands c i e n t i f i c equ ipment , the conduct ing o f exper imen t s on mount ing and d i sm ant l in go p e ra t i o n s o n bo ard and sen d i n g o f t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n mate r ia l t o th e g round .Numerous pa r t s o f thes e ope ra t ions were worked o u t i n t h e co u r se of t h e p r e sen tf l i g h t of Soyuz-4 and -5 .A f t e r a ser ies of comments on per son al f ee l i ng s, commander Sha talo v re po rt edt h e p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r d e s c e n t , b e g i n n in g w i t h t h e 4 6 t h o r b i t .

equipment had t o be packed i n con ta in ers a l o n g s i d e wi t h mate r ia l on exper imen t s ,t h e p h o t o f il m s a n d s o f o r t h . ( ' A f t e r c a r e f u l e xa m in a ti o n o f t h e o r b i t a l compart-ment, w e p a ss e d t o t h e c a p s u l e and I began a p re - lan d in g o r i en t a t i o n o f t h es p ac e sh ip " . The m o ti v e i n s t a l l a t i o n w a s swi tched on on 1 7 January 1969 a t 0911h o ur s and t h e s h i p ob e d i e nt l y l e f t t h e o r b i t t o t a k e t h e d i r e c t i o n tow ard t h eE a r t h . A t t h e o u t s e t w e b eg an t o f e e l t h e a tmo sp he re r een t ry by t h e g r ad u a lacc re t i o n of o v e r l o ad s , and t h en by f l ames i n t h e i l l u mi n a t o r s .cended s l i g h t l y swing ing on t he parachu tl e .roc ke t s and l and ing took p la ce smooth ly. Dur ing th e desc en t wi th parachu tea two-way communicat ion took p la ce wi th the he l i c op te r and the a i r c r a f t o f thesea rch ing g roup, who observed our desc en t . Later , t h e h e l i c o p t e r app ro achedand we w e r e m e t by t h e i r . r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , c o rr e sp on d en ts an d f r i e n d s .o f th e Fa ther l and and ended wi t h a g e n e r a l v o t e o f t h an k s t o a l l those whomade t h i s j o i n t f l i g h t p o s s ib l e.

A l l s c i e n t i f i c

The parachute system w a s p ut i n a c t i on a t ab o u t 10 km a l t i t u d e and w e des-Near E ar t h w e swi t ch ed on t h e r e t r o -

F i n a l l y , t h e commander ex p re ssed h i s j o y o f h av i n g j u s t i f i e d t h e co n f id en ce


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SPEECH BY FLIER-COSMONAUT B. V. VOLYNOV, Commander of SOYUZ-5(H igh l igh ts wi t h Some Exce rpts)

As you al re ad y know from th e pre s s communications, SS SOYUZ-5 w a s p lacedi n t o AES o r b i t on 15 January 1969 a t 1014 hours Moscow t i m e wi t h a c r e w ofthree cosmonauts.I w a s t h e commander o f th e sh ip , Aleksey S tan i s l avov i ch Yel i seyev w a st he onboard eng ineer , and Lt-Colonel Yevgeniy Va si l 'e vic h Khrunov was t h e re-s e a r c h e n g i n e er .The crew had before i t t h e p ro bl em of f u l f i l l i n g t h e fo ll o wi n g b ro ad pro-- rapprochement and docking of two spaceships;--The indicated program w a s comple ted suc ces sfu l ly . Af te r complet ing 49

gram of s c i e n t i f i c exper imen t s and obse rva t io ns , whose foundat ion w a s :

c r e a t i o n o f a n i n h a b i t a b l e e x p e ri m e n ta l s pa c e s t a t i o n ;emergence of two cosmonauts wi t h t h e i r subsequ ent t r a ns fe r t o Soyuz-4.

o r b i t s a r ou nd t h e E a r t h , S S Soyuz-5 unev en t fu l ly so f t - l anded i n a p reass i g n edreg io n of the Sov ie t Union , a t 200 k i l o m e te r s t o t h e SW of Kustanay.and s p e c i a l i s t s , e x pr e s s in g h i s t h an ks t o a l l .t a t i o n o v e r t h e 5 t h o r b i t , h e swi t ch ed t h e mo ti ve power o n and pe rformed o r b i t 'co r r ec t i o n wi t h t h e v i ew o f mee ti ng wi t h S S SOYUZ-4 a t a pre-ass igned p lac e o ft h e o r b i t .

