pressure vessel chart august 2011

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PRESSURE VESSEL CHART – AUGUST 2011 Blanks – 304.5.3 Non-pressure parts, UG-4, 22, 54, 55, 82, UW-27, 28, 29, UHT-85, ULW-22, ULT-30 Saddle-type nozzle, cat. “D,” UW-2, 3, 11, 16, UHT-17, 18 Cat. “B” welded joint, UW-2, 3, 11 Openings, UG-36 to 42, ULW-16, 18, Appx. 1-7, L-7 Cat. “C” welded joint, UW-2, 3, 11, 16, UNF-19, UHT-17, ULW-17, ULT-17 Full-faced gasket, Appx. 1-6 Spherically dished covers, UG-11, 35, UCI-35, UCD-35, Appx. 1-6 Bolted flange connections, UG-44, Appx. 2 and Y Slip-on flange, UG-11, 44 Nuts & washers, UG-13, UCS-11, UNF-13, UHA-13, Appx. 2-2 Protective devices, UG-125 to 136 incl., Appx. 11, Appx. M Lap joint & loose type flange, UG-11, 44, Appx. 2, Appx. S, Y Head skirt, UG-32, UG-33, UW-13 Inside edges, UG-76 Multiple openings, UG-42, 53 Tolerance, UG-81, UF-29 Forming, UG-79, 96, UF-28, UCS-79, UNF-77, UHT-79, ULT-79 Attachment details, UW-9, 13, 33, UHT-20, ULW-17, ULT-17 Openings in or adjacent to welds, UG-36, UW-14, ULT-18 Cat. “A” longitudinal joint, UW-2, 3, 9, 12, 33, 35, UCS-19, UNF-19, UHA-21, UHT-17, 20, ULW-17, ULT-17 Backing strip, UW-2, TABLE, UW-12, 16, 35 Reinforcement of openings, with pad, UG-36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 82, UW-14, 15, 16, UHT-18, ULW-18, Appx. 1-7, L-7 Internal structures, UG-5, Appx. D Category “D” welded joint, UW-2, 3, 11, 16, 18, UHT-17, 18 Tolerance, UG-80, UF-27, Appx. L-4 Flange attachment, UW-2, 15, 16, ULW-18 Manhole cover plate, UG-11, 34, 46 Cat. “C” welded joint, UW-2, 3, 11 Junction weld, UW-9 Material and Heat Treatment Table Plate UG-5, 10, 16, 76, 79, UW-9, UCS-6, UNF-6 Forgings UG-6, 11, Part UF, UCS-7, UNF-7 Castings UG-7, 11, 24, UCS-8, UNF-8, UHA-8, Part UCI, Part 400, Appx. 7 Pipes & Tubes UG-8, 10, 16, 31, UCS-9, 27 Heat Treatment UG-11, 85, UW-10, 40, 49, UCS-56, 85, UNF-56, UHA-32, 105, UCL-34, UF-31, 52, UHT-56, 80, 81, ULW-26, ULT-56 Nozzle neck, UG-11, 16, 43, 45, UW-13, 16, UHT-18, ULW-18 Ellipsoidal heads, UG-16, 81, UCS-79 Internal pres., UG-32, UHT-32, Appx. 1, Appx. L-1 External pres., UG-33, UHT-33, Appx. L-6 Studs & bolts, UG-12, UCS-10, UNF-12, UHA-12, UCI-12, UCD-12, Appx. 2-2, Appx. 24 Applied linings, integrally clad plate, UG-26, part UCL, Appx. F Corrosion, UG-16, UG-25, UF-25, NF-13, UHA-6, UCL-25, UHT-25, Appx. E Plug welds, UW-17, UW-37 Stiffener plate, UG-5, 22, 54, 82 Structural attachments, UG-5, 22, 54, 82, UHT-28, 85, ULW-22, ULT-30, Appx. G Bellows-type expansion joints, Appx. 26 Jacketed vessel closure ring, Appx. 9 Welded stayed construction, UG-47, UW-19, 37 Bars, structural shapes & stays, UG-14, UW-19 Stayed surfaces, UG-27, 47 Staybolts, UG-14, 47-50, 83, UW-19 Telltale holes for corrosion, UG-25, UCL-25, ULW-76 Support skirt, UG-5, 22, 54, UHT-85, ULW-22, ULT-30, Appx. G Conical shell reducer, UG-32, 33, 36, UHT-19, Appx. 1-5 Studded connections, UG-12, 43, 44, UW-16 Optional type flange, UG-14, 44, UW-13, Appx. 2, S, Y Bolted flange, ring gasket, Appx. 2, Y Flued openings, UG-32, 38, 46 Yoke, UG-11 Inspection openings, UG-46 External pres., UG-33, UHT-33 Internal pres., UG-32, UHT-32, Appx. 1-4 Torispherical head, UG-16, 81 Knuckle radius, UG-32, UCS-79, Appx. 1-4 Fillet welds, UW-9, 12, 13, 18, 36, UCL-46 Head attachment, UW-12, 13, UHT-34, ULW-17 Threaded openings, UG-36, 43, 46 Small welded fittings, UG-43, UW-15, 16 Conical heads, UHT-19 Internal pres., UG-32, UHT-32, Appx. 1-4, 5 External pres., UG-33, UHT-33, Appx. L-6 One-half Apex angle, UG-32, 33, UW-3, Appx. 1-5 Reinforcing ring for conical reducers, Appx. 1-5, 8 Telltale hole, UG-25, UW-15, UCL-25 Weld neck & integral type flange, UG-11, 44, Appx. 2, S Tubes, UG-8, 16, 27, 28, 31, UCS-9 Tube to tube sheets joints, UW-13, 18, 37, Appx. A Tube sheet design, Appx. AA, U-2(g), TEMA, BS 5500 Blind flange & flat head bolted, UG-11, 34, 44 Offset type attachment (joggle joint) containing a long seam, UW-13(b) Cat. “B” circumferential joints, UW-2, 3, 9, 12, 33, 35, UHT-17, 20, ULW-17, ULT-17, UNF-19, UHA-21, UCS-19 Corner joints, UG-93, UW-9, 13, 18 Welded flat heads, UG-34, UW-13, ULW-17 Opening in flat heads, UG-39 Side plates, rectangular vessels, UW-13, Appx. 13 Welded connection, UW-15, 16, UHT-17, 18, ULW-18, ULT-17, 18 Stiffening rings, UG-29, 30, UCS-29, 30, UNF-30, UHA-29, 30, UHT-28, 29, 30, Appx. L Shell thickness, UG-16, UCS-27 Internal pres., UG-27, Appx. 1, L External pres., UG-28, UCS-28, UNF-28, UHA-28, UCI-28, UCD-28, UHT-27, ULW-16, Appx. L Unequal thickness, UW-9, 13, 33, 42, UHT-34 Hemispherical head, UG-16, 81, UCS-79, UHT-34 Internal pres., UG-32, UHT-32, Appx. 1 External pres., UG-33, UHA-31, UHT-33, Appx. L Baffle, UG-5 Jacketed vessels, UG-27, 28, 47, ULW-22, Appx. 9 Materials • Piping 305 • Fittings 306 • Listed Materials 323.1.1 • Unknown Materials 323.1.2 • Reclaimed Materials 321.4 • Temperature Limitations 323.2 • Component Standards 326 • Basic Allowable Stresses Table A-1 • Design Stress Values Bolting Materials Table A-2 Welded Joint 311 • Procedure Qualifications 328.2.1, 328.2.2 • Performance Qualifications 328.2.1, 328.2.3 • Preparation for Welding 328.4 • End Preparation 328.4.2 • Alignment 328.4.3 • Welding Requirements 328.5 • Weld Repair 328.6 • Weld Preheating 330, Table 330.1.1 • Weld Heat Treatment 331, Table 331.1.1 • Hardness Testing 331.1.7 • Nondestructive Examination 341 to 344 • Pressure Testing 345 • Record 346 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor • Table 302.3.4 Typical SMAW Tack Welds Including Bridge Tacks – .5.1 (c) (a) The above depicts a typical tack weld (end view and side view) to