prevalence of schistosomiasis as reported by the station __________________________________________...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
220 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION
__________________________________________
Prevalence (%)
No. of Overall
Persons S. Haema- S.Man- Preva Station Examined tobium soni lence+
____________________________________________
Al Baha 20.142 -- 13.0 13.0
Jizan 30.883 7.0 1.2 8.2
Taif 39.559 0.2 7.7 7.9
Abha 23.013 1.7 4.9 6.6
Madinah 17.591 1.9 3.6 5.5
![Page 3: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Prevalence (%)
No. of OverallPersons S. Haema- S.Man- Preva
Station Examined tobium soni lence+____________________________________________
Bisha 16.766 0.4 8.5 8.9Najran 8.820 1.6 9.9 11.5Mahael 5.783 7.6 --- 7.6Hayil 4.335 --- 14.2 12.2Riyadh 15.129 --- 5.6 5.6Makkah 25.894 2.5 3.0 5.5Al-Jouf 12.577 1.3 1.6 2.9
![Page 4: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Portal Vein
![Page 6: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RectalInf. Mesentery
S P
![Page 7: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
KATAYAMA FEVER(KATAYAMA River, Japan)
1. SEVERAL DAYS – 2-3 WEEKS
2. FEVER, CHILLS, HEADACHE, MALAISE, EDEMA, CONFUSION
3. HEPATOSPLENOMEGALLY
4. LYMPHADENOPATHY
5. EOSINOPHILIA
6. CEREBRAL EDEMA (CT)
![Page 8: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
S. MANSONI (SYMPTOMS)SYMPTOM CASES
Abdominal Pain 258
Fatigue 221
Blood in Stool 205
Mucous in Stool 191
Tenesmus 121
Depression 108
Diarrhea 54
1Constipation 1
![Page 9: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Oes. varices
![Page 10: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Communication with
Systemic Circulation
![Page 11: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pulmonary Artery
![Page 12: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BOTH (MANSONI & Haema.)
SYMPTOMS
Haematuria - 11
Abdominal Pain - 7
Tiredness - 7
Frequency - 6
Depression - 4
Tenesmus - 4
Blood in Stool - 3
Mucous in Stool - 3
![Page 13: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
U SCHISTOSOMIASIS
Kidney
U. Bladder
![Page 14: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTISCHISTOSOMAL DRUGS (%)
METRIFONATE OXAMNIQUINE PRAZIQUANTEL SYMPTOMS
40 30 56 NONE
10 36 20 DIZZINESS
12 25 12 ABDOMINAL PAIN
10 12 10 JOINT PAIN
6 10 8 NAUSIA
2 4 6 RASH
![Page 15: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTISCHISTOSOMAL DRUGS (%)
8 10 6 VOMITING
- 10 6 ITCHING
8 12 2 FATIGUE
- - 2 HAIRFALL
2 2 1 CHANGE IN TASTE
4 2 1 DIARRHEA
- 1 - CONVULSION
![Page 16: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
LEISHMANIASIS
It is the result of the infection with one of or other species of protozoa (leishmania). Conveyed by:
Sandflies (Phlebotomus).
Visceral Leishmaniasis: L. donovani
Mucocutaneous : L. Braziliensis
![Page 17: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cutaneous : L. tropica major L. tropica minor
New World : L. Braziliensis L. Mexicana
Oldworld
![Page 18: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
PATHOLOGY
» L. donovani parasitizes the reticu. endoth. cells
» Great proliferation of macrophage
» Cells result: Liver – spleen enlarg.
» The red bone marrow extend.
»
![Page 19: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CLINICAL PICTURE•Incubation : 2 weeks – 18 months
early stages is not easy for diagnose. There is no constant physical signs.
BP , Pulse , - Fever
☺ Changes in the blood picture particularly Leucopenia.☺ Outstanding physical sign is the enlargement of the spleen 3 cm. a month.
![Page 20: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
● Liver : enlarged spleen + liver are neither tender nor painful.
● Sometimes: Jaundice = prognost. Significance
● Enlarged : Lymph node, could be but its not a feature of
the disease.
● Wasting : Emaciated pat with a protuberant
![Page 21: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Abdomen ( liver + spleen enlarged)
●Fever : Without subjective symptoms of fever – no delirium.
● Sometimes: there is no fever
● Skin : dry, rough. The natural pigmentation of the skin over
the bone and around the mouth is deepened. (Kala azar??)
![Page 22: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
● Hair : fallout
● Lungs : Bronchopneumonia
● GIT : Diarrhea, dysentery
![Page 23: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DIAGNOSIS1. Needle aspiration
Bone – sternum – liver, spleenHistology – cultureL. donovani body
2. a. Leucopenia: Neutropenia – relative mononucleosis.
b. Progressive fall with the red cell count
![Page 24: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
3. Formalin gel (aldehyde)
2 drops formalin + 2 ml serum
After 20 min, white ring
4. Complement fixation and fluorescentFalse positive trypanosomal infection
5. The complement fixation – early positive – negative after cure. Sometimes + or – lung. Other diseases.
![Page 25: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
6. Fluorescent antibody
7. IV + V: In trypanosomal infection
8. Skin test (Montenegro)Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
0.2 ml. suspension
![Page 26: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
PROPHYLAXISImmunity: Kala Azar permanent immunity
to all L. Donovani.• L. tropica major crass immunity to L.
tropica minor. Not the opposite.• L. brazillienses to L. mexican + but not vice
versa.
Vaccine: L. tropica major – living leptomonads.
L. donovani: Intradermally or s.c. local leishmanial infection. (Leichmanioma) Developing
immunity. No visceral L.
![Page 27: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TREATMENT1. Antimonial –
i. Urea, stibamine, pentavalen + antmonyia
• I.V. daily or every 2 days
• 6 – 10 dose
• First 100 mg then 200 then 250
• Total dose 2 – 5 g. adult
Side Effect: Nausea, vomiting, joint pain, Abdominal pain, diarrhea
![Page 28: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Contraindication: Liver and kidney failure
ii. Sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam)• I.M. – 600 mg total daily for 6-10 days• Repeated after 14 days; if needed• Side effect: Anaphylactic shock
2. Diamidiem – • Pentamidine isothionate• Dose 3 -4 mg / kg / BW total 300 mg
Side effect: Hypoglycemia
![Page 29: PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AS REPORTED BY THE STATION __________________________________________ Prevalence (%) No. of Overall PersonsS. Haema- S.Man-Preva](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062313/56649d395503460f94a13686/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)