1. A group of Native Americans made up of 5 tribes: Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida.

2. a religious revival in the 1700s. 3. movement in the 1700s that promoted knowledge,

reason, and science. 4. Also called the French and Indian War; it was really

a war between the French and the English people. 5. the basic material from which a product is made;

example: indigo, lumber, & tobacco. 6. the theory that a nation’s power is depended on its’

wealth.

Primetime:Thursday September 10, 2015

Life in the Colonies

New England Colonies •Population rose from 250,000 people in 1700 to approximately 2.5 Million in 1770. •African American settlers were the primary reason for this increase.

•The natural resources of the New England Colonies included fish, whales, trees and furs. •This made New England the hub of shipping trade on North America.

New England Colonies’ Natural Resources

•What type of soil did the NE colonies have?

QUESTION!!

New England Architecture •A house design called a “ salt box” became popular in many areas. The design was square with an addition in the back. •These houses were called salt boxes because they were similar in shape to a wooden box in which salt was kept in colonial kitchens.

New England •New Englanders practiced subsistence farming on small farms. •What is subsistence farming?

•They produced just enough to live off of; no extra to sell.

Triangular Trade Video:

What was the importance of the Triangular Trade to the Colonies?

What was traded through the Middle Passage?

Middle Colonies •Middle colonies produced bigger harvests than New England colonies •In New York and Pennsylvania, farmers grew larger quantities of wheat and other cash crops

Middle Colonies •Nearly 100,ooo Germans settled in Pennsylvania.

•Why do you think they chose to settle in Pennsylvania instead of Massachusetts?

QUESTION!!

Southern Colonies •Tobacco was the principal cash crop of Virginia and Maryland.

• Farm crop grown to be sold for money. •Most tobacco was sold in Europe, where the demand for it was strong.

• Growing tobacco and preparing it, took a lot of labor.

Southern Colonies • At first, planters used indentured

servants to work in the fields. •When indentured servants became scarce and expensive, the planters used enslaved Africans.

Southern Colonies While Maryland and Virginia focused on tobacco, South Carolina and Georgia grew another cash crop.

Southern Plantations •Most of the large Southern plantations were located in the Tidewater, a region of flat, lowering plains along the seacoast. •Plantations, or large farms, were often located on rivers so crops could be easily shared.

The Layout of a Southern Plantation •Each plantation was a self-contained community with fields stretching out around a cluster of buildings.

The Layout of a Southern Plantation • The planter’s wife supervised the main house and the household servants. •A plantation also included slave cabins, barns, stables, and outbuildings.

Backcountry Region •West of the Tidewater lay a region of hills and forests climbing up towards the Appalachian Mountains. •It was settled by newcomers to the colonies. •They grew corn and tobacco on small farms.

Slave Codes •Slave codes were laws each US state, or colony, had defining the status of slaves and the rights of masters. •The codes gave slave owners near-absolute power over the right of their human property. •Some slave codes made it illegal to teach enslaved people to read or write.

• In England, trouble within the royal family was brewing during this time period.

• In 1688- Parliament- England’s law- making body- forced out King James and replaced him with his Daughter Mary and her Husband William.

• This change, which showed the power of the elected representatives over the monarch, came to be known as the Glorious Revolution.

English Bill of Rights • In 1689, once King William and Queen Mary took over

England, they signed this document, which guaranteed certain basic rights to all citizens of England.

• The English Bill of Rights, later inspired the people who created the American Bill of Rights.

• England viewed its North American Colonies as a way to make money.

• The colonies provided England with raw materials. • English manufacturers used these materials to

produce finished goods. • England would then turn around and sell the

finished goods back to the colonists for an even heftier price.

• This process followed an economic theory called mercantilism.

I’m bloody

filthy rich!

cotton

iron

lumber

furniture

tools

textiles

I’m bloody

filthy rich!

Navigation Acts (1660's)

Ex.) sugar, tobacco, indigo 1) Most products could be sold only to England.

• This theory states that as a nation’s trade grows, its gold reserves increase, and the nation then becomes more powerful.

• To make more money from its trade, England had to export more goods than it imported.

I’m bloody

filthy rich!

