BRAIN GAIN Promoting Research and

Innovation

SAMANVAYA A Government and Private collaboration to promote R&D in India

1) Kumari Shikha 2) Shubhanshu Dubey 3) Archit Jain 4) Dhruv Narayan 5) Puneet Pandey IIT Roorkee

What may be the causes? Why this topic is important?

•Lack of trained people:

Research infrastructure is largely

unutilised due to shortage of scientists

and researchers.

•Education system:

Indian Education System aims at

‘Eligibility for job’ rather than knowledge.

•Brain Drain:

We make excellent engineers and

technicians who finally go abroad for

higher studies and do not contribute in

their mother nation.

•Less pay :

This is another reason why people

choose to move abroad to conduct

research.

•Of the four Indians to win the Nobel Prize in science,

only one, C V Raman, was awarded for research

work done in his own country.

•India ranks 21st in terms of output of research

papers in science,

119th in terms of research papers of any worthwhile

contribution.

• The number of R&D scientists and engineers per

million of the population is 157 in India. This is one

fifth the ratio in South Korea, and one thirtieth the

ratio of countries like the USA and Japan

•India accounts for a meagre 3.5% of all global

research output.

• India ranks 66th in the Global Innovation Index, well

behind China which ranked 35

• India spent only 2.9% of the world’s total

expenditure on research against China which spent

14.2%

• India filed only 0.3% of the total world patents in

2010, compared to China, which filed as many as

15%

•Not even 1 Indian university ranks among the Top

100 Global Universities.

Proposed Solution

Private industry

Government research lab

Employees with research experience in hi-tech labs

Employees having research oriented minds

• Inviting some employees with research oriented minds for a 2-3 months period from Private Companies which do not have their own R & D setups.

• Providing them access to the Government funded, high technology, world class laboratories.

• Interaction with the highly skilled scientists will strengthen their research skills.

• The employees will then encourage research activities in their respective companies.

THE CONCEPT

Introducing SAMANVAYA

Advertisements on television and newspapers Links on home pages of government websites (MHRD,NIF sites) Presenting and discussing the idea at meetings and conferences of eminent business groups and forums (FICCI,CII etc)

The HR department of the company will be in direct contact with the Samanvaya

Interested employees of the company can create their profiles on the portal (like LinkedIn)

Once accepted, the company will be provided an account on the portal of Samanvaya

The Company will be asked to provide information such as

*Registration and Legal information

*Area of working of the company (type of manufacturing or services)

*General profile of employees

*Present R&D facilities and research undertakings by the companies.

Apply through the portal link available on www.nif.org.in

Information about the project will include:

• Detailed description of the project (objective, period, field of research, etc.)

• Chief Mentor or guide

• Team including scientists and research scholars and their profiles

• Salary or incentive to be provided to the selected candidates.

• Minimum eligibility and preferred background of the applicants

A list of all undergoing and future projects will be available on

the portal

Process of selection will include:

• Shortlisting on the basis of resume of the employee

• Interviews : Personal/Telephonic/Online

• Accessing employees performance record from the company.

Employees can apply directly through their

accounts

FUNDING

The company will continue to pay the employee for the research period.

The Government will give some additional stipend.

If the research achieves a breakthrough or results in a marketable innovation , royalty will bring more funds.

In the long run, companies may take more interest in this

program and invest in the Government research labs.

Immediate effects of solution

• There will be a rise in export of the country which will directly help in increasing the foreign exchange reserve.

• Gradual increase in investment in research and development will be observed.

• More number of patents will be registered within the country.

• A huge hike in the number of R&D centers will be there

Scalability of the Solution

• Presently, only around 6% of total Micro Small Medium Enterprises (15 lacs approximately) around in India are registered with the Government

• To cover more and more enterprises, there is a need to increase the number of registered enterprises with the Government.

National Innovation

Council

State Innovation

Councils

District Innovation

Councils

To improve the scalabilty, there is a need of formation of Innovation Councils at State and District level to : • Encourage MSME to participate in

Samanvaya • Identify and reward Industries and

disseminate success stories related to Samanvaya

Sustainability of the solution

• Research and Development is an ever lasting process

• New and cheaper technological solutions will continue to attract the companies and professionals

• To ensure competitiveness in the market, more and more companies will try to join this venture and be a part of it.

• Small and Medium Scale Enterprises would be encouraged to open their own R&D centers.

• Opening of new R&D centers will lead to creation of more jobs in the field of research and students will be encouraged to take research as their career field

Employee will give a presentation on the project he underwent to representatives of both the Govt. and the Company and also suggest any modifications in the form of feedback system.

The officials of NIC will monitor the project progress report weekly in terms of expenditure and percentage completion.

Proper recruiting mechanism to ascertain if the employees elected are best possible. The mechanism includes: 1. Shortlisting through resumes 2. Written test on the subject relevant to project 3. Personal Interviews

Monitoring Mechanisms

Legal

Conflict between Govt. and Company over the responsibility for any mishap or loss during the employees’ stay with the Government Mitigation • Legal agreement between the Company and the Govt. stating the authority responsible for

any mishap or accident while the employee is under the project. • The agreement also clarifies various topics including insurance cover of employee,

bearers(in case of any loss during the project).

Implementation

Large number of research projects required to allow participation of more and more enterprises, otherwise enterprises may withdraw due to lack of interest. Mitigation A system would be set up where the enterprises tell about the technical problems faced by them and fields where improvement or optimization is still required to the NIC.

CHALLENGES AND MITIGATION

Political

• Bias towards the companies supporting the political party in power • Lobbying by well established companies to get the tender

Mitigation Fixing the percentage of employees to be recruited from Micro ( fixed assets < 25 lacs), Small (25 lacs – 5crore), Medium ( 5 – 10 crore) and Large ( >10 crore) Enterprises depending upon

•

Social

Employee may take time to shift from work culture of corporate world to research world.

Mitigation Orientation programme for the employees recruited to make them feel comfortable in new working environment.

o Employment under each category o Gross Output of each sector o Total Fixed Assets of each sector

Above data is provided by Census of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)

Appendix

• http://www.nif.org.in/ (National Innovation Foundation) • Press Information Bureau, Government of India • Coomi Kapoor, Poverty of research in India • Amrita Jain, The sad tale of PhDs in India • India Today /India /North/Story, President Pranab Mukherjee urges private sector to

contribute more to research and development in country • Final Report Fourth all India Census of MSME