A s a r e s u l t of a l l t h e s e su c ces s fu l man eu ve rs , o u r sh i p s en t e r e d t h e zon eof ac t i on o f the au tomat ic rapprochement sys tem and th e au tom at ic approachbegan a t 1037 hours I '

Fo l l o w t h e d e sc r i p t i o n o f a l l th es e maneuvers, which i s r e p e t i t i o n of w ha tw a s s a i d by Commander S ha ta lo v of SOYUZ-4.

Bes i des t h e c ap su l e ( cab i n ) t h e sh i p h as an o r b i t a l co mp ar tmen t, whichc o n s t i t u t e s w e l l s u p p l ie d s c i e n t i f i c l a b o r a to r y , w h ere w e conducted a l l sc i en -t i f i c and med ico-b io log ica l exper imen t s , obser va t ion s and pho tograph ing.compartment i t i s p o s s i b l e t o co mpl et e a series of p h y s i ca l ex e rc i s e s , whi ch aren ecessa ry i n p ro lo n ged s t a t e of weigh ' t l essness .c o n s t i t u t e s a h a t ch ch amb er , wh o se av a i l ab i l i t y releases t h e cosmonauts fromt h e n e c e s s i t y of c o n s t a n t l y w ea ri ng s p a c e s u i t s .Eng.Khrunov 's and Yenise yev 's emergence i n t o open space and th e i r subsequentt r a n s f e r t o SS SOYUZ-4. Here th e cosmonauts had t o wear t h e i r s p ac e s u i t s .case t he s l i p on of s p a c e s u i t s o n b o a r d w a s performed for t he f i r s t time.I helped the cosmonauts i n p e rfo rmi ng a l l t h e se o p e ra t i o n s , h av in g gi v en t h eo rd e r t o go o n l y a f t e r b e i n g a s su red o f t h e o p e rab l e co n d i t i o n s o f t h e ha t chsys t e m s . I

The commander el ab or at es somewhat on performances by Sov iet s c i e n t i s t sIn co n n ec ti o n wi t h t h e p ro gram of f l i g h t , a f t e r pe r fo rmin g man ua l o r i en -

I n t h i s

A t t i m e of cosmonauts' emergence i n t o open space, t h e o r b i t a l c om pa rtm ent

The next most impo rtant problem a r i s in g upon docking i s t h e r e a l i z a t i o n o f

I n a l l p re ce di ng f l i g h t s , s p ac e s u i t s w e r e put on on th e ground. In our-


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SPEECH by Fl ier -Cosmo naut Eng. E . V. Khrunov(Summary)

Eng.Khrunov b r i e f ly des cr i bes h i s d u t i e s as the onboard research-engineerH i s d u t i e s i n c l u d ed t h e co n d u c t in g o f a series of s c i e n t i f i c e xp er im e nt sOne of h i s b a s i c ex p e ri men ts c o n s i s t ed i n t h e emergence i n o u t e r sp ace an d

D ur in g t h i s t r a n s f e r h e h ad t o s t u d y

i n t he f l i g h t s of SS Soyuic-4 and -5 and h i s impress ions dur ing the per fo rmance .a n d i n v e s t i g a t i o n s .t r a n s f e r from one s p a c e s h ip t o t h e o t h e r .a nd c he ck t he ' - x k in g s y s te m s , t o a p p r a i s e t h e p o s s i b i l i t i e s of space s u i t s andof th e autonomous sys tems of l i f e p r e s e r va t i o n . A ser ies of mounting and dis-man t l i n g o p e ra t i o n s h ad t o b e p e rformed d u r i n g t r an s f e r .

