prevention of respiratory illness on the farm. respiratory hazards dusts dusts gases / vapors gases...
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Prevention of Respiratory Prevention of Respiratory Illness on the FarmIllness on the Farm
Respiratory HazardsRespiratory HazardsDustsDustsGases / VaporsGases / VaporsChemicalsChemicals
Where are the Hazards?Where are the Hazards?FieldsFieldsSilosSilosManure pitsManure pitsInsecticidesInsecticidesAnimal confinement buildingsAnimal confinement buildings
Three Categories of HazardsThree Categories of HazardsParticulate contaminants
Dusts, fumes, mistGases and vapors
Pesticides & nitric oxideOxygen-deficient atmospheres
Sealed silos or storage for fruits / vegetables
Farmer’s LungFarmer’s Lung Inhalation of dust particles from moldy hay, straw, Inhalation of dust particles from moldy hay, straw,
grain grain
Accumulates in lungsAccumulates in lungs
Lung inflammationLung inflammation Delayed allergic reaction Delayed allergic reaction Microorganisms attach to dustMicroorganisms attach to dust
Affect 5-8% of those exposedAffect 5-8% of those exposed
Farmer’s LungFarmer’s LungSymptomsSymptoms
Presents 4-12 hours after exposurePresents 4-12 hours after exposureCoughCoughChillsChillsLabored breathing Labored breathing Muscle painMuscle painSubsides in 3-5 daysSubsides in 3-5 days
Farmer’s LungFarmer’s LungPreventionPrevention
Wear respiratorWear respirator Inhibit mold growthInhibit mold growthReduce moisture content in silageReduce moisture content in silageHandle dusty materials Handle dusty materials
mechanicallymechanicallyUse larger balesUse larger bales
Organic Toxic Dust SyndromeOrganic Toxic Dust Syndrome
Lung inflammationLung inflammationConcentrated exposure to moldy Concentrated exposure to moldy
hay, straw, grainhay, straw, grain
Similar to Farmer’s LungSimilar to Farmer’s LungSymptomsSymptomsPreventionPrevention
Silo Filler’s DiseaseSilo Filler’s Disease
Severe lung irritationSevere lung irritation
Nitrogen oxides produced from fermenting Nitrogen oxides produced from fermenting silagesilage Extremely toxicExtremely toxic Permanent lung damagePermanent lung damage
Silo Filler’s DiseaseSilo Filler’s Disease
Dangerous exposuresDangerous exposures
Entering silos within 3 weeks of loadingEntering silos within 3 weeks of loading
Produced within 2 hours of filling siloProduced within 2 hours of filling silo
Reaches maximum in 2-3 days Reaches maximum in 2-3 days
Silo Filler’s DiseaseSilo Filler’s DiseaseSymptomsSymptoms
CoughCoughBurning in the throatBurning in the throatFeverFeverBronchitisBronchitisPulmonary edemaPulmonary edemaRespiratory distressRespiratory distress
Silo Filler’s DiseaseSilo Filler’s Disease NEVER ENTER NEVER ENTER
A NEWLY A NEWLY FILLED SILO FILLED SILO FOR AT LEAST FOR AT LEAST THREE WEEKSTHREE WEEKS
Other Toxic Gas ExposuresOther Toxic Gas Exposures
Manure gasManure gas
PesticidesPesticides
Manure Gas ExposureManure Gas Exposure
Decomposition of Decomposition of animal urine & animal urine & fecesfeces
Generates deadly Generates deadly gasesgases
Manure storageManure storage
Dangerous gases become trapped Dangerous gases become trapped within manurewithin manure
Gases can be released at deadly Gases can be released at deadly level when manure is agitatedlevel when manure is agitated
Manure Gas ExposureManure Gas Exposure SymptomsSymptoms
CoughCough Phlegm build upPhlegm build up Scratchy throatScratchy throat Runny noseRunny nose Watering eyesWatering eyes HeadachesHeadaches WheezingWheezing Shortness of breathShortness of breath
Manure Gas ExposureManure Gas Exposure PreventionPrevention
Remove all people before pit agitationRemove all people before pit agitation Maximize ventilation respirator useMaximize ventilation respirator use Never enter a pit especially during or Never enter a pit especially during or
just after agitationjust after agitation
Always assume a manure Always assume a manure pit has high concentrations pit has high concentrations of toxic gasses!of toxic gasses!