a single-vee groove weld. If the weld is not prepared for the root pass, weld defects can occur. (c) In the above sketch, the welder has deposited a “bridge tack.” The joint has been “fitted” with a temporary tack. The welder, as he (or she) completes the root pass, grinds out the bridge tack before completing the root pass over the area. Bridge tacks must be removed since they usually exhibit incomplete penetration. (b) In the sketch above, the welder has ground the tacks to a “feather edge.” The welder, when completing the root pass, can now weld onto the tack and break the arc on the tack and provide a correct tie-in. End View Side View Feathered-Edge Alignment – 335 • Piping Distortion – 335.1(a) • Cold Spring – 335.1(b) • Flanged Joints – 335.1(c) Valves – 307, F307 Elbows – 304.2.2 Tees – 304.3.1(a)(1) Concentric Reducer – 304.6 Inspection – 341.4.1, 341.4.2, 341.4.3 Expansion Joints – 304.7.4, F304.7.4 Assembly & Erection X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X Piping Support – 321, F321 • Materials – 321.1.4 • Fixtures – 321.2 • Attachments – 321.3 • Connections – 321.4 • Inspection – 341.4.1(a)(5) Piping Flexibility – 319 • Cold Spring – 319.2.4 Pressure Relief Piping & Stop Valves – F322.6 Discharge Piping – 322.6.2 Pressure Relieving Systems – 301.2.2, 322.6 Stop Valves in Pressure Relief Piping – 322.6.1, F322.6 Pipe Bends 304.2.1, 306.2, Fig. 319.4.4A • Bending & Forming – 332 • Flattening – 332.2.1 • Temperature – 332.2.2 Intrados R Extrados Branch Connections Design – 304.1, Appendix 14 • Preparation – Fig. 328.4.4, Fig. 328.5.2A • Welding – Fig. 328.5.4, Fig. 328.5.4D Gaskets – 308.4 – F308.4 Bolting – 309, F309 Flange Facings – 308.3 Wall Thickness of Weld Caps – 304.4 Pipe Wall Thickness – 304.1.1, 304.1.2 • For Internal Pressure – 304.1.1, 304.1.2 • For External Pressure – 304.1.3 Flanges • General – 304.5.1 • Blind Flanges – 304.5.2 • Specific Requirements – 308.2, F308.2 • Flanged Joints – 312, F312, 335.2 • Flange Welds – Fig. 328.5.2B 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) Thicker pipe trimmed to 30 degrees maximum. Thinner pipe tapered to the thicker pipe by providing a taper weld inside the pipe diameter. Tapered Fit to Match Alignment Tolerance – Fig. 328.4.3 Tapered Fit to Match Alignment Tolerance Above flanges have been backwelded. Above flange has not been backwelded. This is for special cases only and needs to be approved by the designer. X min. is 1.4 of the thickness of the pipe or the thickness of the hub, whichever is smaller. Thickness of pipe or 1/4 inch, whichever is less No backweld completed Thickness of pipe or 1/4 inch, whichever is less Slip-On Flanges X min. X min. X min. X min. X min. • Design – 308.2.1 • Fabrication – Fig. 328.5.2B, 335.1(c), 335.2 g m g m g m Typical for a “Set In” Branch Connection – Fig. 328.4.4 (c) Welds must be full penetration Code Reference: ASME B31.3 - Figure 382.4.4. No such reference in ASME B31.1. By code: m = 1/8 inch or 0.5 T b , whichever is less. T b = nominal thickness of the branch connection. Example branch connection is NPS 4 Schedule 80. T b = 0.337 inches. 0.5(0.337) = 0.1685. Since 0.1685 is greater than 0.125 inches, m = 0.125 inches in this case. However, if NPS 4 Schedule 40 is used where T b = 0.237 inches. 0.5(0.237) = 0.11845 inches. Therefore m = 3/32 inches. The root spacing is defined as “g,” which is specified in the Welding Procedure Specification. Typical is 1/8, 1/32 inch. g – root gap and is typically 1/8, 1/32 inch. The protrusion of the connection through the pipe run cannot be less than zero, meaning that the connection must fully penetrate through the run pipe. If not, the weld strength can be affected due to the loss of deposited weld metal. ASME B31.3 does not specify a maximum protrusion from a design point of view. The protrusion is not relevant (providing it is greater than zero). However, excessive protrusion can affect fluid flow and contribute to erosion and corrosion at the site of the protrusion. Therefore, specifying m as follows is realistic: m = +1 / 16 -0 Pressure Piping Pressure Vessel Valve Marking Requirements • Design - 307 • Materials – 323 & 325 • Others – F307 Markings Location of Markings 1 Standard Designation Nameplate 2 Manufacturer’s Name or Trademark Both Body and Nameplate 3 Manufacturer’s Identifying Reference for the Valve Design such as a Figure Number or a Catalogue Number Both Body and Nameplate 4 ANSI Class Rating and/or Nominal Pressure Class Nameplate 5 Impact Test Temperature Nameplate 6 Maximum Cold Working Pressure Nameplate 7 Limiting Maximum Temperature, if less than 120˚C Nameplate 8 Body Material Standard or Specification. Melt Identification if made of Alloy Steel Both Body and Nameplate 9 Trim Identification. Symbols indicating the Material of the Stem and Sealing Faces of the Closure Members if different from the Valve Body (see MSS-SP-25) Nameplate 10 Valves for Sour Service are Marked “SOUR” Nameplate 11 Nominal Valve Size Nameplate 12 Ring-joint Designation if Applicable. The letter “R” and a number indicating the ring size Rim of the end of the End Flange 13 Flow Direction (for unidirectional valves such as check and globe valves) On Body 14 Where required, mark 6D4 and the appropriate face-to-face or end-to-end dimension Nameplate 15 Serial Number Both Body and Nameplate Seal Welding Practice • Design – 311.2.7 • Welding – 328.5.3 Acceptable In the above, the fillet weld has covered all exposed threads. Unacceptable In the above, the fillet has not adequately covered all exposed threads, increasing stresses at the weld to thread area. Threaded Connections • Design - 314 • Assembly - 335.3 Weld Reinforcement Requirements – ASME B31.3 – Process Piping Base Metal Thickness (inches) Maximum Allowable Reinforcement (inches) Up to _ inclusive 1/16 Over _ to 1 inch inclusive 3/32 Over 1 inch to 2 inclusive 1/16 Over 2 inch 5/32 Preheat Requirements – ASME B31.3 – 330 & Table 330.1.1 P# Parameter (Tensile Strength, Thickness and Carbon Content) Minimum Temperature for Canadian Climates All P#s All Cases 50˚F (10˚C) P-1 > 1 inch (25.0 mm), or All Carbon Steels with a Tensile Strength of greater than 71 ksi (490 MPa) 175˚F (80˚C) P-3 Specified Minimum Tensile Strength > 71,000 psi (490 MPa) and/or > 1/2 inch (13.0 mm) 175˚F (80˚C) P-4 All Cases 300˚F (149˚C) P-5A, P-5B and P-5C All Cases 350˚F (177˚C) P-6 All Cases 300˚F (149˚C) with a Maximum Interpass Temperature of 600˚F (316˚C) P-7 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C) P-8 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C) P-9A All Cases 250˚F (120˚C) P-9B All Cases 300˚F (150˚C) P-10 All Cases 300 - 400˚F (149 - 204˚C) P-10I All Cases 300˚F (149˚C) with a Maximum Interpass Temperature of 450˚F (230˚C) P21 – P52 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C) PIIA – SG1 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C) PIIA – SG2 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C) P# Typical Composition P-8 High Alloy - Austenitic Stainless Steel P-9 Nickel-Alloyed (for toughness considerations at low temperatures) P-10 Broad Range of Materials; Mainly Oxidation Resistant P-11 9% Nickel - Cryogenic Service Considerations and High Tensile Strength (115,000 PSI) P-21 – P-23 Aluminum and Aluminum-Based Alloys P-31 – P-35 Copper and Copper-Based Alloys P-41 – P-46 Nickel and Nickel-Based Alloys P-51 – P-52 Titanium and Titanium-Based Alloys P-61 – P-62 Zirconium and Zirconium-Based Alloys P-Numbers P# Typical Composition P-1 Carbon Steel P-2 Wrought Iron P-3 Low Alloy (3/4% Chrome) P-4 Low Alloy (2% Chrome) P-5A Alloy 2.25 to 3% Chrome P-5B Alloy 5 to 9% Chrome P-5C Alloy 2.25% Chrome; 1/2% Molybdenum P-6 High Alloy - Martensitic Stainless Steel P-7 High Alloy - Ferritic Stainless Steel Material Identification Requirements – 323, 326 Material Identification Requirements Product Form Methods of Marking: Die Stamp, Stencil, Forge, Cast, Rolling, Tagging Marking Information Plate Pipe Tubes Forgings Castings Bolting Nuts Welding Materials Name of Brand or Manufacturer X X X X X X X Heat and/or Slab X X X Serial Number X Lot Number X X Specification Number X X X X X Grade X X X X X X X Type X Class X Kind of Pipe/Tube Weld: Furnace Butt Weld, Seamless or Electric Resistance Weld X Length X Size X X Designation of Service Rating X Schedule Number X Letter Designation: from material specification for alloy type X Line Under Symbol if Strain Hardened X “MT” Heat Treated at Producing Mill X “WR” Weld Repair X “W” Weld Repair X “NH” Not Hydrotested X “S” Compliance with Supplemental Requirements X “QT” Quench and Tempered X Manufacturer’s Test “ID” No. on Each Test Specimen X Charpy Impacts - ID on a Raised Pad X Process of Manufacture X X Control Number X Classification Number X Weight X Sour Service (marked usually as “SS”) X X X “G” Specimens Heat Treated at Producing Mill; plate to be heat treated at a later date by the purchaser X C A B Acceptable (Fig. 328.5.2c) – In this sketch, the welder fully engaged the female pipe end and then extracted it approximately 1/16 inch to allow for the pipe end expansion during welding and to prevent fillet cracking. Unacceptable – If the gap is zero prior to welding, cracking at the fillet could occur due to the high heat of the molten weld puddle during welding. The pipe end will expand onto the socket seating surface, causing excessive stresses potentially leading to fillet weld cracking. If the joint has no gap after welding, this is typically not a problem since the differential temperatures between the socket fitting and the mating pipe would not be significantly different to cause a problem. The only possible problem that could occur is if the socket fitting and the pipe are of dissimilar metals with widely differing coefficients of expansion. Unacceptable – In sketch C, the gap is excessive and in this case there is insufficient pipe penetration in the socket fitting to provide the required strength to the joint, especially in the case of bending loads. The welding profile is not affected, but the joint may not meet design requirements. Socket Welding • Design – 311.2.5 • Welding – 328.5.2 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements – 331 & Table 331.1.1, F331.1 P# Weld Metal Analysis A-Number Applicability Metal Temperature Range Holding Time versus Thickness Brinell Hardness, Maximum Hold Time hrs/in (min/mm) Minimum Hold Time, hrs P-1 1 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 3/4 inch (19.0 mm); otherwise applicable. 1100 to 1200˚F (593 to 649˚C) 1, (2.4) 1 200 (recommended only) P-3 2, 11 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 3/4 inch (19.0 mm); and the Tensile Strength of the material is ≤ 490 MPa (71 ksi); otherwise applicable. 1100 to 1325˚F (593 to 718˚C) 1, (2.4) 1 225 P-4 3 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 1/2 inch (12.7 mm); and the Tensile Strength of the material is ≤ 490 MPa (71 ksi); otherwise applicable. 1300 to 1375˚F (704 to 746˚C) 1, (2.4) 2 225 P-5A, P-5B and P-5C 4, 5 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 1/2 inch (12.7 mm); and ≤ 3% Cr and ≤ 0.15% C. Mandatory in all cases when > 3% Cr or > 0.15% C; otherwise applicable. 1300 to 1400˚F (704 to 760˚C) 1, (2.4) 2 241 P-6 6 All cases are applicable. 