H e t hen descr ibes h i s persona l impress ions whi le over Sou th Amer ica .On th e whole t h i s accoun t con t r i bu t es no th ing more f rom the t e chn ica l view-

po in t th an had al re ady been to ld by th e spac esh ips ' commanders.SPEECH by Fli er -C os mo naut Eng. A. S. Yel i seyev

(Summary)A s t he onboard eng ineer , A. S. Y e l i s e y e v' s d u t i e s c o n s i s t e d m os tl y i n con-t r o l and an a l y s i s o f t h e p e rforman ce o f a l l s h i p ' s systems.The de sc r i p t io n of th e var iou s compartments adds nothin g new to what hasa l r eg d y b een r ep o r t ed i n p r ev i o u s sp eech es .Pausing on the ques t ions of l o ck i n g an d t r a n f e r , Ye l i sey ev d esc r i b e s h i sp e r so n a l i mp ress i o ns co n cern i ng t h e s l i p on an d o f f of space s u i t s .

lessness t h e s e o p e r a t i o n s a re eas ie r t h an on t h e g ro un d, t h e sp ace s u i t t ak esi t s sh ap e ea s i l y an d i s s l i p p e d on w i t ho u t n o t a b l e e f f o r t s . I t i s p r a c t i c a l ,w i t h r e ma rk ab le f l e x i b i l i t y i n t h e v a r io u s j o i n t s , t h u s a l lo w in g t h e c osm onautt o per fo rm th e var ious mounting ope ra t ion s wi th ease.exchange are su ch t h a t a t no t i m e d i d w e f e e l any he a t dur ing the per formanceo f t h e work, t h e t r a n s f e r f rom on e sh i p t o t h e o t h e r . Nor w a s t here any i l lumina-to r g la ss dimming due t o mois tu re condensa t ion .t a i n ed d u r i n g t h e e n t i r e o p e ra t i o n t r l an s f e r . The l o ck i n g sy s tems of b o t hsp acesh i p s o p e ra t ed wi t h g r e a t a ccu racy .sep a ra t i n g t h e o r b i t a l co mp ar tmen t fro m sh i p ' s c ap su l e a s su red t o t a l h e rme t i c i -t Y

i n o r b i t a l co mp ar tm en ts w i t ho u t d i v i ng o u t f i t s , b u t w i t h u s u a l f l i g h t su i t s .A t t i m e o f t r a n s f e r p r e s s u r e i n o r b i t a l com pa rtm ents w a s ze ro . Both commandersworked i n t h e i r c h a i r s i n s h i p s ' c a b i n s , b e i n g s e p a r t e d f rom t h e o u t e r s p ac eby t h e hood ( co v e r) of t h e h a t ch . . However, t h e h i g h t e ch n i c a l . r e l i a b i l i t ya s su re d t h e i r t o t a l s a f e t y .

The speaker then conc ludes on the impor tance o f t h i s shor t - l i ved spaces t a t i o n as t he vanguard o f fu tu re development of manned f l i g h t s and of c r ea t io no f l o n g - l a s t i n g s t a t i o n s . . .

In weigh t -

The v e n t i l a t i o n a nd h e a t

Steady ra di o communicat ion wi t h th e Ear th and sh ip s ' commanders w a s main-Both , the emergence ha tc h and tha t

P r i o r t o emerg en ce i n t o op en space and a f t e r emergence, the c rew opera ted


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QUESTION AND ANSWER PERIOD

A usual question and answer period followed the press-conference. Thefirst to take the stands to answer questionwere V. A. Shatalov & B. V.Volynov.The questions put beforethemdo not warrant reproduction here: the answersmerely emphasize what was said many times in the speeches themselves. Theonly exception is perhaps the question relative to feelings of weightless-ness in space during the performance of physical work. To the question:what muscles underwent particular stress and which overloads were responsiblefor it? The answer was that , at transfer, overloads were concentrated inhand muscles, which made it necessary to have strong hands and a very goodphysical training, which is never useless even after all-day work.equipment.engineer to have perfect knowledge of every part or component of the ship,the difficulties in operating being mostly connected with weightlessnessinterlocutor was Dr.Keldysh.which so far never were undertaken in wintertime.sible? Dr.Keldysh answered that the greatest advantage was in the searchcrew and facility in meeting cosmonauts on their descent. The connectionwas so accurate that cosmonauts landed almost at the same time as the helicop-ter, if not at the same spot.

