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2006 Mitsubishi Lecture
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Preventative and Holistic Management of Health in a Global Mining Industry
Dr. Peter ShanahanVice President Health BHP Billiton
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Where We WorkWhat We Make
How We Produce
MAY PRODUCE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE HEALTH IMPACTS FOR
WORKFORCE COMMUNITIES CUSTOMERS
1. WORKFORCE HEALTH 2. ENVIRONMENTAL/ PUBLIC HEALTH
3. CONSUMER HEALTH (PRODUCT
LIFE CYCLE)
4. GLOBAL HEALTH ISSUESWITH CORPORATE INTERFACE
OUR AIM IS ZERO HARM
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Health Performance data - Employees• Despite reduction in occupational illness continue to have concern
on exposuresNOISE
- exposures stable - 53% / 54% of employees potentially exposed above Occupational Exposure Limit ( OEL ). Level at which illness will expect to occur throughout working life.
OTHER EXPOSURES- 50 to 100% of OEL - increase in last reporting period of
27% to 30% of employees. Illness is possible at this level
- > 100% of OEL - increase in last reporting 23% to 28%• Strong reliance on PPE• Concern regarding long term health - Carcinogens
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Company Health Targets – Exposure based• Understand and measure exposures
- Met June 2003 target of baseline survey implementation- Close out of baseline exposure surveys across all sites by
June 2008• Reduce exposures year on year
- Have not been showing reduced annual exposures as yet- Use of hierarchy of control other than PPE – 15% reduction by
June 2012• Reduce occupational illness
- Met June 2007 target of 20% reduction on 2003 baseline- New target of 30% reduction by 2010 on 2006 baseline
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Occupational Exposure / Illness% Employees Exposed
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2003 H1 2003 H2 2004 H1 2004 H2 2005 H1 2005 H2 2006 H1
% o
f Em
ploy
ees
50%-100% OEL conditions > 100%OEL conditions > 85+ dBAlaeq conditions
New Cases of Occupational Illness
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2003 H1 2003 H2 2004 H1 2004 H2 2005 H1 2005 H2 2006 H1
Num
ber o
f Em
ploy
ees
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss All Respiratory Disease Repetitive Trauma (excluding noise) Other Illnesses
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Synergistic ExposuresPeripheral Exposures
Poor EquipmentMaintenance and
Service
Exposure Surge
Equipment Failure
Inadequate Training
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PPEOther Hierarchy of Controls
Internal Company Exposure Standards
Standardised Monitoring and Analysis Procedures
Company Hygiene Knowledge BaseManagement Behaviour to Health Risks
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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
BMSWorsleyHillsideBayside
MozalAluminium CSG Total
TintayaSan Manuel Metals & Operations
EscondidaEscondida Ore Delivery Systems Project
Cerro ColoradoCannington, Qld
Escondida Sulphide Leach ProjectSpence
Base Metals CSG Total
Port and RailYarrie
Mt. Whaleback & OB29/30/35Marillana Creek (Yandi)
OB 23 & 25Jimblebar
Mining Area CBoodarie Iron
Goonyella RiversidePeak Downs
SarajiBlackwater
Gregory CrinumNorwich Park
South Walker CreekHay Point
Appin - DouglasDendrobium
Processing and LogisticsElouera
West CliffHotazel GEMCO
MetalloysTEMCO
Nelspruit Krugersdorp
DMS PowdersCarbon Steel Materials CSG Total
Cerro MatosoYabulu Refinery
Ravensthorpe Nickel Laterite ProjectStainless Steel Materials CSG Total
Middelburg, open cutOptimum, open cut
Khutala, u/g and o/cDouglas, u/g and o/c
Rietspruit Mine ServicesKoornfontein, underground
Mine Closure OperationsZAC, underground
Klipspruit Mine ProjectRietspruit Plant
Mount Arthur Coal, open cut Navajo
San Juan Petangis
Energy Coal CSG Total
EkatiWorld Exploration
TechnologyDiamonds and Specialty Products Total
Australia Operated Asset (AOAT)Australia/Asia Exploration AT (AAEAT)
Bass Strait AT (BSAT) Minerva Algeria Asset Team (AAT)
