preview of the new interconnection standard · ieee 1547.1 for 2018/19. considering similar...
TRANSCRIPT
Preview of the New Interconnection Standard
Robert W. Harris, PESenior Principal, T&D EngineeringNRECA
February 26, 2018
IEEE 1547 is the Standard for…
• Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (2003)
• Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed EnergyResources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces (New)
Complete Overhaul
• Original published in 2003 (16 pp).• Reaffirmed in 2008.• Amended early 2014.• Working Group (WG) started on Full Revision ~ same time.• Hint of Things to Come-
135 pp & Counting
Major Topics
• Disturbance Performance• Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation• Power Quality• All Covered in TechSurveillance Articles
Note- Completed in Early 2017 Prior to Ballot
In 2003…
• Fuel Cells, Wind & Piston Engines were major players.• PV was miniscule.• DER not seen as a major player.• Best to trip DERs quickly for any minor disturbance.
Bulk Electric System effects?
R U KIDDING??!!?
Concerns About BES
• NERC began pursuing the issue following events in Germany.• High-penetration parts of the US began to see stability issues
(CA & HI).• NERC formed a Task Force to study the problem.• A Key Report was released December 2013:
Performance of Variable Resources During and After System Disturbance
NERC IVGTF Final Report(Integrated Variable Generation Task Force)
“Continued monitoring of the IEEE Standard 1547 development is essential to ensure that effective ride-through requirements
are enacted.”
Key Findings & Recommendations, p. 42IVGTF Final Report June 2015
Voltage Ride-Through (VRT) &Frequency Ride-Through (FRT)
• NERC and a few utilities began to advocate less-sensitive setpoints for tripping:
Keep DERs On-Line for Disturbances on BES.Still enable tripping for Safety on Distribution Systems.
IEEE 1547a (Early 2014)
Frequency Trip Original Standard (2003)
Frequency Trip Current Standard (1547a)
Frequency Trip New Standard (as of Draft 7.2)
Freq
uenc
y (H
z)
56.0
56.5
57.0
57.5
58.0
58.5
59.0
59.5
60.0
60.5
61.0
61.5
62.0
62.5
63.0
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Time (s)
Continuous Operation Capability
58.8 Hz
61.2 Hz
Mandatory OperationCapability
Mandatory OperationCapability
299 s
299 s
57.0 Hz
Shall Trip
1
2
59.0 Hz
180 s
1,000 s
50.0 Hz50.0 Hz
0.16 s
Legendrange of adustability
default value
shall trip zones
may ride-through ormay trip zones
shall ride-through zonesand operating regionsdescribing performance
Shall Trip
2
66.0 Hz 66.0 Hz
0.16 s62.0 Hz
180 s
1,000 s
1
may ride-throughor may trip
may ride-throughor may trip
may ride-through or may trip
61.0 Hz
58.5 Hz
61.2 Hz61.8 Hz 61.8 Hz
Voltage Trip Original Standard (2003)
Voltage Trip Current Standard (1547a)
Voltage Trip New Standard- Category I (as of D 7.2)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000Time (s)
1.10 p.u.
0.88 p.u.Continuous Operation Capability
Mandatory OperationCapability
Permissive Operation Capability
0.16 s2
1
1.20 p.u.
1 s 13 s
Shall trip
0.16 sPermissive Operation
Capability
21 s2 s
2 s
0.00 p.u.
0.16 s0.45 p.u.
Legend
range of adustability
default value
shall trip zones
may ride-through ormay trip zones
shall ride-through zonesand operating regionsdescribing performance
2 s
2
1
Shall trip
may ride-throughor may trip
may ride-throughor may trip
may ride-throughor may trip
Volta
ge (p
.u.)
Categories I, II and IIIAbnormal Operating Performance
• Cat I Meets most BES Security needs. Includes small synchronous machines.
• Cat II Harmonized w\NERC PRC-024 (protection settings for BES generators)
• Cat III High-Penetration levels where continued DER operation is needed for Distribution System. Harmonized w\CA Rule 21.
Vigilance on FRT & VRT
• Select Category (I, II or III)• Provide Settings to DER Owners\Installers.• Commissioning Tests. • Periodic Retests (maybe inspections) .• Interoperability- Alarms.• Education & TrainingPublicInstallers
ReclosingCurrent Standard
• DER must “cease to energize the circuit” prior to reclosure (sec. 4.2.2).
• Must clear within 2s of event.• Must not reconnect for up to 5 minutes after:
• Voltage within Range B of ANSI C84.1, Table 1• Frequency within 59.3-60.5 Hz.
ReclosingNew Standard
• Allows reclosing into a line energized by DER.• Assumes means are employed to detect excessive differences:
• Phase angle• Voltage magnitude• Frequency
• Utility to employ Hot Line Blocking, Synch-Check, etc as needed.
Reactive Power and Voltage RegulationCurrent Standard
• Does not permit DER to:• Regulate Voltage.• Regulate Reactive Power.
Note- DER can operate at a set Leading or Lagging PF as requested by Co-Op under current standard.