Then someone asked if the continuation of experiments of flights pastthe Moon is still warranted? The Keldysh's answer was affirmative.To the question as to the meaning "space station" derived from this

joint flight and its prospects for the future, Dr.Keldysh answered that inthe present case, mechanical and electrical docking was accomplished, which .allowed both stations to operate as a unit, with the possibility of movingthe equippant from one craft to the other. As a result of Soyuz-4 and -5experiment, the mehhanical problems of larger space stations have been solved,just as was the question of crew intechange.There are several direction for outer space study. Let us say that flightof space stations to the Moon is an already accomplished feat, a stage that has

already been won. In order to realize tihe landing on the Moon, or on Venus,at distances of hundreds of thousand or million kilometers, a very high levelis prerequisite. So that we can not speak of the present success as the high-est level with respect to all directions of outer space study, or, it is atleast premature to speak in such terms. But I believe that in the develop-ment of orbital flights and constitution of orbital stations, this has beenthe highest level to date.of Soviet Union in international cooperation in space in accord with the obli-gations committed to international agreements. Would Soviet cosmonauts envi-sion some joint flights with USA and what kind of flights might then be under-taken?

Questions asked of Eng.Yeliseyev dealt mostly with the onboard technicalObviously the spokesman emphasized the necessity for the onboard

Perhaps the most interesting questions and answers were those, when theThe first question that was asked had reference to the season of flight,Why has this become pos-

The next question, of particular interest, was in reference to the role


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I n p r i nc i p le , w e have no ob je c t ion s of any kindr t i c i p a t e i n a whole series of i n t e rn a t i o n a l p ro grams .

A s t o th e posb i genda o f such an in te rn a t io na l p rogram, one must th i nkt h e t h i n g s o v e r. P e r ha p s , a t some date, it would be po ss ib l e t o createa j o i n t o r b i t a l s t a t i o n n e ar E a rt h. And such a j o i n t v e n t u r e m ig ht p e r h a psbe a f l i g h t t o ets! Ob vi o us l y t h i s would b e v e ry i n t e r e s t i n g . Bu t, t odet erm ine what be made a t t h i s moment is d i f f i c u l t .u s e f ul inf orm ati on con cern ing t h e f l i g h t of "APOLLO-8"?No te ch ni ca l info rmat ion on t h e set up of th e va r i ou s compartments and aggre-g a t e s of t h i s s t a t i o n i s a v a i l a b l e t o u s besides what has been pub l i shed .I t must b e s t a t ed t h a t w e a l s o a l r e a dy r es o lv e d , i n a p a r r a l l e l f a s hi o n, t h eb a s i c q u e s t i o n s l i n k e d w i t h t h e l on g er - ra n ge f l i g h t s . T h i s i s t h e case, f o rexampl e, o f r e t u rn t o E a r t h of c r a f t s wi t h secon d cosmic v e l o c i t y , whi chw a s r e a l i z e d o n ZOND-5 and ZOND-6. But I m ust s a y t h a t t h e r e a l i z a t i o n ofsu ch a s i g n i f i c a n t f l i g h t a s t h a t of "APOLLO'8", eve n i f i n i t s d e t a i l s , i tdoes not include anything somewhat new nor more c o n c r e te d s t a , i t s t i l l i ni t s e l f c o n t r i b u t e s s om et hi ng t o u s .ma st er in g t h e o u te r sp ac e between USSR and USA?

h a s e t u p , i t seems t o m e , h a s a ser ies of advan-

QUESTION:ANSWER:

Did t h e p r i n c i p a l s of th e S ov ie t space program receive anyW r ece i v ed t h e i n fo r m a ti o n t h a t w a s p u bl is h ed i n t h e p r e s s .

QUESTION: How would you c ha ra c te ri ze t he di ff er en ce i n the con ce pts on

ofofANSWER; Th i s i s a q u e s t i o n p ro b ab l y m ost d i f f i c u l t t o a ns we r. I b e l i e v e ,c ou r se , t h a t t h e r e a re many common d i r e c t i o n s , l e t u s s a y , a g r e a t d e a lcommon i n th e stu dy of t he near-Earth space. There i s much i n commona l s o i n t h e f a c t t h a t b ot h w e and th e USA have rea l i ze d f l i g h t s o f au tomat ics t a t i o n s t o t h e Moon. A f t e r our "LUNA-9", USA la nd ed "SURVEYOR". Bot h ou r-s e l v e s and USA se n t c r a f t s toward Venus . There a re a l s o s u c h d i s c i p l i n e s