1350 to 1450˚F (732 to 788˚C) 1, (2.4) 2 241 P-7 7 PWHT is not required. N/A P-8 8, 9 PWHT is not required. N/A P-9A, P-9B 10 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 3/4 inch (19.0 mm); otherwise applicable. 1100 to 1175˚F (593 to 635˚C) 1/2, (1.2) 1 P-10 All cases are applicable. 1400 to 1500˚F (760 to 816˚C) 1/2, (1.2) 1/2 Reference Table Cross-Referencing ISO Rating versus Cold Pressure and ANSI Class Designation Nominal Pressure Class (ISO) Maximum Cold Working Pressure Rating (kPa) ANSI Class Designation PN 20 1900 150 PN 50 4960 300 PN 68 6620 400 PN 100 9930 600 PN 150 14890 900 PN 250 24820 1500 PN 420 41370 2500 Notes: 1. “PN” is “pressure nominal.” The PN system of nominal pressure class designation is contained in the standards prepared by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The numerical part of the designation is approximately the maximum cold working pressure rating in bars (100 kPa). 2. ANSI Class designations are designations given to valves and fittings to indicate the manufacturing dimensions and maximum allowable non-shock working pressure considering the material used and the operating pressure and temperature. B31.3 – Acceptance Criteria –Circumferential Welds Based on Visual Examination Discontinuity B31.3 – Normal B31.3 – Severe B31.3 – Category D Crack Zero allowed Zero allowed Zero allowed Lack of Fusion Zero allowed Zero allowed Zero allowed Incomplete Penetration Lesser of 1 mm (1/32 in) or 0.2Tw 38 mm (1.5 in) in any 150 mm (6 in) of weld Zero allowed Lesser of 1 mm (1/32 in) or 0.2Tw 38 mm (1.5 in) in any 150 mm (6 in) of weld Undercutting Lesser of 1 mm (1/32 in) or Tw /4 Zero allowed Lesser of 1 mm (1/32 in) or T w /4 Surface Porosity Zero allowed Zero allowed Zero allowed Exposed Slag Inclusions Zero allowed Zero allowed Zero allowed Concave Root Surface Not less than total joint thickness, Tw , including allowable reinforcement. Not less than total joint thickness, Tw , including allowable reinforcement. Not less than total joint thickness, Tw , including allowable reinforcement. Remarks: Tw is the nominal wall thickness Fluid Services – 300.2 Definitions Category Fluid Service Design Material RT, UT MT or PT VT LT D Category D Least stringent Least stringent Not required Not required Required Not required M Category M Chap. VIII More stringent requirements More stringent 20% Not required 100% Required N Normal requirements General requirements General requirements 5% Not required 5% see note (4) Required K High pressure Chap. IX Most stringent Most stringent 100% See note (1) 100% Required SC Severe cyclic *See 302.3.5 for reduction factor, f Must consider cycles, N and stress reduction factor, f More stringent 100% See note (2) 100% Required Notes: 1. Although MT or PT is not required for the piping the nozzles are expected to be of radiographic quality. 2. MT or PT is required on any branch connections not radiographed and on socket welds. 3. In-process examination as per B31.3 paragraph 344.7 can be used to replace radiography and ultrasonic examination for category M, N and SC but NOT for K. 4. Visual examination is also required on a random basis at receiving and during fabrication and erection. Definitions: RT - Radiography MT – Magnetic Particle Examination PT – Penetrant Examination LT - Leak Testing VT – Visual Examination Pressure Vessel CHART | AUGUST 2011 junewarren-nickles.com If you would like additional copies of this chart or have questions/comments, please call 1.800.563.2946 or email [email protected]. Every precaution has been taken to prevent errors or omissions and the publisher assumes no responsibility for damages caused by any errors or omissions. Edmonton: 6111 - 91 Street NW, T6E 6V6 Phone: 780.944.9333 Fax: 780.944.9500 Toll Free: 1.800.563.2946 Calgary: 2nd Floor, 816 - 55 Avenue NE, T2E 6Y4 Phone: 403.209.3500 Fax: 403.245.8666 Toll Free: 1.800.387.2446 CALGARY - 403.258.3680 CROSSFIELD - 403.946.5678 SASKATOON - 306.242.8900 EMAIL - sales@maxfield.ca #5, 53016 Highway 60, Acheson, AB T7X 5A7 Ph: (780) 962-0103 Fax: (780) 962-2404 www.provmfg.ca 1.866.962.0103 “Quality & Service is the heart of our business” ASME sec. VIII div. 1 pressure vessels ASME B31.1 & B31.3 pressure piping Field maintenance and construction CWB Certified National Board Certified ASME “U” Certified Manufacturer Module Construction DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE: Our largest product is the value we pass on to our customers. www.edmontonexchanger.com Creang Value for our Customers Wouldn’t you rather have one supplier to meet all of your Custom Steel Fabricaon and Plant Maintenance requirements? Edmonton Exchanger features a wide range of products and services for applicaons in various industries that include oil and gas, petrochemical and power generaon. Our custom steel forming division specializes in the fabrication of large-scale pressure vessel components, and features steel forming capacies that are some of the largest of their kind. We also provide on-site plant maintenance services for refineries, ferlizer plants and the petrochemical industry. Our services range from controlled bolng and portable field machining, to complete turn-key plant and refinery shutdown projects. “Industry Leading Quality & Service Since 1987” Specialists in internal & external coating applications Epoxies Metallizing Fibreglass Linings Plural Spray Pipe Tanks Vessels Towers Valves 6150 - 76 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6B 0A6 Phone (780) 440-2855 Fax (780) 440-1050 100% Canadian Owned www.brotherscoating.com W W