• To make certain that only England benefited from the trade with its’ colonies, Parliament passed the Navigation Acts, a series of laws between 1651- 1673 that directed trade between England and the colonies to increase the power and money of England.

Navigation Acts • Colonial merchants who had goods to send

to England could not use foreign ships– even if those ships offered cheaper rates; they were forced to pay England to use their ships.

• The Navigation Acts prevented colonists from sending certain products, such as sugar or tobacco, outside of England’s empire.

Navigation Acts • Some Colonists ignored these laws and

began smuggling, or trading illegally with other nations.

• Controls on trade would later cause even more conflict between the American colonies and England.

Mrs. Viola’s Real World Example of Smuggling…

Colonial Governments

Voting Rights • Colonial legislatures gave only some people a

voice in government. –Only white men who owned property had

the right to vote. –Most women, indentured servants,

landless, poor, and African Americans could not vote.

• Despite the limits, a higher proportion of people were involved in government in the colonies than anywhere in the European World.

The Great Awakening Video

The Great Awakening • Is the name for the most powerful

religious revival that swept over the colonies throughout the 1720s.

• Christian ministers preached throughout the colonies, drawing huge crowds.

The Great Awakening

• The Great Awakening had a lasting effect on the way in which the colonists viewed themselves, their relationships with each other, and their faith.

Colonial Education • Literacy levels in the New England colonies

was extremely high. 85% of men could read and write, while 50% of women could.

• Colonial schools were ran by widows, Quakers, and unmarried women.

Colonial Education • Compare colonial schools to our schools

Colonial Education • _____________ is the oldest institution of higher

education in the United States, established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

• It was named after the College’s first benefactor, the young minister John Harvard of Charlestown, who upon his death in 1638 left his library and half his estate to the institution.

Colonial Education • A statue of John Harvard stands today in front

of University Hall in Harvard Yard, and is perhaps the University’s best known landmark.

• One founding father was Benjamin Franklin.

Colonial Education • Where is the Harvard University? • “the city upon a hill”

Enlightenment Period

• Began in Europe and spread the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society.

• In the colonies, this period peaked interest in science.

• Colonists observed nature, staged experiments, and published their findings.

Benjamin Franklin

1706 1790

Benjamin Franklin’s

Contributions

• At age 24, he published his Poor Richard’s Almanac, a calendar full of advice, philosophy and wise sayings like: “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.”

• He invented the lightning rod,

bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove for heating.

• He served as a statesman and a

patriot. He helped guide the colonies toward independence.

Freedom of the Press • In 1735, John Peter Zenger of New York

Weekly Journal faced charges of libel for printing a critical report about the royal governor of New York.

• Andrew Hamilton argued that free speech was a basic right of English people and defended Zenger.

• The jury found him not guilty. • This case attracted little attention during this

time, but today it is regarded as an important step in the development of a free press in America.

British – French Rivalry • As the growing population of the American colonies

pushed up against the French-held territory, hostility between England and France increased.

• At the same time, some land companies wanted to explore opportunities in the Ohio River Valley.

British – French Rivalry • However, the French, who traded throught

the Ohio Country, regarded this territory as their own and had no intentions of letting the British colonists share in their profitable fur trade.

British – French Rivalry • In the 1740s, the British fur traders went into the

Ohio Country and built a fort deep into the territory of the Miami people at a place called Pickawillany.

• Acting quickly, the French attacked Pickawillany and drove the British out of Ohio.

British – French Rivalry • To protect their precious fur trade, France

decided it was in their best interest to build forts along the rivers in the Ohio River Valley, closer to the British colonies than ever before.

• Two mighty powers- Britain and France were headed for a showdown in North America!!

The Iroquois Confederacy • Powerful group of Native American

based in New York.

• Started off being independent and trading with Britain and France.

• After pressure from British, they ended up sided with the British.

The Albany Plan of Union • Called for “one general government” for all

the American colonies.

• This government would help them be strong and defeat the French!!!

Why do you think they left out Georgia?

is confused. He doesn’t understand this

picture. Who made it? Why do they have

weird letters above it? Why is it cut up? Why

must they join? Who must they defeat?