previous year sample questions in pdf on toxoplasmosis for neet pg, usmle, plab and fmge (mci...

Q:1Mili is suspected to have an infection on her second prenatal visit. Her pet catcould act as a reservoir for which of the following conditions?

A: Toxoplasma gondiiB: RabiesC: Streptocerca infectionD: Plague

Correct Ans:A

Explanation

Toxoplasmosis is usually a selflimiting infection due to a parasite called Toxoplasmagondii.

The toxoplasmosis parasitic disease is capable of infecting almost all species of warmblooded animals, including humans, but the primary host is the various members ofthe cat family. They are the only hosts in which the oocystproducing sexual stage ofToxoplasma can develop.

A wide host range, comprising all the hotblooded animals including birds androdents, can serve as a reservoir of rabies. Monkeys are reservoirs for Streptocerca.Wild rodents such as field mice, gerbils, and skunks are the natural reservoir ofplague. In India, Tatera indica (wild rat) is considered the main reservoir and notRatus ratus (domestic rat).

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Q:2Which of the following is the largest intestinal protozoa?

A: Entamoeba coliB: Balantidium coliC: Giardia lambliaD: Toxoplasma gondii

Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Balantidium coli is the largest of the human intestinal protozoa. It can produce aspectrum of largeintestinal disease called as balantidiasis. Infective cysts can betransmitted from person to person and through water, but many cases are due to theingestion of cysts derived from porcine feces.

Many patients remain asymptomatic. In symptomatic individuals, the pathology in thebowel—both gross and microscopic—is similar to that seen in amebiasis. Balantidiasis,unlike amebiasis, does not spread hematogenously to other organs. The diagnosis is

made by detection of the trophozoite stage in stool or sampled colonic tissue.Tetracycline (500 mg four times daily for 10 days) is an effective therapeutic agent. Ref: Weller P.F. (2012). Chapter 215. Protozoal Intestinal Infections andTrichomoniasis. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J.Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.


Q:3Which of the following infection is diagnosed by aldehyde test?

A: Fasciola hepaticaB: LeishmaniaC: ToxoplasmaD: Toxocara canis

Correct Ans:B

ExplanationFormolgel test or (Napier’s aldehyde test) and Chopra’s antimony test are useful inthe diagnosis of chronic kalaazar. The geltest is performed by the addition of twodrops of commercial formalin to 2 ml of patient’s serum in a test tube; the mixture isshaken and allowed to stand at room temperature. If there is opacification andsolidification of the serum within 20 minutes, it denotes a positive reaction. It oftenoccurs within a month or two after having the disease. Other lab findings of Leishmaniasis for its diagnosis:

Progressive leukopenia with mononuclear increase is most characteristicDemonstration of the parasite in the peripheral blood, spleen, liver, or bonemarrow is diagnosticThe complement fixation testLeishmanian skin test or Montenegro test

Ref: Achars Textbook Of Pediatrics By Swarna Rekha Bhat (ed.), 4th edition, Page309.


Q:4Which is the largest intestinal protozoa found in humans?


Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Balantidium coli is the only ciliated protozoan that causes human disease (i.e.,diarrhea) and its length is up to 200 micro meter, making it the largest of the humanintestinal protozoa. Domestic animals, especially pigs, are the main reservoir for theorganism, and humans are infected after ingesting the cysts in food or watercontaminated with animal or human feces. The trophozoites excyst in the smallintestine, travel to the colon, and, by burrowing into the wall, cause an ulcer similar tothat of Entamoeba histolytica. However, unlike the case with E. histolytica,extraintestinal lesions do not occur. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic. Diagnosis is made by finding largeciliated trophozoites or large cysts with a characteristic Vshaped nucleus in the stool.There are no serologic tests. The treatment of choice is tetracycline. Preventionconsists of avoiding contamination of food and water by domestic animal feces. Ref: Levinson W. (2012). Chapter 53. Minor Protozoan Pathogens. In W. Levinson(Ed), Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 12e.


Q:5

A 30 year old veterinarian visits her obstetrician for a firsttrimester prenatalcheckup. She has no complaints.Routine physical exam is significant only formild cervical lymphadenopathy. She is prescribed spiramycin but isnoncompliant. Her baby is born with hydrocephalus and cerebral calcifications.Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible?