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Pressure Vessel Chart

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Page 1: Pressure Vessel Chart August 2011

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Blanks – 304.5.3

Non-pressure parts, UG-4, 22, 54, 55, 82,UW-27, 28, 29, UHT-85, ULW-22, ULT-30

Saddle-type nozzle, cat. “D,” UW-2,3, 11, 16, UHT-17, 18

Cat. “B” welded joint, UW-2, 3, 11

Openings, UG-36 to 42, ULW-16, 18, Appx. 1-7, L-7

Cat. “C” welded joint, UW-2, 3, 11, 16,UNF-19, UHT-17, ULW-17, ULT-17

Full-faced gasket, Appx. 1-6

Spherically dished covers, UG-11, 35, UCI-35, UCD-35, Appx. 1-6

Bolted �ange connections, UG-44, Appx. 2 and Y

Slip-on �ange, UG-11, 44

Nuts & washers, UG-13, UCS-11, UNF-13, UHA-13, Appx. 2-2

Protective devices, UG-125 to 136 incl.,Appx. 11, Appx. M

Lap joint & loose type �ange,UG-11, 44, Appx. 2, Appx. S, Y

Head skirt, UG-32, UG-33, UW-13

Inside edges, UG-76Multiple openings, UG-42, 53

Tolera

nce, UG-81, U

F-29Forming, UG-79, 96, UF-28,

UCS-79, UNF-77, UHT-79, ULT-79

Attachment details, UW-9, 13,33, UHT-20, ULW-17, ULT-17

Openings in or adjacent to welds, UG-36, UW-14, ULT-18

Cat. “A” longitudinal joint, UW-2, 3, 9, 12,33, 35, UCS-19, UNF-19, UHA-21,UHT-17, 20, ULW-17, ULT-17

Backing strip, UW-2, TABLE,UW-12, 16, 35

Reinforcement of openings, with pad,UG-36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 82,UW-14, 15, 16, UHT-18, ULW-18,Appx. 1-7, L-7

Internal structures, UG-5, Appx. D

Category “D” welded joint, UW-2, 3,11, 16, 18, UHT-17, 18

Tolerance, UG-80, UF-27, Appx. L-4

Flange attachment, UW-2,15, 16, ULW-18

Manhole cover plate,UG-11, 34, 46

Cat. “C” welded joint,UW-2, 3, 11

Junction weld, UW-9

Material and Heat Treatment TablePlate UG-5, 10, 16, 76, 79, UW-9, UCS-6, UNF-6Forgings UG-6, 11, Part UF, UCS-7, UNF-7Castings UG-7, 11, 24, UCS-8, UNF-8, UHA-8, Part UCI, Part 400, Appx. 7Pipes & Tubes UG-8, 10, 16, 31, UCS-9, 27Heat Treatment UG-11, 85, UW-10, 40, 49, UCS-56, 85, UNF-56, UHA-32, 105, UCL-34, UF-31, 52, UHT-56, 80, 81, ULW-26, ULT-56

Nozzle neck, UG-11, 16, 43, 45, UW-13, 16, UHT-18, ULW-18

Ellipsoidal heads, UG-16, 81, UCS-79Internal pres., UG-32, UHT-32, Appx. 1, Appx. L-1External pres., UG-33, UHT-33, Appx. L-6

Studs & bolts, UG-12, UCS-10, UNF-12, UHA-12, UCI-12, UCD-12,Appx. 2-2, Appx. 24

Applied linings, integrally clad plate,UG-26, part UCL, Appx. F

Corrosion, UG-16, UG-25, UF-25, NF-13, UHA-6, UCL-25, UHT-25, Appx. E

Plug welds, UW-17, UW-37

Stiffener plate, UG-5, 22, 54, 82

Structural attachments,UG-5, 22, 54, 82,UHT-28, 85, ULW-22, ULT-30, Appx. G

Bellows-type expansion joints,Appx. 26

Jacketed vessel closure ring, Appx. 9

Welded stayed construction, UG-47, UW-19, 37

Bars, structural shapes & stays,UG-14, UW-19

Stayed surfaces, UG-27, 47

Staybolts, UG-14, 47-50, 83, UW-19

Telltale holes for corrosion,UG-25, UCL-25, ULW-76

Support skirt, UG-5, 22, 54, UHT-85,ULW-22, ULT-30, Appx. G

Conical shell reducer, UG-32, 33, 36,UHT-19, Appx. 1-5

Studded connections, UG-12, 43, 44, UW-16

Optional type �ange, UG-14, 44, UW-13, Appx. 2, S, Y

Bolted �ange, ring gasket, Appx. 2, Y

Flued openings, UG-32, 38, 46

Yoke, UG-11

Inspection openings, UG-46External pres., UG-33, UHT-33Internal pres., UG-32, UHT-32, Appx. 1-4Torispherical head, UG-16, 81

Knuckle radius, UG-32, UCS-79, Appx. 1-4

Fillet welds, UW-9, 12, 13, 18, 36, UCL-46

Head attachment, UW-12, 13, UHT-34, ULW-17

Threaded openings, UG-36, 43, 46

Small welded �ttings, UG-43, UW-15, 16

Conical heads, UHT-19Internal pres., UG-32, UHT-32, Appx. 1-4, 5External pres., UG-33, UHT-33, Appx. L-6

One-half Apex angle, UG-32, 33, UW-3, Appx. 1-5

Reinforcing ring for conical reducers, Appx. 1-5, 8

Telltale hole, UG-25, UW-15, UCL-25

Weld neck & integral type �ange, UG-11, 44, Appx. 2, S

Tubes, UG-8, 16, 27, 28, 31, UCS-9

Tube to tube sheets joints,UW-13, 18, 37, Appx. A

Tube sheet design,Appx. AA, U-2(g), TEMA, BS 5500

Blind �ange & �at headbolted, UG-11, 34, 44

Offset type attachment (joggle joint)containing a long seam, UW-13(b)