South Atlantic Margin (SAAT)Liverpool Bay Asset Team (LBAT)
Pakistan Asset Team (PAT)North Sea Asset Team (NORSAT)Americas Oper and Development
Gulf of Mexico Asset Team (GOMAT)Trinidad & Tobago Asset Team (TTAT)
Petroleum CSG Total
BHPB Total
Potential exposures above OEL as a % of employees
Exposure – excluding noise
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Exposure Chart – Noise / Carcinogen / Non Carcinogen0 50 100 150 200 250
BMSWAPL
HillsideBayside
MozalAluminium CSG
TintayaEscondida
Escondida ODSCerro Colorado
CanningtonEscondida Sulphide Leach
SpenceOlympic Dam
Base Metals CSGMinerals Exploration
TechnologyCorporate and Other
Port & Rail - IORYarrie
Mt WhalebackYandi
Satellite Orebody 23/25Jimblebar
Mining Area CBoodarie Iron
HotazelGEMCO
MetalloysTEMCO
MMC NelspruitMMC Krugersdorp
DMS PowdersGoonyella Riverside
Peak DownsSaraji Mine
Blackwater MineGregory/Crinum
Norwich ParkSouth Walker Creek
Hay PointAppin Colliery
Dendrobium CollieryProcessing and Logistics
Elouera CollieryWest Cliff Colliery
Port Kembla Coal TerminalDouglas Mine
Carbon Steel Materials CSGEkati
Mt Isa Processing PlantPhosphate Hill
Townsville PortDiamonds and Specialty
Middleburg MineOptimum Colliery
Khutala CollieryDouglas Colliery
Rietspruit Mine ServicesKoornfontein Mine
Mine Closure Operations -IngweKlipspruit Mine
Mt ArthurNavajo Coal
San Juan CoalEnergy Coag CSG
AOATExplorationBass Strait
AlgeriaSouth AtlanticLiverpool Bay
PakistanNorth Sea
Americas Ops DevelopmentExploration
Trinidad and TobagoPetroleum CSG
Gag IslandCerro Matoso
Yabulu RefineryRavensthorpe
Kalgoorlie SmelterKambalda Concentrator
Kwinana RefineryLeinsterMt Keith
Stainless Steel Materials CSGBHP Billiton
Potential Exposures > OEL as a % of employees - Type of Exposure
NoiseCarcinogenNon Corcinogen
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DP - Evaluations of Human Carcinogen Potential
Organization Overall evaluation US NIOSH (1988) Potential occupational carcinogenIARC (1989) Probably carcinogenic to humansIPCS (1996) Probably carcinogenic to humansCal EPA (1998) Consistent evidence for a causal associationHealth EffectsInstitute (1999)
1.2 to 1.5-fold increase in the relative risk oflung cancer
N.South Wales JointCoal Board (1999)
“possibly at the risk level of passivecigarette smoking exposure”
US NTP (2000) Reasonably anticipated to be a carcinogenUS MSHA (2001) Strong evidence...exposure increases the riskUSEPA (2002) Probable human carcinogen
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Diesel Emissions Management
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Diesel Particulate Initiative
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Diesel Particulate InitiativeRaw Exhaust Gas & Particulate Testing Equipment
Page 14
Projects - Carcinogens• Diesel Particulate Initiative- All company underground operations- Service / Maintenance oriented – low
cost / high gain- External recognition / New
technology developed
• 3M Acid Mist Reduction trial - Recent reduction in OEL for
Sulphuric acid mist- Introduction at OD Copper
processing prior to other sites
• Nickel – recent cancer claim / site based initiatives on dust exposure in NiW
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Noise Community of Practice
• Noise most common occupational exposure exceedance– 53% of employees > 85 dB(A)– 19,000 workers, excluding contractors
• Noise induced hearing loss most common occupational disease
– 235 cases in last 2 years• Establish a Community of Practice
– Leadership group from sites which have excellence in some aspect of noise control
– Operate through Occupational Hygienists NetworkPage 16
Noise Project
• > 50% workforce potentially exposed / 235 new NIHL cases in 2 years
• Company wide Survey – who /what / where
• Maintenance has high exposure –pneumatic tools / welding and gouging
• Pursue activities with Global Maintenance Network
• Initiatives through Occupational Hygienists CoP / Noise CoP
• Initiatives with Global Supply – “Buy Quiet”
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Noise Community of Practice
• Strategy– to identify the main sources of noise exposure by
