primates first in rank among mammals? & scandentia eeob 625 11 february 2004 notice: 11 & 12...
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PRIMATESFirst in rank among mammals?
& Scandentia
EEOB 625
11 February 2004Notice:
11 & 12 Feb: Lab Exam II – First 30 minutes
Data Analysis II - Excel Workshop:
From spreadsheet to effective figures
Primate Origins & Characteristics
• An old order dating to the Cretaceous – most closely related to: Scandentia, Dermaptera, Chiroptera & ?
• Ordinal character states: - 5 grasping digits, -nails, - many (32-36) teeth (loss only 8 from 44) , - bunodont, 4-cusped molars (derived from?). Primitive?
• Shared, derived character states (Table 11.1 Vaughan) - Hind limb dominance in locomotion
- binocular vision with postorbital bar (muzzle short)
- Long generation times w/ delayed sexual maturity !?
- large brain size (cerebrum) & high EQs
Plesiadapsis: ancestral primate of the Paleocene (Adapidae, Vaughan p 177)
Primate Origins & Characteristics• An old order dating to Cretaceous – most closely
related to: Scandentia, Dermaptera, Chiroptera & ________?
• Ordinal character states: 1) 5 grasping digits w/ nails, 2) many (36-32/ of 44 max) teeth w/ bunodont, 4-cusp molars (derived from?) Primitive?
• Derived character states (p. 227 Feldhamer)
- binocular vision with postorbital bar (muzzle short)
- Long generation times w/ delayed sexual maturity !?
- large brain size (cerebrum) & high EQs
Primate Phylogeny & Classification
Fossils: Plesiadapsis (Paleocene), ancestors of lemurs
Two monophyletic suborders (236 Species, 5th place)
• Suborder Strepsirhini (Prosiminans) – 7 families
- Lemuridae: 10 species limited to Madagasgar- Loridae: Ethiopian and Oriental Regions
• Suborder Haplorhini (Anthropoidea) (w/ Tarsiidae)
- Callitrichidae & Cebidae: Neotropical- Cercocopithecidae: Ethiopian & Oriental (81 sp)
- Homidae (Pongidae) & Hylobatidae
LemuridaeLoridae
Fig. 13.1 Feldhamer
Adapidae?Haplorhini
Feldhamer 13.7
Haplorine Primates and Hominidae
• Derived character states of Haplorine Primates - post orbital plate & nails vs. claws - ischial collosities or no tail - catarrhine nostrils point down (not sideways) - dental formula: I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3• Character states in Hominidae - Enlarged cranial capacity I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 or I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 2/2 ?
Encephalization Quotients
EQ = Observed brain weight divided by
Expected brain weight • Expected brain weight obtained from a regression equation (brain weight on body mass)for all mammals• EQ varies from 0.3 to 1.5 for most mammals primates: 1.5 to 2.6, dolphins & porpoises: 3.2 – 4.9 • 7.5 for Homo sapiens (Why?)• - Factors promoting high EQ• - Relationship of EQ to intelligence
Log of Body Weight
Regression line for all mammals (the “average”)
EQ = Observed brain weight Expected brain weight
Biology & Conservation of Primates
• Deforestation the major threat to primate populations and diversity
• Golden lion tamarins:
- Brazilian Atlantic coast rainforest
- A success story for the role of Zoos
• Red howler monkeys: An abundant wide spread species with wide habitat and environmental tolerances
EndPrimates
Primate Origins & Characteristics• An old order dating to the Cretaceous – most
closely related to: Scandentia, Dermaptera, Chiroptera & ?
• Ordinal character states: 1) 5 grasping digits w/ nails, 2) many (32-36/ of 44 max) teeth w/ bunodont, 4-cusp molars (derived from?) Primitive?
• Derived character states (p. 227 Feldhamer)
- binocular vision with postorbital bar (muzzle short)
- Long generation times w/ delayed sexual maturity !?
- large brain size (cerebrum) & high EQs
Primate Phylogeny & Classification
Two monophyletic suborders (232 Sp, 5th place)
• Suborder Strepsirhini (Prosiminans) - primitive- Lemuridae: 10 species limited to Madagasgar- Loridae: Ethiopian and Oriental Regions
• Suborder Haplorhini (Anthropoidea) (w/ Tarsiidae)
- Callitrichidae & Cebidae: Neotropical- Cercocopithecidae: Ethiopian & Oriental (81 sp)
- Homidae (Pongidae) & Hylobatidae
Encephalizion Quotients
EQ = Observed brain weight divided by
Expected brain weight • Expected brain weight obtained from a regression equation (brain weight on body mass)for all mammals• EQ varies from 0.3 to 1.5 for most mammals primates: 1.5 to 2.6, dolphins & porpoises: 3.2 – 4.9 • 7.5 for Homo sapiens (Why?)• - Factors promoting high EQ• - Relationship of EQ to intelligence
Log of Body Weight
Regression line for all mammals (the “average”)
EQ = Observed brain weight Expected brain weight
Haplorine Primates and Hominidae
• Derived character states of Haplorine Primates
- post orbital plate & nails vs. claws
- ischial collosities or no tail
- dental formula: I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3
• Character states in Hominidae:
- Catarrhine, trend to terrestrial habits
- Enlarged cranial capacity: High EQ
- Dental formula: What is yours?
Biology & Conservation of Primates
• Deforestation the major threat to primate populations and diversity
• Golden lion tamarins:
- Brazilian Atlantic coast rainforest
- A success story for the role of Zoos
• Red howler monkeys: An abundant wide spread species with wide habitat and environmental tolerances