Cat. “B” circumferential joints, UW-2, 3, 9, 12, 33, 35,UHT-17, 20, ULW-17, ULT-17, UNF-19, UHA-21, UCS-19

Corner joints, UG-93, UW-9, 13, 18

Welded �at heads, UG-34, UW-13, ULW-17

Opening in �at heads, UG-39

Side plates, rectangular vessels, UW-13, Appx. 13

Welded connection, UW-15, 16, UHT-17, 18,ULW-18, ULT-17, 18

Stiffening rings, UG-29, 30, UCS-29, 30,UNF-30, UHA-29, 30, UHT-28, 29, 30, Appx. L

Shell thickness, UG-16, UCS-27Internal pres., UG-27, Appx. 1, LExternal pres., UG-28, UCS-28,UNF-28, UHA-28, UCI-28, UCD-28, UHT-27,ULW-16, Appx. L

Unequal thickness, UW-9, 13, 33, 42, UHT-34

Hemispherical head, UG-16, 81, UCS-79, UHT-34Internal pres., UG-32, UHT-32, Appx. 1 External pres., UG-33, UHA-31, UHT-33, Appx. L

Baf�e, UG-5

Jacketed vessels, UG-27, 28, 47,ULW-22, Appx. 9

Materials• Piping – 305• Fittings – 306• Listed Materials – 323.1.1• Unknown Materials – 323.1.2• Reclaimed Materials – 321.4• Temperature Limitations – 323.2• Component Standards – 326• Basic Allowable Stresses – Table A-1• Design Stress Values Bolting Materials – Table A-2

Welded Joint – 311• Procedure Qualifications – 328.2.1, 328.2.2• Performance Qualifications – 328.2.1, 328.2.3• Preparation for Welding – 328.4• End Preparation – 328.4.2• Alignment – 328.4.3• Welding Requirements – 328.5• Weld Repair – 328.6• Weld Preheating – 330, Table 330.1.1• Weld Heat Treatment – 331, Table 331.1.1• Hardness Testing – 331.1.7• Nondestructive Examination – 341 to 344• Pressure Testing – 345• Record – 346

Longitudinal Weld JointQuality Factor• Table 302.3.4

Typical SMAW Tack Welds Including Bridge Tacks – .5.1 (c)

(a) The above depicts a typical tack weld (end view and side view) to a single-vee groove weld. If the weld is not prepared for the root pass, weld defects can occur.

(c) In the above sketch, the welder has deposited a “bridge tack.” The joint has been “�tted” with a temporary tack.The welder, as he (or she) completes the root pass, grinds out the bridge tack before completing the root pass over the area.Bridge tacks must be removed since they usually exhibit incomplete penetration.

(b) In the sketch above, the welder has ground the tacks to a “feather edge.” The welder, when completing the root pass, can now weld onto the tack and break the arc on the tack and provide a correct tie-in.

End View Side View Feathered-Edge

Alignment – 335• Piping Distortion – 335.1(a)• Cold Spring – 335.1(b)• Flanged Joints – 335.1(c)

Valves – 307, F307

Elbows – 304.2.2

Tees – 304.3.1(a)(1)

Concentric Reducer – 304.6

Inspection – 341.4.1, 341.4.2, 341.4.3

Expansion Joints– 304.7.4, F304.7.4

Assembly & Erection

X X

XX XX

X

XX X X X

X

X X

XX

X

X

X

XX X

X

XX

X X

XX

XX

X

X XX

X

X

XX X

X

XX

XX

X X

XX

PipingSupport – 321, F321• Materials – 321.1.4• Fixtures – 321.2• Attachments – 321.3• Connections – 321.4• Inspection – 341.4.1(a)(5)

PipingFlexibility – 319• Cold Spring – 319.2.4

Pressure Relief Piping& Stop Valves – F322.6

DischargePiping – 322.6.2

Pressure Relieving Systems – 301.2.2, 322.6

Stop Valvesin PressureRelief Piping – 322.6.1, F322.6

Pipe Bends – 304.2.1, 306.2, Fig. 319.4.4A• Bending & Forming – 332• Flattening – 332.2.1• Temperature – 332.2.2

Intrados

R

Extrados

Branch ConnectionsDesign – 304.1, Appendix 14• Preparation – Fig. 328.4.4, Fig. 328.5.2A• Welding – Fig. 328.5.4, Fig. 328.5.4D

Gaskets – 308.4– F308.4

Bolting – 309, F309

Flange Facings – 308.3

Wall Thicknessof Weld Caps – 304.4

Pipe Wall Thickness – 304.1.1, 304.1.2• For Internal Pressure – 304.1.1, 304.1.2• For External Pressure – 304.1.3

Flanges• General – 304.5.1• Blind Flanges – 304.5.2• Specific Requirements – 308.2, F308.2• Flanged Joints – 312, F312, 335.2• Flange Welds – Fig. 328.5.2B

1/16 inch (1.6 mm)

Thicker pipe trimmed to 30 degrees maximum.

Thinner pipe tapered to thethicker pipe by providing a taper weld inside the pipe diameter.

Tapered Fit to Match Alignment Tolerance – Fig. 328.4.3

Tapered Fit to Match Alignment Tolerance

Above �anges have been backwelded. Above �ange has not been backwelded.This is for special cases only and needs to be approved by the designer.

Xmin. is 1.4 of the thickness of the pipe or the thickness of the hub, whichever is smaller.

Thickness of pipe or 1/4 inch, whichever is less

No backweld completedThickness of pipe or 1/4 inch, whichever is less

Slip-On Flanges

X min.X min.

X min. X min.X min.