A: Isospora belliB: Leishmania donovaniC: Plasmodium vivaxD: Toxoplasma gondii

Correct Ans:D

ExplanationHumans become infected with Toxoplasma gondii by ingesting cysts in contaminatedfood or through contact with cat feces. The veterinarian in question was thereforeparticularly at risk of infection. T. gondii is especially hazardous in pregnant womenbecause the organism can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta. (It is part ofthe ToRCHeS group of congenital infections;Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV,Herpes/HIV, Syphilis). Since infected mothers are usually asymptomatic, cases oftengo unnoticed. Occasionally, patients present with cervical lymphadenopathy, as didthe veterinarian, and require treatment to prevent complications in the fetus. Thoughnewborns are also often asymptomatic, they are at risk for developing the classic triadof chorioretinitis (at birth or later in life), hydrocephalus, and cerebral calcifications.Note that T. gondii is also a common cause of CNS infections (e.g., encephalitis) inHIVpositive patients.Isospora belli (choice A) is an intestinal protozoan that causes watery diarrhea,particularly in the immunocompromised. Fecaloral transmission of oocysts allowsinvasion of small intestinal mucosa, destroying the brush border. Leishmania donovani (choice B) causes kalaazar (visceral leishmaniasis), which ischaracterized by fever, weakness, weight loss, splenomegaly, and skinhyperpigmentation. It is prevalent in regions of the Mediterranean, Middle East,

Russia, and China. The vector is the sandfly. Plasmodium vivax (choice C) causes malaria and is transmitted by the femaleAnopheles mosquito, which introduces sporozoites into the blood. These differentiateinto merozoites that destroy erythrocytes. Splenomegaly ensues. Other species of thisorganism also cause malaria: P. malariae and P. falciparum (which causes a moresevere form of the disease). Note that sickle cell trait confers resistance to this disease. Ref: Ray C.G., Ryan K.J. (2010). Chapter 50. Sporozoa. In C.G. Ray, K.J. Ryan(Eds),Sherris Medical Microbiology, 5e.


Q:6Which of the following is the only common pathogenic protozoan found in theduodenum and jejunum?


Correct Ans:C

ExplanationGiardia lamblia (also referred to as Giardia duodenalis or Giardia intestinalis) is thecausative agent of giardiasis and is the only common pathogenic protozoan found in theduodenum and jejunum of humans. Large numbers of parasites attached to the bowel wall may cause irritation and lowgrade inflammation of the duodenal or jejunal mucosa, with consequent acute orchronic diarrhea associated with crypt hypertrophy, villous atrophy or flattening, andepithelial cell damage. Stools may be watery, semisolid, greasy, bulky, and foulsmelling at various times during the course of the infection. Ref: Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A., Mietzner T.A. (2013). Chapter46. Medical Parasitology. In G.F. Brooks, K.C. Carroll, J.S. Butel, S.A. Morse, T.A.Mietzner (Eds), Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26e.


Q:7 USG guided aspiration of a hepatic cyst shows anchovy sauce appearance of theaspirate. He is most probably infected with:

A: Entamoeba histolyticaB: Balantidium coliC: Giardia lambliaD: Toxoplasma gondii

Correct Ans:A

ExplanationEntamoeba histolytica causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess. Amebic abscess ofthe liver is characterized by rightupperquadrant pain, weight loss, fever, and atender, enlarged liver. Rightlobe abscesses can penetrate the diaphragm and causelung disease. Most cases of amebic liver abscess occur in patients who have not hadovert intestinal amebiasis. Aspiration of the liver abscess yields brownishyellow puswith the consistency of anchovypaste. Ref: (2012). Chapter 51. Intestinal & Urogenital Protozoa. In Levinson W(Eds),Review of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 12e.


Q:8

Which of the following infection aquired during pregnancy result in hypoplasia oflimbs and scarring in the fetus?

A: VaricellaB: Herpes simplexC: RubellaD: Toxoplasma

Correct Ans:A

Explanation

Women who acquire VZV infection before 20 weeks of gestation have 2% risk ofdelivering an infant with fetal varicella syndrome. It is unlikely in women who havechickenpox during the last half of pregnancy.

Clinical manifestations of congenital varicella syndrome includes:

IUGRGrowth retardationLimb hypoplasiaChorioretinitisCataractMicrophthalmiaCutaneous scarringNeurological abnormalities (microcephaly, hydrocephalus, horners syndrome,cranial neuropathies)


Q:9 Toxoplasmosis in the foetus can be best confirmed by detecting which of thefollowing serologic test?

A: IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in the motherB: IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in the Foetus

C: IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma in the motherD: IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma in the foetus

Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Congenital toxoplasmosis can be diagnosed by the presence of a positive IgM antibodytiter in the fetus after the first week of life. An increase in IgM beyond the first week oflife is indicative of acute infection.

