PrimaryPrimary IndustriesIndustries

the collecting ofnatural resources

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ContentsContents

Types of primary industries, their raw materials and problems they cause

AgricultureTypes of farmingHedges and rubble wallsQuestions

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Types of primary industriesTypes of primary industries

1. Forest workers:

These cut down trees – so wood is the raw

material they use

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Unfortunately, too many trees are being cut!! This leads to deforestation

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Types of primary industriesTypes of primary industries

2. Quarrying is another type of primary industry.

Here rocks are cut out of the land.

These rocks are then used for building and concrete

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Quarrying spoils the environment… it leaves large holes in the ground!!

These are called eye-sores.

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3. Drilling for oil is another type of primary industry. This raw material is used to make fuel such as petrol and diesel.

This pollutes the air with smoke from refineries…

Types of primary industriesTypes of primary industries

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… and the sea due to oil spills.

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Agriculture/ FarmingAgriculture/ Farming

This is another type of primary industry because farmers work in nature to grow crops (vegetables/fruits) and animals.

So, can you say which are the raw materials in farming?

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There are three types of farming:

A) ArableB) PastoralD) Mixed

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Arable FarmingArable Farming The growing of

crops (fruit and vegetables)

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Pastoral FarmingPastoral Farming

When land is left under grass for the grazing of animals.

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Mixed farmingMixed farming When crops and animals are found in

the same area.

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Subsistence farmingSubsistence farming Farmer grows only enough food for

themselves and their family They do not sell it – so, they remain poor!!

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Market gardeningMarket gardening Farmers invest a

lot of money to buy expensive machinery and fertilizers.

A lot of crops (fruit + vegetables) are grown

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These are sold … and a lot of profit is made

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Intensive farmingIntensive farming Small farms Labour intensive (need a lot of work &

workers) Capital intensive (need a lot of money

to buy machinery, fertilizers…) Produce:

flowers, tomatoes, potatoes…

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Extensive farmingExtensive farming

Large farms Few workers Less money is invested in

farm Produce: hay, sheep, cattle…

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Hedges & Rubble wallsHedges & Rubble walls

HEDGES are used as a boundary to the fields

They stop animals from escaping

But they are expensive to maintain…

and large tractors cannot be used.

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In Malta, RUBBLE WALLS are used to divide fields.

These form a habitat (home) for small animals They protect the soil from being carried away by

wind and rain – avoid soil erosion.

ANSWER THESE:ANSWER THESE:

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1. What are primary industries ?

2. What are raw materials?

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4. What are the three types of

agriculture?

3. Mention 4 types of primary industries

and their raw material.

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5. What is subsistence farming?

6. What is market gardening?

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7. What are extensive farms?

8. What are intensive farms?

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9. Why are rubble walls used in Malta?

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