Chronic BronchitisChronic Bronchitis Chronic phlegm producing coughChronic phlegm producing cough End result of a variety of exposuresEnd result of a variety of exposures Lasts or recurs over yearsLasts or recurs over years Can lead toCan lead to
Shortness of breathShortness of breath Reduced enduranceReduced endurance Permanent lung diseasePermanent lung disease
Choosing the Choosing the Right RespiratorRight Respirator
RespiratorsRespirators Filter or block harmful respiratory Filter or block harmful respiratory
substancessubstances Different respirators for different activitiesDifferent respirators for different activities Purchase one that is task specificPurchase one that is task specific
Look for appropriate coding and for the Look for appropriate coding and for the substances for which you are protectedsubstances for which you are protected
Educate yourself with the most up-to-date Educate yourself with the most up-to-date informationinformation
When should I When should I wear a respirator?wear a respirator?
Anytime you may be exposed to Anytime you may be exposed to environmental hazards that may environmental hazards that may cause respiratory illness.cause respiratory illness.
RespiratorsRespirators Three componentsThree components
1.1. Facepiece / Head HarnessFacepiece / Head Harness ““The Respirator”The Respirator”
2.2. Chemical CartridgeChemical Cartridge Removes gas and vaporRemoves gas and vapor
3.3. Particulate Filter / Pre-FilterParticulate Filter / Pre-Filter Traps dusts, mists, and fumesTraps dusts, mists, and fumes
Facepiece / Head HarnessFacepiece / Head Harness Choice depends on Choice depends on
Type and danger of Type and danger of contaminant contaminant
Need for eye, face, body Need for eye, face, body protectionprotection
Need for supplemental Need for supplemental air / oxygenair / oxygen
Presence of facial hairPresence of facial hair
Negative Pressure Negative Pressure RespiratorsRespirators
Air flow depends on wearer’s Air flow depends on wearer’s breathingbreathing
Half-mask Particulate FilterHalf-mask Particulate Filter
One-time useOne-time use
Protects against Protects against dust, mists, fumesdust, mists, fumes
Shaped material Shaped material held to the head held to the head with 2 strapswith 2 straps
Disposable Half-mask Disposable Half-mask dual cartridgedual cartridge
Protects against Protects against dust, mists, fumesdust, mists, fumes
Contaminant Contaminant specificspecific
Maintenance freeMaintenance free
Reusable Half-mask Reusable Half-mask dual cartridgedual cartridge
Filters and Filters and Cartridges can be Cartridges can be changed to match changed to match contaminantcontaminant
Full-face Dual CartridgeFull-face Dual Cartridge ReusableReusable Filters and Filters and
Cartridges can be Cartridges can be changed to match changed to match contaminantcontaminant
Protects eyes & Protects eyes & faceface
Positive Pressure RespiratorsPositive Pressure Respirators
Air flow powered by a fanAir flow powered by a fan Good for people with heart
or lung conditions Good for people with
beards who cannot get a tight fit
Does not supply oxygen
Atmosphere Supplying Atmosphere Supplying RespiratorsRespirators
Air is supplied from an Air is supplied from an outside sourceoutside source
Supplied Air RespiratorSupplied Air Respirator Air is supplied Air is supplied
from a clean air from a clean air sourcesource
Used in spraying Used in spraying pesticide or paintpesticide or paint
Some are equipped Some are equipped for Immediately for Immediately Dangerous to Life Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) and Health (IDLH) situationssituations
Self-Contained Self-Contained Breathing ApparatusBreathing Apparatus
Provides an Provides an oxygen supplyoxygen supply
Similar to SCUBA Similar to SCUBA gear worn by gear worn by underwater diversunderwater divers
For use in IDLH For use in IDLH situationssituations
Proper Respirator FittingProper Respirator Fitting Respirators should fit snuglyRespirators should fit snugly
Follow manufacturers directionsFollow manufacturers directions
Disposable Filter Face Piece Disposable Filter Face Piece Fit CheckFit Check
Cup hands over Cup hands over the front of maskthe front of mask
InhaleInhale Does mask pull Does mask pull
toward face?toward face? If yes, then If yes, then
working properlyworking properly
Half-mask & Full Face Half-mask & Full Face Positive Pressure Fit CheckPositive Pressure Fit Check Block exhalation Block exhalation
valve with palmvalve with palm Gently exhaleGently exhale Hold for 10 Hold for 10
secondsseconds Is face piece Is face piece
bulging?bulging? If yes, then If yes, then
working properlyworking properly
Cleaning your RespiratorCleaning your Respirator Follow manufacturer’s instructionsFollow manufacturer’s instructions
Disinfect following useDisinfect following use Wash your handsWash your hands Hand wash face piece in warm waterHand wash face piece in warm water Clean inhalation and exhalation valves with Clean inhalation and exhalation valves with
disinfecting soapdisinfecting soap
Let parts dry before reassemblingLet parts dry before reassembling
What is a Particulate Filter?What is a Particulate Filter? Traps dusts, mists, and fumesTraps dusts, mists, and fumes Look at the label that lists the Look at the label that lists the
substances from which the filter substances from which the filter will protect youwill protect you
What Kind of a Filter What Kind of a Filter Should I Use?Should I Use?