If the mother gets infected more than 6 months before conception there is reduced riskof transmission of infection to the fetus. But the likelihood of transplacental infectionincreases as the interval between infection and conception decreases. The incidence oftransplacental infection is the lowest (15%) in the first trimester and highest in thethird trimester (65%). Only 20% of women infected with T gondii shows signs ofinfection. Infected infants who are normal at birth may have a higher incidence oflearning disabilities and chronic neurologic sequelae than uninfected children. Ref: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e chapter 214.


Q:10 In a patient with AIDS, which of the following organism is the most commoncause of chorioretinitis?

A: CytomegalovirusB: Toxoplasma gondiiC: Histoplasma capsulatumD: Cryptococcus neoformans

Correct Ans:A

ExplanationCMV retinitis is the most frequent and serious ocular opportunistic infection and is theleading cause of blindness in AIDS patients. In early stages retinitis may be asymptomatic, but later causes changes in visualacuity, visual field cuts, photophobia, scotoma, and eye redness or eye pain. Indirectophthalmoscopy shows fluffy white perivascular lesions with areas of hemorrhagewithin them. Treatment includes intraocular ganciclovir implants, in conjunction withoral ganciclovir. Alternative firstline therapy is ganciclovir without implants for 14 to21 days. Ref: Harrison’s Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Chapter 214 ; Tintinalli's EmergencyMedicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 7th Edition, Chapter 149


Fundoscopic examination of a child shows salt and pepper appearance. He

Q:11 probably has:

A: ToxocaraB: Marfan's syndromeC: Prenatal toxoplasmaD: Prenatal rubella

Correct Ans:D

ExplanationDifferential diagnosis of salt and pepper appearance of fundus:

Prenatal rubellaPrenatal influenzaVaricellaMumpsCongenital syphilis

Ref: Comprehensive Ophthalmology by AK Khurana, 4th edition, Page 495.


Q:12Which of the following is the commonest infection causing blindness in adultman?

A: ToxocaraB: PlasmodiumC: Toxoplasma gondiiD: Tenia solium

Correct Ans:C

Explanation

Acquired infection is the cause of the majority of ocular toxoplasmosis. Typically, oculartoxoplasmosis presents as a focal necrotizing retinochoroiditis often associated with apreexistent chorioretinal scar, and variable involvement of the vitreous, retinal bloodvessels, optic nerve, and anterior segment of the eye and about 50% will have severevisual impairment.

Congenitally infected individuals are usually asymptomatic until the second or thirddecade of life when symptomatic eye disease occurs due to the rupture of tissue cystsand the release of bradyzoites and tachyzoites into the retina. Ref: Dominguez S.R., Levin M.J. (2012). Chapter 43. Infections: Parasitic & Mycotic. InW.W. Hay, Jr., M.J. Levin, R.R. Deterding, J.J. Ross, J.M. Sondheimer (Eds), CURRENTDiagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics, 21e.


Q:13 Hydrops fetalis is caused by :

A: Parvovirus infectionB: HZ virus infectionC: Down syndrome and Toxoplasma

D:All

Ans. is a, b, c and d Parvovirus infection; HZ virus infection; Down syndrome andToxoplasma

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is a, b and c Parvovirus infection; HZ virus infection; Down syndrome andToxoplasma

Hydrops fetalis

It is characterised by excess fluid in 2 or more body areas such as the thorax,abdomen or skin. It is often associated with hydramnios and a hydropicthickened placenta.This condition is characterised on ultrasound by generalised skin oedema (skinthickness > 5mm), ascites, pleural effusion and large placenta (placentalthickness > 4 cm). The fetus may be in Buddha position and there may be a haloaround the head.The main pathology in all cases is severe anemia, hypoproteinemia, increasedcapillary permeability and cardiac failure.Hydrops is of 2 varieties :

Immune hydrops Non Immune hydrops

It is due to Rh isoimmunisation

It accounts for 1/3rd cases ofhydrops fetalis

It is accumulation of extracellularfluid in tissues and serous cavities withoutevidence of circulating antibodies against RBCantigens.

It is due to conditions other than Rhisoimmunisation

It accounts for 2/3 cases of hydropsfetalis

Non immune hydrops :

It can be caused by a number of conditions (there is an exhaustive list given on p627 Williams 23/e, Just go through it).