• Design – 308.2.1 • Fabrication – Fig. 328.5.2B, 335.1(c), 335.2

g

m

g mg

m

Typical for a “Set In” Branch Connec tion – Fig. 328.4.4 (c)

Welds must be full penetration

Code Reference: ASME B31.3 - Figure 382.4.4. No such reference in ASME B31.1.By code: m = 1/8 inch or 0.5 Tb, whichever is less. Tb = nominal thickness of the branch connection.Example branch connection is NPS 4 Schedule 80. Tb = 0.337 inches. 0.5(0.337) = 0.1685.Since 0.1685 is greater than 0.125 inches, m = 0.125 inches in this case.However, if NPS 4 Schedule 40 is used where Tb = 0.237 inches. 0.5(0.237) = 0.11845 inches. Therefore m = 3/32 inches.The root spacing is defined as “g,” which is specified in the Welding Procedure Specification. Typical is 1/8, 1/32 inch.

g – root gap and is typically 1/8, 1/32 inch.

The protrusion of the connection through the pipe run cannot be less than zero, meaning that the connection must fully penetrate through the run pipe. If not, the weld strength can be affected due to the loss of deposited weld metal.

ASME B31.3 does not specify a maximum protrusion from a design point of view. The protrusion is not relevant (providing it is greater than zero). However, excessive protrusion can affect fluid flow and contribute to erosion and corrosion at the site of the protrusion. Therefore, specifying m as follows is realistic:

m = +1/16

-0

Pressure Piping

Pressure Vessel

Valve Marking Requirements • Design - 307 • Materials – 323 & 325 • Others – F307Markings Location of Markings

1 Standard Designation Nameplate2 Manufacturer’s Name or Trademark Both Body and Nameplate3 Manufacturer’s Identifying Reference for the Valve Design such as

a Figure Number or a Catalogue NumberBoth Body and Nameplate

4 ANSI Class Rating and/or Nominal Pressure Class Nameplate5 Impact Test Temperature Nameplate6 Maximum Cold Working Pressure Nameplate7 Limiting Maximum Temperature, if less than 120˚C Nameplate8 Body Material Standard or Specification. Melt Identification if made of Alloy Steel Both Body and Nameplate9 Trim Identification. Symbols indicating the Material of the Stem and Sealing Faces

of the Closure Members if different from the Valve Body (see MSS-SP-25)Nameplate

10 Valves for Sour Service are Marked “SOUR” Nameplate11 Nominal Valve Size Nameplate12 Ring-joint Designation if Applicable. The letter “R” and a number indicating the ring size Rim of the end of the End Flange13 Flow Direction (for unidirectional valves such as check and globe valves) On Body14 Where required, mark 6D4 and the appropriate face-to-face or end-to-end dimension Nameplate15 Serial Number Both Body and Nameplate

Seal Welding Practice • Design – 311.2.7 • Welding – 328.5.3

AcceptableIn the above, the fillet weld has covered all exposed threads.

UnacceptableIn the above, the fillet has not adequately covered all exposed threads, increasing stresses at the weld to thread area.

Threaded Connections • Design - 314• Assembly - 335.3

Weld Reinforcement Requirements – ASME B31.3 – Process Piping

Base Metal Thickness (inches) Maximum Allowable Reinforcement (inches)

Up to _ inclusive 1/16Over _ to 1 inch inclusive 3/32Over 1 inch to 2 inclusive 1/16Over 2 inch 5/32

Preheat Requirements – ASME B31.3 – 330 & Table 330.1.1

P# Parameter (Tensile Strength, Thickness and Carbon Content)

Minimum Temperature for Canadian Climates

All P#s All Cases 50˚F (10˚C)

P-1 > 1 inch (25.0 mm), or All Carbon Steels with a Tensile Strength of greater than 71 ksi (490 MPa) 175˚F (80˚C)

P-3 Specified Minimum Tensile Strength > 71,000 psi (490 MPa) and/or > 1/2 inch (13.0 mm) 175˚F (80˚C)

P-4 All Cases 300˚F (149˚C)

P-5A, P-5B and P-5C All Cases 350˚F (177˚C)

P-6 All Cases 300˚F (149˚C) with a Maximum Interpass Temperature of 600˚F (316˚C)

P-7 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C)

P-8 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C)

P-9A All Cases 250˚F (120˚C)

P-9B All Cases 300˚F (150˚C)

P-10 All Cases 300 - 400˚F (149 - 204˚C)

P-10I All Cases 300˚F (149˚C) with a Maximum Interpass Temperature of 450˚F (230˚C)

P21 – P52 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C)

PIIA – SG1 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C)

PIIA – SG2 All Cases 50˚F (10˚C)

P# Typical Composition

P-8 High Alloy - Austenitic Stainless Steel

P-9 Nickel-Alloyed (for toughness considerations at low temperatures)

P-10 Broad Range of Materials; Mainly Oxidation Resistant

P-11 9% Nickel - Cryogenic Service Considerations and High Tensile Strength (115,000 PSI)

P-21 – P-23 Aluminum and Aluminum-Based Alloys

P-31 – P-35 Copper and Copper-Based Alloys

P-41 – P-46 Nickel and Nickel-Based Alloys

P-51 – P-52 Titanium and Titanium-Based Alloys

P-61 – P-62 Zirconium and Zirconium-Based Alloys

P-Numbers

P# Typical Composition

P-1 Carbon Steel

P-2 Wrought Iron

P-3 Low Alloy (3/4% Chrome)

P-4 Low Alloy (2% Chrome)

P-5A Alloy 2.25 to 3% Chrome

P-5B Alloy 5 to 9% Chrome

P-5C Alloy 2.25% Chrome; 1/2% Molybdenum

P-6 High Alloy - Martensitic Stainless Steel

P-7 High Alloy - Ferritic Stainless Steel

Material Identification Requirements – 323, 326

Material Identification Requirements Product Form

Methods of Marking: Die Stamp, Stencil, Forge, Cast, Rolling, Tagging

Marking Information Plat

e

Pipe

Tube

s

Forg

ings

Cast

ings

Bolti

ng

Nuts

Wel

ding

M

ater

ials

Name of Brand or Manufacturer X X X X X X X

Heat and/or Slab X X X

Serial Number X

Lot Number X X

Specification Number X X X X X

Grade X X X X X X X

Type X

Class X

Kind of Pipe/Tube Weld: Furnace Butt Weld, Seamless or Electric Resistance Weld X

Length X

Size X X

Designation of Service Rating X

Schedule Number X

Letter Designation: from material specification for alloy type X

Line Under Symbol if Strain Hardened X

“MT” Heat Treated at Producing Mill X

“WR” Weld Repair X

“W” Weld Repair X

“NH” Not Hydrotested X

“S” Compliance with Supplemental Requirements X

“QT” Quench and Tempered X

Manufacturer’s Test “ID” No. on Each Test Specimen X

Charpy Impacts - ID on a Raised Pad X

Process of Manufacture X X

Control Number X

Classification Number X

Weight X

Sour Service (marked usually as “SS”) X X X

“G” Specimens Heat Treated at Producing Mill; plate to be heat treated at a later date by the purchaser X

C

A

B

Acceptable (Fig. 328.5.2c) – In this sketch, the welder fully engaged the female pipe end and then extracted it approximately 1/16 inch to allow for the pipe end expansion during welding and to prevent fillet cracking.