survey– to identify and promote centres of excellence within
the company and share controls– to work with suppliers and manufacturers to develop
quieter equipment options– to provide a networking focus for noise control– to establish noise management guidelines– to develop a noise control library
Page 18
SUMMARY – EXPOSURE MANAGEMENT• Sound Principles and Practices
- Company Procedures / Guidelines- Site and Regional Workshops / Networks- Development of professionals / Graduate Program
• Company wide reporting process – Track targets- Understanding of exposure status- Progress to real time IT systems
• Exposure reduction initiatives- Workshop activity / site based initiative sharing- Company wide projects / Asset and site projects
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Fit for Work / Fit for Life• The Fit for Work/Fit for Life CoP was established to develop
generic guidelines and associated toolkits for the Company on this important area of health.
• A consultative approach between members delivered the following guidelines and toolkits:
Fatigue Management ProgramsDrug and Alcohol ProgramsEmployee Assistance ProgramsHealth Promotion ProgramsMedical Assessment ProgramsOccupational Rehabilitation ProgramsTravel Health ProgramsErgonomic Analysis
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Fit for Work / Fit for Life GuidelinesFATIGUE MANAGEMENT • Vast area – challenging to develop• Guideline linked to toolkits – scope for further
development in Community of Practice(CoP) environment• CoP - link to variety of external resource documents
DRUG and ALCOHOL PROGRAMS• Recent survey indicated variability in program
management• Programs will still need to be linked to local regulation,
culture and work environment
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All Significant Health Incidents by Fit For Work Category July 2001 – September 2005
Fatigue - 52 (61%) Medical Event - 26
(31%)
Drug and Alcohol - 5(6%)Ergonomic - 1
(1%)Travel Health -1(1%)
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Fatigue
Road train Rollover - Fatigue Related Incident“When he awoke a short time later the truck was still traveling at
approximately100k/h on the wrong side of the road with the nearside wheels on the bitumen and the offside wheels on the gravel off of the road.”
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Fatigue
Truck Tips OverAfter traveling ~ 300m, the operator fell asleep behind the wheel. CH 24 was slowed down and stopped when it drove into a 7metre high safety berm. The horse of the Coal Hauler came to a stop within metres of a 25 metre high highwall.
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Fatigue
APTV RolloverAs he moved forward with the vehicle, he momentarily fell asleep. He was woken when the APTV 191 had climbed on top of a pallet of butts. He tried to steer the vehicle back on to floor and at this point the cabin of the APTV overturned.
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Fatigue
Haulpac Mounts WindrowAn off highway truck driver fell asleep whilst travelling on the Cattle Gorge haul road from the crusher to the Cattle Gorge ROM pad. The truck subsequently crossed the road and mounted a windrow on the side of the road and came to rest on the windrow.
Page 26
Tool Kits
Fatigue Management Risk Assessment Toolkit
Fatigue Impairment Assessment Intervention (Tool kit 26)
Fatigue Education (Tool kit 27)
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Fatigue Risk Assessment Toolkit
• Work / Time Arrangements• Employee Fitness for Work• Monitoring and Controlling Potential for Fatigue• Effect of Activities Carried out during Rostered and
Overtime Hours• Effect of Activities Carried out during Non Rostered Hours• Programs to Improve Worker Awareness and Provide
Support
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Drug and Alcohol
Truck Tips Over– The operator started to reverse to discharge the load from his truck as he lifted the
loading bin, he felt that the truck was going fall over, he opened his door and jumped out of the door of the truck before it fell.