Here I am listing the main causes

Cystic hygroma (associated with NIHF in 1st or early 2nd trimester)Chromosomal abnormalities like Trisomies (21 1M/C), 13, 16, 15) Turner'ssyndrome, Triploidy etc.Cardiac defects and arrythmias.Twin to Twin transfusion syndrome.

Hematological problems like uthalassemia, 13 thalassemia G6PD deficiency etc.Infections : Most common virus associated with NIHF is parvovirus B.

Others are : Among PRATSCHEC agent (i.e. Parvovirus, rubella, AIDS, toxoplasmasyphilis, CMV herpes. echovirus and coxsackievirus) AIDS virus do not causehydrops.

Note: According to Fernando Arias, Rubella does not cause NIFH but Williamsclearly mentions — Rubella as a cause of non immune hydrops

Congenital malformations like diaphragmatic hernia.


Q:14Which statement concerning toxoplasmosis is correct?

A: A pregnant woman who has acquired Toxoplasma any time before pregnancyis likely to deliver an infected infant.

B:woman who develops acute toxoplasmosis during one pregnancy is morelikely than are other woman to give birth to an infected child in a subsequentpregnancy.

C:A woman who acquires toxoplasmosis during the last trimester of pregnancyis more likely to deliver an infected infant than she would be if she acquiredthe infection during the first trimester.

D: Toxoplasmosis in a person with Hodkgin’s disease probably is due to newlyacquired infection

Correct Ans:C

Explanation

Toxoplasmosis is a relatively common infection; serologic data indicate that up to twothirds of the U.S. adult population may have had some form of the infection. The mostserious manifestations appear to arise when the disease is acquired during pregnancy.Infection during the first trimester can result in spontaneous abortion, stillbirth,prematurity, or severe disease in any of several organ systems; infection during thethird trimester most commonly leads to neonatal infection, which, however, tends tobe asymptomatic. Infections acquired before pregnancy generally are of littleconsequence to the offspring. Immunocompromised persons usually have recrudescentdisease. Diagnosis in these patients is often difficult to make, in part because theserologic responses are blunted by the underlying disease process. Serologic screeningof asymptomatic immunocompromised patients may be helpful for recognizingtoxoplasmosis at a later date.


A 65yrsold man has broadbased ataxia, loss of pain, and temperaturesensation in the lower extremities with lightening pains. His pupils

Q:15 accommodate but do not constrict with direct light stimulation. The spinal fluidwould be expected to exhibit.

A: Encapsulated yeast cellsB: A neutrophildominant cell count C: A positive VDRLD: Toxoplasma cysts

Correct Ans:C

Explanation

This patient has tabes dorsalis, which is a form of neurosyphilis where the spirocheteattacks the posterior columns and the dorsal roots of the spinal cord. This attackproduces: 1. Impaired joint position sense (proprioception), leading to a broadbased ataxia anda positive Roan berg test 2. Loss of pain and vibration sensation 3. Joint damage (Charcot joints) caused by loss of pain sensation 4. Sensory disturbances manifesting as ‘lightening pains’ 5. Absent deep tendon reflexes 6. An Argyll Robertson pupil Demyelinization first begins in the middle portion of the dorsal root zone close to theposterior horns and then extends into the dorsal columns. Laboratory findings in thespinal fluid include a positive VDRL (2550%), a positive FTAABS (8095%), a mildpleocytosis consisting of lymphocytes and mononuclear cells (not neutrophils), anincreased protein with oligoclonal bands on highresolution electrophoresis, and anormal glucose. An elevated protein and cell count is an indicator of disease activity.The treatment is aqueous penicillin G, 12 million to 24 million units daily givenintravenously for 1014 days. The history is not compatible with cryptococcosis(encapsulated yeast cells), Toxoplasmosis, or leptomeningeal spread of malignant cells.


Q:16 Cat acts as reservoir in which of the following?

A: Toxoplasma gondiiB: RabiesC: Streptocerca infectionD: Plague

Correct Ans:A

Explanation

Toxoplasma gondii REF: Jawett's 24th edition Section VI. Parasitology > Chapter 46.Medical Parasitology

"Toxoplasma gondii is a coccidian protozoan of worldwide distribution that infects awide range of animals and birds but does not appear to cause disease in them. The

normal final hosts are strictly the cat and its relatives in the family Felidae, the onlyhosts in which the oocystproducing sexual stage of Toxoplasma can develop"


Q:17 Hypoplasia of limbs & scarring is caused due to â€‘

A: VaricellaB: Herpes simplexC: RubellaD: Toxoplasma

Correct Ans:A

Explanation

Varicella virus [Ref Harrison 17/e p. 1103; Nelson's 18/e p. 1368]

Congenital Varicella syndrome is characteristically associated with limb

reduction defects (if infection occurs prior to limb bud formation) and scarring of skin

The association of Limb reduction defects with scarring of skin suggests the diagnosis ofcongenital varicella syndrome.