a s rad iocommunica tion and t e l e v i s i on . A l l t h i s i s common, thou gh th e r e ared i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e c o n c er t e s o l u t i o n s of some p ro bl em s. P e rh a ps t h e g r e a t e s td i f f e r e n c e s are i n th e f a c t t h a t USA emphasized t he la ndi ng of manned space-c r a f t s on th e Moon and th e i r r e t u r n , which i s now t h e o b j e c t i v e of t h e APOLLOprogram, Thus f a r , w e made no p a r t i c u l a r e f f o r t i n t h a t d i r e c t i o n . On t h ewhole, w e c o n s i d e r t h a t w e must make a c l o s e r a pp ro ac h t o i n t e r p l a n e t a r yf l i g h t s . To t h a t e f f e c t , a u t om a ti c s t a t i o n s must b e s e n t a t t h e o u t s e t , s oa s t o i n v e s t i g a t e a ny t h in g t h a t c a n b e e nc o un te r ed i n o u t e r s p a ce . T h er emus t t ak e p l ace a genera l deve lopment 05 spac e technology and one of th ef i r s t s t ep s i n t h a t d i r ec t io n i s t he exper imen t d i scussed today .QUESTION: Bec ause of t h e s u c c e s s f u l f l i g h t of SOYUZ-4 and SOYUZ-5,what problems have now become "r ipe " and i n what d i r e ct io n should w e now

o p e r a te?sp ace , a b e t t e r u s e of o r b i t a l f l i g h t s f o r va r i ou s a i m s i n c o n ne c ti o n w i t hpro gre ss on Ear th . Such are , f o r i n s t a nc e , m e t eo r ol o gi c al r a d i o s e r v i c e s ,which should be improved and meteoro log ica l fo recas t s . An impor tan t d i re c t io ni s a l s o t h a t of s o l a r s y s t e m 's p l a n e t s w hich s t i l l co n cea l a g r e a t d e a l ofunknown and un inv es t ig at ed . On th e whole th i s amounts t o emphasize la r gea c t i n g o r b i t a l s t a t i o n s a nd , n a t u r a l l y , lon g- ra nge i n t e r p l a n e t a r y f l i g h t .

ANSWER: I f e e l t h a t w e shou ld seek a deep er knowledge of t h e near -Ear th


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1QUESTION: What i s t h e r o l e f t h e "SOYUZ" i n t h e c r e a t i o n of a no r b i t a l l a bo r a t o ry , and c a n w e now f or e s e e when i t w i l l b e o p e r a t i o n a l andwhat i t s c o n s t r u c t i o n i s t o b e?ANSWER: I a l r ea d y sp o ke ab o ut t h a t . I c o n s i d e r t h a t a l l q u e s t i o n s ofp r i n c i p l e f o r t h e c r e a t i o n o f l a r g e s t a t i o n s h av e now b ee n v e r i f i e d . T h atv e r y same s t a t i o n of two "SOYUZ" w i l l c on du ct e x pe r im e nt s i n f u r t h e r f l i g h t s .

W e ope ned up t h e p a t h t o t h e c r e a t i o n o f a p ermanent o rb i t i n g l ab o r a t o rywith exchange of crews. Ob vi o us l y t h e c r e a t i o n of a l a r ge s t a t i o n w i l l t a k esome t i m e , b u t I t h i n k t h a t t h i s d e l a y ca n b e ev a lu a te d i n terms o f y ea r s ,no t decades .QUESTION: May w e e x p ec t i n t h e n e a r f u t u r e S o v i e t manned f l i g h t s t o t h eANSWER:

Moon?i s ad ap t a b l e t o manned f l i g h t s . Ob v io u sl y , no su ch f l i g h t w i l l be under takenw it hi n two o r th re e weks. When t h i s i s t o t a k e p l a c e i s so me t h i n g en t i r e l ydependen t on t he fu tu re p lann ing o f our p rogram.

W e a l re ady communica ted t o the p re ss t ha t spac esh ip "ZOND"

***** END OF TH E PRESS-CONFERENCE ******(T A S S )

CONTRACT No.NAS-5-12487VOLT INFORMATION SCIENCES, I N C .1145 - 19th St.NWWASHINGTON D.C. 20036.Telephone: (202) - 223-6700 (X-36.

Hi gh t l i gh t s p repared and ana lyzedby ANDRE I,. BRICHANT

press conference on the flight of spaceships soyuz 4 and soyuz 5

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