Principle of Planning• Building Drawing Planning and Design• Principles of Architecture• Functional Planning

• Best utilization of space• Purpose of building :residential, commercial, educational, industrial..• Size and shape of building

• Structural Durability• Durable and Strong• Type of construction to be adopted

• Essential Services• Sanitary, water supply, energy /power, heat and sound insulation• Planning of all services without causing loss to functionality of building

Principle of Planning (Contd.)

• Appearance ( Aesthetic)• Efforts are made to make building more beautiful• Designed to suit surroundings

• Economy• Economical Planning• Estimation of quantity and cost• Size, Specification, phase wise construction, services may be

kept to minimum

Functional Planning of Building

• Satisfy the present need• Future growth• Structurally Stable• Elegant economical in the long run• Use of locally available material• Follows rules and regulations• Customs, conventions

Planning of building depends on

• Functional objective and requirements• Its component parts, their sizes and relationship between different rooms

• Shape of the plotØregular/irregular (L/B ratio - 1.2 or oblong)Ø Topography of ground (levelled, steep , sloping, split level)

• Climatic conditions of the place• Location and neighbourhood• Single storeyed/multi-storeyedØDetached/semidetached/raw house

Planning• List of Functions• Number of occupants• Owner’s details – economical, social, profession• Requirements of owner/rooms• Provision for garage/porch/staircase

(internal/external)• Existing and future extension• Availability of fund• Geological condition of plot

Planning (Contd.)

• Climatic condition and site condition• Municipal bye laws and regulations• Measures for the protection of environment• Safety and security provision if needed• Sub soil/water level etc

Principles of Planning

• Orientation- Aspect, Prospect• Privacy• Grouping• Circulation • Sanitation• Flexibility• Elegance• Landscaping• Economy• Roominess• Future Requirements

Orientation - Aspect and Prospect

• Setting and placing of building units in relation to sun, wind, topography and outlook

• It also includes the arrangement of doors/windows in external walls of building (protect inmates from weather’s ill effect)

• Providing convenient access to street and backyard• Activities in different rooms takes place at different

time, according to activities building units are planned North

West East (Large Window)

KITCHEN – East/North-East

Kitchen

Bed RoomIn cold Region

To get sunshine early in the Morning

East

North

Bed RoomIn tropical country: India

East

North

West

South

Select direction of breeze

Bed room-West or South-West

Living RoomIn tropical country: India

East

North

West

South

Opening in North-East makes living room more comfortable throughout the day

Living room facing South receives maximum Sunlight during the day

Room

East

North

West

South

Balcony or Verandah should be either East or West

Balcony or Verandah should be preferred on West side to keep adjoining room cool

Verandah

Balcony

Public building

Auditorium

East

North

West

South

• Long walls towards north & south • Short wall towards east & west

North-South orientation is good, minimize the area of the wall exposed to sun.

Orientation North-South

Windows on east/west and south side should beprovided with weather shed to cut off the sun rays

Aspect

• Aspect deals with the art of positioning

• longer walls,• room• opening,• chajja of a building

• in such a way that occupants derive maximum benefits from natural sources

Aspect with respect to Sun

Reading, Store, Studio, Ladder, Class Room

6

Kitchen

LivingMidday

18

12

N

E

S

Midnight

W

Bed room

Dining

NE

SE

NW

SW

24

Winter Sun

Summer Sun

Prospect

• Art of positioning of openings to have desirable views• Occupants enjoy scenery outside through window• Projected bay windows or concealing undesired view from

Concealing Undesired View

Privacy

• Privacy of building from other building• Growing trees/creepers• Compound wall having height 1.5 m minimum• Glass Windows• Screen walls

• Privacy in the building itself• Providing proper location of D,W,V• Proper grouping of room• Screen/curtain/wooden partition• Avoid entry from room/through the passages

More Privacy Less Privacy

Circulation

• Circulation: the access into or out of a room• Vertical Circulation ( From one floor to other)

• Stairs• Lifts• Ramp in public building like shopping mall, theatres,

• Horizontal Circulation (from room to room ofthe same floor)

• Achieved through passage, corridor, halls, lobbies,

Passage : Wide, lighted, straight• Free from obstruction

Location of Door: Concept of circulation of space

Door in the middle of wide room

Roominess: Feeling for space• Psychological conclusion drawn out of size and

shape formed by you• Room should look spacious by

• Suitable dimensions Length and breadth (L/B = 1.2 to 1.5)

• Arrangement of furniture• Height of building• Avoid projected cup board• Project some part of room outside• Avoid Offsets in the wall• Position of D, W and V• Colour – light – Pleasant• – Dark – gloomy

L/B >221 m2

Length 3.0 Breadth 7.0

L/B 21 m2

Length 5.0 Breadth 4.42

Grouping

• Grouping: Planning of two or more related rooms in proximity of each other

• Minimize circulation , sequence of functionshould be maintained• Increase comfort, privacy, Convenience• Verandah – Living room ( more numbers of visitors

can be accommodate in verandah)• Dining Close to kitchen ( service, odour and smoke

of kitchen• Living-Dining (social gathering)• Bed room-toilet-dressing (better privacy)

Grouping

• Bath-w/c (plumbing services)• Kitchen-backyard (cleaning, vision outside)• Staircase in the middle of building (Easy access,

quick movement)• Toilet/bath/w/c away or separated by passage

Furniture Arrangement: Planning of building unit

• Planning of building unit looking to the requirements of furniture

• Space required to carry out the activities• Arrangement of furniture (circulation space)• Different layout of the building

Sanitation

• Light( proper orientation, design of window)• Illuminate house, natural lighting,• Artificial lighting, no glare

• Ventilation (fresh & cool air, location of window)

• Cleanliness (surface of the floor, finishing, wall paper, design of door, window frame and shutter)

Flexibility

• Functional requirement of building unit can be changed• Living can be changed as bed room for guest• Kitchen can be dining

Elegance

• Appearance of building• Elevation of building should be such that it speaks

out itself the purpose• Selection of better material• Glass , FRP• Timber (polished)• Design of verandah, column, chhaja, balconies• Different design of window

ECONOMY

• Restrict the liberty of Architect• Economy should not have evil effect on utility,durability and safety• Planning for long term

General Features of Building

Minimum distance from electric line