Limb reduction defects (Limb hypoplasia) and congenital varicella.

Limb reduction defects are seen if infection occurs prior to or during limb budformation.The virus has a tendency to select tissues that are in a rapid development stagesuch as the limb budsFetus infected at 612 weeks of gestation appears to have maximal interruptionwith limb development.This may result in 1 or more shortened and malformed extremities.The remaining of the torso may be entirely normal in appearance.

Scarring of Skin (Cicatrical skin lesions) and Varicella

Scarring of skin is a common feature of congenital varicella syndrome.The characteristic cutaneous lesion has been called a 'Cicatrix''Cicatrix' represents zigzag scarring in a dermatomal distribution (and is oftenassociated with atrophy of the affected limb)This characteristic cicatrical scaring is believed to represent the cutaneous residuaof WV infection of the sensory nerves analogous to herpes zoster.


Q:18 "Aldehyde" test is for:

A: FasciolaB: LeishmaniaC: ToxoplasmaD: Toxocara

Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Leishmania


Q:19 Cyst and trophozite in stool

A: MycoplasmaB: ToxoplasmaC: LeptospiraD: Treponema

Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Toxoplasma


Q:20 "Erythema chronicum migrans" is caused by

A: B. burgdorferiB: Toxoplasma gondiiC: Toxocara canisD: Stronglyloids stercoralis

Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Ans. is 'a' i.e., B. burgdorferi

Erythma migrans (erythma chronicum migrans) is characteristic lesion of stageI of Lyme diseae, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.


Q:21 Common CNS lesions in HIV is caused by

A: CryptococcusB: Toxoplasma C: Lymphoma D: All

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cryptococcus; 'b' i.e., Toxoplasma & `c' i.e., Lymphoma

Common CNS lesions in HIV patient are

i) HIV encephalopathy ii) Cerebral toxoplasmosis iii)Cryptococcal meningitis

iv) CMV infection v) Tubercular meningoencephalitis vi)Herpetic encephalitis vii) Primary CNS lymphoma viii) Progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy


Q:22 The common causative agent in diarrhea in AIDS patients is

A: ToxoplasmaB: CryptosporidiumC: SalmonellaeD: Mycobacteria

Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cryptosporidium


Q:23 The cystic form of all are seen in man except

A: E.histolyticaB: GiardiaC: TrichomonasD: Toxoplasma

Correct Ans:C

Explanation

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Trichomonas

Protozoal parasites have two phases.

1. Cystic phase2. Trophozoite

Cystic phase is not seen in :

. Trichomonas

. Entamoeba gingivalis

. Dientamoeba fragilis


Q:24 "Amastigote forms" are seen in

A: Leishmania donovaniB: Toxoplasma gondiC: Leishmania majorD: a and c

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Leishmania donovani; 'c' i.e., Leishmania major


Q:25 Tachyzoites are seen in

A: ToxoplasmaB: ToxocaraC: Pulmonary eosinophiliaD: Ascaris

Correct Ans:A

Explanation

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Toxoplasma

Bradyzoites (released from tissue cyst) and sporozoites (released from oocyst) enterthe small intestinal epithelium and transform into rapidly dividing tachyzoites(endozoites).


Q:26 Sabin feldman Dye test is used to demonstrate infection with

A: FilariaB: ToxoplasmaC: HistoplasmaD: Ascaris

Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Ans. is 'b' i.e., Toxoplasma

The polyclonal IgG antibodies evoked by infection are parasiticidal in vitro in thepresence of serum complement and are the basis for the Sabin Feldman dye test.

Laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

. Laboratory diagnosis can be made by

a) Microscopic demonstration of the parasite

b) Isolation of the parasite by animal inoculation or tissue culture.

c) Polymerase chain reaction

d) Serology

The most common method of laboratory diagnosis

Persons should initially be tested for the presence of Toxoplasma specific IgGantibodies to determine their immune status. A positive IgG titre indicates infectionwith the organism at sometime ( recent or past).

