preventive medicine and geriatrics
TRANSCRIPT
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S.RATHIPRIYA
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PREVENTIVE GERIATRICS
It is the art and science of preventingdisease in the geriatric populationand promoting their health and
efficiency
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CLINICAL GERENTOLOGY OR GERIATRICS:
The care for the aged.SOCIAL GERENTOLOGY: humanitarian and
social attitude towards the old peopleEXPERIMENTAL GERENTOLOGY: research
into basic biological problems of the ageing.
GERIATRIC GYNAECOLOGY: repair ofprolapse of varying degrees, nonspecific vaginitis,ovarian tumours, psychic aberrations, sexual problems
GERENTOLOGY: study of the physical andpsycological changes which are incident to old
age
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Maintenance of health in old age by high levels
of engagement and avoidance of disease
Early detection and appropriate treatment ofdisease
Maintenance of maximum independence
consistent with irreversible disease and disability Sympathetic care and support during terminal
illness
AIM OF GERIATRIC
MEDICINE
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Improved medical scince and social conditions Developed countries no. of old people is on the increase. Expectation of life
at birth over 70 years.
2002, 605 million old people 400 million lower socioeconomic groups Italy and Japan have highest no. of old persons of about 16.7 and 16%respectively.
In India, in 2003 SRS estimates 1.2% of total population above age 60 years. 1980- 5.3% 2000- 7.7% 2025- 13.3% ( 1.2 billion )
71% - Developing World 70 million population in India-2001 177 million population -2025 40% below poverty line 73% illiterate
SIZE OF THE PROBLEM
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HEALTH STATUS OF THE AGED IN INDIA
0
102030405060
70809088
40
18.7 17.4 16.7 13.39 8.5 8.2
3.5
REPORTED %
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Health problems of the aged
PROBLEMSDUE TO
AGEINGPROCESS
PROBLEMSASSOCIATEDWITH LONG
TERMILLNESS
PSYCHOLOGICALPROBLEMS
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The biological age of a person is not identical with
his chronological age.
Ageing stands for growing old ,senescence is anexpression for deterioration of vitality or loweringof biological efficiency that accompanies ageing.These deleterious lead to the death of the person
Disabilities incident to ageing process: Senilecataract , glaucoma, nerve deafness, failure ofspecial senses, osteoporosis
1) Problems due to ageing
process
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2) Problems associated withlong term illness
CANCER
ACCIDENTS
DIABETES
DEGERATIVE CONDITIONS OF HEART &BLOOD VESSELS
DISEASES OFLOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY ILLNESS
GENITOURINARY
SYSTEM
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CVD are major causes of death in developed
countries
Inner arterial wall breakdown lipoid depositionreplaced by calcium narrowing of blood vesselsatherosclerosis diminished blood supply,thrombus formation, rupture of blood vessels, highblood pressure.
No single factor , diet, overweight, hereditory,nervous and emotional strain have been implicated
Reduction in body weight and modification of lifestyle habits
a)Degenerative diseases of heartand blood vessels
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Incidence rises rapidly after age 40
Cancer of prostate common after age of 65
b) Cancer
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fragile bones and decalcification
household accidents common
fracture of neck and femur very common geriatricproblem
c) Accidents
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d) Diabetes
long term illness due to faulty
carbohydrate metabolism.
75% of diabetics are over 50 years of
age
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range of articular and non articular disorders affect
the aged fibrositis, myositis, neuritis, gout,
rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondylitis ofspine, etc.
these cause more discomfort and disability than anyother chronic disease in the elderly
e) Diseases of locomotor
system
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chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema are of major
importance
f) Respiratory illness
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enlargement of prostate, dysuria, nocturia, frequent
and urgency of micturition are common complaints
g) Genitourinory system
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A) MENTAL CHANGES: Impaired memory, rigidity of
outlook, dislike of change , reduced income mental and
social consequences B) SEXUAL ADJUSTMENT : diminution of sexual
activity, cessation of reproduction lead to physical andemotional disturbance , irritability, jealousy, and
despondency are frequent.C) EMOTIONAL DISORDERS : social maladjustment,
failure to adapt result in bitterness, inner withdrawal ,depression, weariness of life, and even suicide.
3) Psycological problems
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Diet and nutrition
ExerciseWeight
Smoking
Alcohol
Social activities
Lifestyle and healthy
ageing
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In developed countries, overnutrition replacing
undernutrition
Diet should be balanced with Less saturated fats and oils , salt and sugar
More fruits and vegetables
Calcium and fibre rich diet
a)Diet and nutrition
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maintain good health
control weight
improves emotional well being and relieves stress improves blood circulation
increases flexibility
lowers BP
increases energy levels improves balance & reduces dangers of falls
lowers blood sugar helps in diabetes
improves bone density & prevent osteoporosis
b) Exercise
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Overweight and obesity major problem worldwide
Obesity is important factor in
Heart disease
Stroke
Hypertension
Diabetes Arthritis
Breast cancer
c) Weight
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In developed countries, 22% of men and 18% of
women aged 65 to 74 yrs are smokers
Former smokers live longer than continuing smokers
d) smoking
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Sensitivity to effect of alcohol increases with age
Compared to younger people , older people hj
Blood concentration due to body water dilutingalcohol
Ability to develop tolerance to amount of alcohol
e) alcohol
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NATIONAL POLICY ON
OLDER PERSONS
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NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR
OLDER PERSONS
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OASIS
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INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL
OLD AGE PENTION SCHEME
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HELP AGE INDIA
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MODERN PHILOSOPHY
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DISEASE PREVENTION
IN ELDERLY
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CARE FOR THE OLD
PEOPLE
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