Reactive Power and Voltage RegulationNew Standard
• Requires DER to be Capable of Regulating Voltage through Reactive Power Control.
• Prescribes Five Different Methods which DER must be capable of.
• Notes:• Requirement of DER equipment manufacturers.• Settings are to be at sole discretion of Co-Op/Utility.• Co-Op/Utility may also choose to not use this capability.
Methods of Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation
• Constant Power Factor• Constant Reactive Power• Reactive Power as a Function of Active Power (W-VAR Mode)• Reactive Power as a Function of Voltage (V-VAR Mode)• V-VAR Mode w/Voltage Reference Tracking
New Standard
Good News!
• Can help stabilize Voltage on Distribution circuits.• Reduce wear on Voltage Regulators & LTCs.• Can mitigate flicker and other voltage fluctuations.• May reduce the need for reconductoring to offset
effects of voltage swings.
Caution!Law of Unintended Consequences!
• Evaluate circuit & DER carefully to choose method and settings.
• As other DERs are added, may need to reevaluate original method & settings.
• Load increases, decreases or reconfiguration of circuit can all come into play.
• Any of these methods may lead to power quality issues if not closely managed.
Categories A and BNormal Operating Performance
• Cat A Meets VAR & Control requirements for all DER systems presently in use.
• Cat B Enhanced requirements which can benefit the power system, but which some DER systems may not meet.
Power Quality
• Generally tightened for DER providers:• Flicker limits added (IEC)• Voltage limits added (IEC)• Harmonics section expanded (IEEE 519-2014)
• Gives utilities more to work with.
NRECA Papers
• Series of Four Tech Surveillance Articles on Cooperative.com:• The Background For Change• Reactive Power and Voltage Regulation• Disturbance Performance• Power Quality and Other Concerns
• Engineering & Operations- IEEE 1547 Articles(NRECA Members Only now- moving to Public Website)
Initial Ballot
• Open from May 19 - June 18• Results:
• Total eligible balloters: 389• Total votes received: 313 - 80% (74%) • Affirmative votes: 225 - 78% (72%) • Negative votes: 63 with comments (4 without comments) • Abstention votes: 21 (6%)• Comments received: 1457 • Must be satisfied comments: 624
Where it Stands
• Ballot Resolution Team Formed & Met Frequently• Attempted to Respond to All Comments• Change any “Must Be Changed” comments possible into
“Approve” votes. • FOURTH RECIRCULATION Open from Dec 19-29 • Approval Increased from 78% to 93%
What’s Next
Final Draft Approved by IEEE SA Boardon February 15th
Publication Likely in April>2 Months Earlier Than Expected
Next Steps for NRECA• Basic User’s Guide
• Brief Comparison• Must-Dos (i.e., Category Selection)• Guide to Settings & Ranges
• Case Study• Scenarios Most Likely to Encounter• DG Toolkit Revision\Overhaul• Training
IEEE 1547.1 – Test Procedures
• Original published in 2005 (63 pp)• Reaffirmed in 2011• Amended in 2015 (Reflects Amendments to 1547 from 2014)• Working Group (WG) started on Full Revision ~ May 2016• Current Draft-
164 pp & Counting
Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
IEEE 1547.1 - Key Parts
• Type Tests Proves That a Design Meets Certain Specifications.
• Production Tests Verify Operability of Every Unit Prior to Shipment.
• Commissioning Tests Performed After Equipment Is Installed to Verify Correct Operation.
• Periodic Tests Verifies That All Interconnection-Related Protective Functions and Associated Batteries are Functional.
IEEE 1547.1 Revision
• First WG Meeting March 2016• Working Group Many Are Same as in the Base Standard
(1547) • Major Issue How Detailed Should It Be?• Other Concerns Firmware Upgrades and Need for Retests• First Ballot Projected for July-Sept of 2018…
IEEE 1547.1 Revision
Final WG Draft Must Be Completed in JuneMAY Be Balloted Late This year
IF WG Agrees to Limit Testing to the Most Basic Requirements.
• If Not Project Likely Extended Into 2019• Question What Do We Do Until Then?
IEEE 1547.1 for 2018
If Interested in Joining IEEE 1547.1 WG, Contact:
Thomas Gwinn Robert W. HarrisPrincipal Engineer Senior Principal, T&D [email protected] [email protected]: 703.304.4796 Office: 703.907.5753Lead on 1547.1 (or Dot 1)
IEEE 1547.1 for 2018/19
Considering Similar Approach as with Base Standard:• Produce TechSurveillance Article(s) on Subject prior to Ballot• Send out instructions on how to participate• Set Up List & Working Group of Interested Co-ops• Coordinate Comments• Submit Ballots & Comments
Anything Else Looming?
• Other Parts of 1547 Series Being Considered• No More Standards In Series At This Time
• Standard (Shall)• Recommended Practices (Should) • Guides (May)
• UL Becoming More Active Again.
Preview of the New Interconnection Standard
Robert W. Harris, PESenior Principal
Transmission & Distribution EngineeringPhone 703-907-5753
Cell [email protected]