Then an IgG positive person should have an IgM test. A negative test essentiallyexcludes recent infection. However, a positive IgM test does not always mean a recentinfection because toxoplasma specific IgM antibodies may persist for months to yearfollowing primary infection. Therefore :

i) Negative IgM with positive IgG always means a past infection.

ii) Positive IgM with positive IgG indicates possibility of recent infection, but notwith 100% surety. It may or may not be recent infection. To differentiate betweenrecent and past infection, IgG avidity test is used.

It is worth noting here that a third situation is also possible when IgM test is

positive but IgG test is negative. In this situation a second sample should be takenafter 24 weeks and should be tested :

i) If the second sample is positive for IgG and IgM, it indicates that the firstsample was taken early in the disease when IgG was not yet developed.

ii) If the second sample is still negative for IgG with positive IgM, it indicates falsepositive IgM test.

Tests for IgG antibodies Tests for IgM antibodies

. IgG ELISA/EIA. IgM indirect flourscent antibody test(IgM IFA)

. Sabin Fieldman dye test . Double sandwich ELISA

. IgG indirect flourscent antibody test(IgGIFA) . IgM capture EIA

. Differntial agglutination ( AC/HS) . Immunosorbant agglutination assay (ISAGA)

. Avidity test


Q:27 Toxoplasmosis in the foetus can be best confirmed by

A: IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in the motherB: IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in the foetusC: IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma in the motherD: IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma in in the foetus

Correct Ans:B

Explanation

Ans. is 'b' i.e., IgM antibodies against Toxoplasma in the foetus


Q:28 Which of the following is detected in peripheral blood smear

A: MalariaB: ToxoplasmaC: BabesiaD: All

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Malaria; 'b' i.e., Toxoplasmosis; 'c' i.e., Babesia


Q:29 Simple life cycle is seen in

A: AscarisB: T. soliumC: ToxoplasmaD: a and c

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is `a & c' i.e., Ascaris & Toxoplasma

Parasite with a simple life cycle

Parasite Host

Protozoal parasites

Entamoeba histolyticaGiardia lamblia

Trichomonas vaginalisBalantidium coli

Human beings Humanbeings Human beings

Pigs and human beings

Helminths (nematodes)Ascaris lumbricoidesEnterobius vermicularisStrongyloides stercoralisTrichuris trichuraAncylostoma duodenaleNecator americanus

Human beingsHuman beingsHuman beingsHuman beingsHuman beingsHuman beings


Q:30 All are intracellular parasites, except

A: LeishmaniaB: PlasmodiumC: ToxoplasmaD: None of these

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is 'd' None of the above


Q:31 Hanging drop method is used for

A: T. trichomonasB: PlasmodiumC: ToxoplasmaD: Cryptosporidium

Correct Ans:A

Explanation

Ans. is 'a' i.e., T. trichomonas

Hanging drop method is used for examining motility of microorganisms.Motility of trichomonas vaginalis may also be observed by this method.


Q:32 Cat is an agent for transmission of the following disease of man

A: Isospora hominisB: Fasciola hepaticaC: Toxoplasma gondiiD: Chilomastix mensili

Correct Ans:C

Explanation

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Toxoplasma gondii

Cat is the definitive host for T. gondii

Remember

Dogs are responsible for transmission of

. Hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosis)

. Toxocara canis

. Leishmania donovani infantum.


Q:33 Rhabditiform larvae in freshly passed stools are seen with

A: ToxoplasmaB: TrichurisC: AnkylostomD: Srongyloides

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Strongyloides

. Rhabditiform larvae in freshly passed stools are seen in strongyloides.


Q:34 Cerebral infarction is caused by

A: ToxoplasmaB: CryptococcusC: AspergillusD: a and c

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Toxoplasma; 'c' i.e., Aspergillus

Vascular thrombosis with cerebral infarction is seen in

. Aspergillus . Candida

. Mucor . Toxoplasmosis


Q:35 Which of the following is transmitted by blood ?

A: ToxoplasmaB: Syphilis

C: CMVD: All

Correct Ans:D

Explanation

Ans. is `a' i.e., Toxoplasma; `b' i.e., Syphilis; 'c' i.e., CMV


Q:36 Which disease is transmitted by all the components of blood

A: MalariaB: SyphilisC: ToxoplasmaD: H. pylori

Correct Ans:A

Explanation

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Malaria

o All components, including RBCs, WBCs, platelet concentrates, granulocyteconcentrates, fresh plasma and cryoprecipitate can transmit malaria.


previous year sample questions in pdf on toxoplasmosis for neet pg, usmle, plab and fmge (mci...

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