– Driver tested positive for drugs.
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Drug and Alcohol
Vehicle Collision- An oncoming private vehicle swerved in front of him. To avoid a head on
collision the Mine vehicle driver took evasive action by swerving to the left onto the road shoulder. The oncoming private vehicle collided with the mine vehicle causing extensive damage.
- Driver of private vehicle under the influence of alcohol
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PERSONAL HEALTH DISABILITY ATTRIBUTABLE LIFE YEARS
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More from life!
People consuming one to two alcoholic drinks a day were 50% less likely to suffer strokes than those who didn’t drink at all.
Columbia University study of 677 stroke patients and 1139 controls
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More from life!
Men who consumed chocolate three times per month lived almost a year longer than those who either abstained or indulged three or more times each week.
Harvard School of Public Health (1998) from a five-year study on 8,000 American men aged around 65
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Performance and Stress / Workload
More from life!
Stress
Per
form
ance
Under-performance
Peak performance
Diminished performance
Absenteeism / illness
Turnover / ??
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…The Effect of Personality Type
Stress
Per
form
ance
More from life!
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…The Effect of Improved Health
More from life!
Stress
Per
form
ance
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Travel Health - Offshore
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Travel Health – Sub Arctic
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Travel Health - Peru / High Altitude 4000m
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Travel Health - Remote China
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Road Travel – Rural China
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Road Travel – India
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BHP BILLITON GLOBAL HEALTH ASSIST What is provided?
• Global Health Assist Card• Health and Medical Advice• Medical Monitoring and Case Management • Evacuation and Repatriation• Pre and post travel care• Corporate Care for International Assignees and
dependants• Employee Assistance Program
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Avian Flu - Predictions• The current median estimate is that there is a 10% possibility of a
pandemic in the next 12 months • Fatality rate globally of that similar to the Spanish Flu of 2.8 - 5.0%• In Australia it was estimated that this could be reduced to as low as
0.5 - 1.0%• Fatality rates will be much higher in developing countries. During
the Spanish Flu the fatality rate in Fiji was 14% of the population• The current H5N1 virus is showing similar genetic changes to the
Avian virus that resulted in the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918• The genetic structure of that virus has now been published to
assist researchers in vaccine development despite the potential bioterrorism aspects attached to this.
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Avian Flu Documentation• CEM Protocol
• Pandemic Contingency Plan
• Business Unit Checklist *
• Pandemic FAQ’s
• Avian Flu PowerPoint Presentation
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Environmental Health - ? Dust /Noise /Odour
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HIV
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Malaria
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Malaria / TB
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OUR FUTURE STATEAchieving Zero Harm in Health
BHP Billiton is an organisation in which:• All relevant individuals are protected from health hazards
associated with company operations• Leaders at all levels recognise that effective management of
health risks is good business • Workplace exposures are understood, managed and reviewed• Health surveillance programs are in place , assessed and
reviewed• People are aware of the risks to their health in the workplace
and act accordingly• “At risk” behaviours are not acceptable and are addressed
when observed• Programs are in place to promote a healthy lifestyle
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Conclusion • The BHP Billiton Charter expresses the Company's view of the importance of
people by stating an overriding commitment to health, safety, environmental responsibility and sustainable development.
• People are valued within the organization and fitness for work issues and health exposures must be managed so as to not adversely impact the safety or well being of the workforce.
DESIRED OUTCOMES• Occupational Illnesses and Health related incidents reduced with associated
impact on improving Safety• Workplace health focus = improved Safety = ALL WORKFORCE STAYS Fit for
Work / Fit for Life.