NIOSH* Coding systemNIOSH* Coding system Resistance to oil based chemicals or pesticides that Resistance to oil based chemicals or pesticides that
are sprayedare sprayed ““N” = not resistantN” = not resistant ““R” = resistant to oil based chemicalsR” = resistant to oil based chemicals
For 8 hoursFor 8 hours ““P” = oil based chemical proofP” = oil based chemical proof
Sprayed longer than 8 hoursSprayed longer than 8 hours
* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
What Kind of a Filter What Kind of a Filter Should I Use?Should I Use?
Efficiency levelsEfficiency levels 95%95% 99%99% 100%100%
A unit coded P99 indicates A unit coded P99 indicates that the filter is oil proof and that the filter is oil proof and at least 99% efficientat least 99% efficient
Can I Reuse a Filter?Can I Reuse a Filter? Yes, but…Yes, but… Change a filter when it becomes Change a filter when it becomes
soiled or difficult to breathe throughsoiled or difficult to breathe through Washing or blowing out respirators, Washing or blowing out respirators,
filters, or cartridges destroys themfilters, or cartridges destroys them Replace them with a new unitReplace them with a new unit
What is a Chemical Cartridge?What is a Chemical Cartridge?
Removes gas and vaporRemoves gas and vapor Can be used with particulate filtersCan be used with particulate filters
““Pre-filters”Pre-filters” Look at the label that lists the Look at the label that lists the
substances from which the filter substances from which the filter will protect youwill protect you
What Kind of a Chemical What Kind of a Chemical Cartridge Should I Use?Cartridge Should I Use?
Colored cartridgesColored cartridges White = acid gasWhite = acid gas Black = organic vaporsBlack = organic vapors Green = ammonia gasGreen = ammonia gas Yellow = acid gas and organic vaporsYellow = acid gas and organic vapors
Using the Using the wrong wrong cartridge cartridge can be can be extremely extremely dangerous!dangerous!
Can I Reuse a Can I Reuse a Chemical Cartridge?Chemical Cartridge?
Change a cartridge when… Change a cartridge when… You smell or taste a substanceYou smell or taste a substance You have throat or respiratory irritationYou have throat or respiratory irritation The end of each workdayThe end of each workday The respirator manufacturer or pesticide The respirator manufacturer or pesticide
label requires itlabel requires it Washing or blowing out respirators, Washing or blowing out respirators,
filters, or cartridges destroys themfilters, or cartridges destroys them Replace them with a new unitReplace them with a new unit
How Should I Store my How Should I Store my Respirator and Filters?Respirator and Filters?
Store in uncontaminated areaStore in uncontaminated area Remove (reusable) cartridges Remove (reusable) cartridges Store in cool, dry placeStore in cool, dry place
Avoid direct sunlightAvoid direct sunlight Dry containerDry container
Plastic bag or covered coffee canPlastic bag or covered coffee can Don’t place anything on top of the Don’t place anything on top of the
respirator or cartridges during storagerespirator or cartridges during storage
Where can I Purchase Where can I Purchase Respirators and Filters?Respirators and Filters?
General farm supply storesGeneral farm supply stores CooperativesCooperatives PharmaciesPharmacies Mail orderMail order
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements The Do’s and Don’ts of Respiratory The Do’s and Don’ts of Respiratory
ProtectionProtection, 2, 2ndnd edition edition
Gempler’s, Inc.