Unacceptable – If the gap is zero prior to welding, cracking at the fillet could occur due to the high heat of the molten weld puddle during welding. The pipe end will expand onto the socket seating surface, causing excessive stresses potentially leading to fillet weld cracking.

If the joint has no gap after welding, this is typically not a problem since the differential temperatures between the socket fitting and the mating pipe would not be significantly different to cause a problem. The only possible problem that could occur is if the socket fitting and the pipe are of dissimilar metals with widely differing coefficients of expansion.

Unacceptable – In sketch C, the gap is excessive and in this case there is insufficient pipe penetration in the socket fitting to provide the required strength to the joint, especially in the case of bending loads. The welding profile is not affected, but the joint may not meet design requirements.

Socket Welding • Design – 311.2.5 • Welding – 328.5.2

Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements – 331 & Table 331.1.1, F331.1

P#

Weld Metal Analysis

A-Number Applicability

MetalTemperature

Range

Holding Time versus Thickness

Brinell Hardness,Maximum

Hold Timehrs/in (min/mm)

Minimum HoldTime, hrs

P-1 1 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 3/4 inch (19.0 mm); otherwise applicable.

1100 to 1200˚F(593 to 649˚C)

1, (2.4) 1 200(recommended only)

P-3 2, 11 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 3/4 inch (19.0 mm); and the Tensile Strength of the material is ≤ 490 MPa (71 ksi); otherwise applicable.

1100 to 1325˚F(593 to 718˚C)

1, (2.4) 1 225

P-4 3 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 1/2 inch (12.7 mm); and the Tensile Strength of the material is ≤ 490 MPa (71 ksi); otherwise applicable.

1300 to 1375˚F(704 to 746˚C)

1, (2.4) 2 225

P-5A, P-5B and P-5C

4, 5 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 1/2 inch (12.7 mm); and ≤ 3% Cr and ≤ 0.15% C. Mandatory in all cases when > 3% Cr or > 0.15% C; otherwise applicable.

1300 to 1400˚F(704 to 760˚C)

1, (2.4) 2 241

P-6 6 All cases are applicable. 1350 to 1450˚F(732 to 788˚C)

1, (2.4) 2 241

P-7 7 PWHT is not required. N/A — — —

P-8 8, 9 PWHT is not required. N/A — — —

P-9A, P-9B 10 Not mandatory if nominal thickness ≤ 3/4 inch (19.0 mm); otherwise applicable.

1100 to 1175˚F(593 to 635˚C)

1/2, (1.2) 1 —

P-10 — All cases are applicable. 1400 to 1500˚F(760 to 816˚C)

1/2, (1.2) 1/2 —

Reference Table

Cross-Referencing ISO Rating versus Cold Pressure and ANSI Class Designation

Nominal Pressure Class (ISO) Maximum Cold Working Pressure Rating (kPa)

ANSI Class Designation

PN 20 1900 150

PN 50 4960 300

PN 68 6620 400

PN 100 9930 600

PN 150 14890 900

PN 250 24820 1500

PN 420 41370 2500

Notes:

1. “PN” is “pressure nominal.” The PN system of nominal pressure class designation is contained in the standards prepared by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The numerical part of the designation is approximately the maximum cold working pressure rating in bars (100 kPa).

2. ANSI Class designations are designations given to valves and fittings to indicate the manufacturing dimensions and maximum allowable non-shock working pressure considering the material used and the operating pressure and temperature.

B31.3 – Acceptance Criteria – Circumferential Welds Based on Visual Examination

Discontinuity B31.3 – Normal B31.3 – Severe B31.3 – Category D

Crack Zero allowed Zero allowed Zero allowed

Lack of Fusion Zero allowed Zero allowed Zero allowed

Incomplete Penetration

Lesser of 1 mm (1/32 in) or 0.2Tw 38 mm (1.5 in) in any 150 mm (6 in) of weld

Zero allowed Lesser of 1 mm (1/32 in) or 0.2Tw 38 mm (1.5 in) in any 150 mm (6 in) of weld

Undercutting Lesser of 1 mm (1/32 in) or Tw/4

Zero allowed Lesser of 1 mm (1/32 in) or Tw/4

Surface Porosity Zero allowed Zero allowed Zero allowed

Exposed Slag Inclusions

Zero allowed Zero allowed Zero allowed

Concave Root Surface

Not less than total joint thickness, Tw, including allowable reinforcement.

Not less than total joint thickness, Tw, including allowable reinforcement.

Not less than total joint thickness, Tw, including allowable reinforcement.

Remarks: Tw is the nominal wall thickness

Fluid Services – 300.2 Definitions

Category Fluid Service Design Material RT, UT MT or PT VT LT

D Category D Least stringent

Least stringent Not required

Not required Required Not required

M Category M Chap. VIII

More stringent requirements

More stringent 20% Not required 100% Required

N Normal requirements

General requirements

General requirements

5% Not required 5% see note (4)

Required

K High pressure Chap. IX

Most stringent Most stringent 100% See note (1) 100% Required

SC Severe cyclic *See 302.3.5 for reduction factor, f

Must consider cycles, N and stress

reduction factor, f

More stringent 100% See note (2) 100% Required

Notes:1. Although MT or PT is not required for the piping the nozzles are expected to be of radiographic quality.2. MT or PT is required on any branch connections not radiographed and on socket welds.3. In-process examination as per B31.3 paragraph 344.7 can be used to replace radiography

and ultrasonic examination for category M, N and SC but NOT for K.4. Visual examination is also required on a random basis at receiving and during fabrication and erection.

Definitions:RT - Radiography MT – Magnetic Particle Examination PT – Penetrant ExaminationLT - Leak Testing VT – Visual Examination

PressureVessel Chart | aUGUSt 2011

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